Dynamic balancing of computation and communication load is vital for the execution stability and performance of distributed, parallel simulations deployed on shared, unreliable resources of large-scale environments. High Level Architecture (HLA) based simulations can experience a decrease in performance due to imbalances that are produced initially and/or during run-time. These imbalances are generated by the dynamic load changes of distributed simulations or by unknown, non-managed background processes resulting from the non-dedication of shared resources. Due to the dynamic execution characteristics of elements that compose distributed simulation applications, the computational load and interaction dependencies of each simulation entity change during run-time. These dynamic changes lead to an irregular load and communication distribution, which increases overhead of resources and execution delays. A static partitioning of load is limited to deterministic applications and is incapable of predicting the dynamic changes caused by distributed applications or by external background processes. Due to the relevance in dynamically balancing load for distributed simulations, many balancing approaches have been proposed in order to offer a sub-optimal balancing solution, but they are limited to certain simulation aspects, specific to determined applications, or unaware of HLA-based simulation characteristics. Therefore, schemes for balancing the communication and computational load during the execution of distributed simulations are devised, adopting a hierarchical architecture. First, in order to enable the development of such balancing schemes, a migration technique is also employed to perform reliable and low-latency simulation load transfers. Then, a centralized balancing scheme is designed; this scheme employs local and cluster monitoring mechanisms in order to observe the distributed load changes and identify imbalances, and it uses load reallocation policies to determine a distribution of load and minimize imbalances. As a measure to overcome the drawbacks of this scheme, such as bottlenecks, overheads, global synchronization, and single point of failure, a distributed redistribution algorithm is designed. Extensions of the distributed balancing scheme are also developed to improve the detection of and the reaction to load imbalances. These extensions introduce communication delay detection, migration latency awareness, self-adaptation, and load oscillation prediction in the load redistribution algorithm. Such developed balancing systems successfully improved the use of shared resources and increased distributed simulations' performance.

Cette thèse traite de l'évaluation des apports de l'introduction de nouvelles technologies de l'information et de la communication (NTIC), les technologies d'IDentification par Radio-Fréquences (RFID), dans le milieu de la Santé.Un premier objectif a naturellement consisté en la description des particularités de la production de soins et de l'organisation hospitalière, ainsi que des problématiques associées à la mise en place de systèmes RFID dans un contexte plus général et une présentation des outils permettant de répondre à ces problématiques.Suivent deux cas d'application issus du projet MISTRALS (Mutualisation Informatique des Systèmes Technologiques pour le Recherche phArmaceutique et La Santé) que sont les tumorothèques et la production de chimiothérapies.La partie "générique" des impacts des technologies mènent à la proposition d'une approche descriptive adaptée au problème. Les apports des technologies permettent d'inventorier les boîtes de cryotubes stockées à très basse température rapidement et précisément. Cette observation nous a poussés à définir et étudier des possibilités de la mise en place de l'activité de concaténation de ces boîtes. Cette activité et une approche d'optimisation la concernant sont intégrées à un outil de simulation par évènements discrets.L'intérêt des objets communicants est également pluriel dans la production des chimiothérapies. Outre les apports logistiques, les RFID permettent d'acquérir des données fiables pour paramétrer les profils et la performance des ressources humaines. Nous déterminons une approche de génération d'ordonnancements intégrant la gestion des compétences et l'intégrons à une simulation à évènements discrets. / This thesis aims at evaluating the impacts of Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) within a healthcare context.The first parts of this dissertation describe the particularities of health-production systems, the problematic of introducing RFID technologies within a general context, and present the tools that can be used to answer questions related to implementing new information and communication technologies within hospitals.Two use cases are developed. They concern tumour-banks (and more generally biobanks) and chemotherapies production systems.The generic impacts of RFID technologies led us proposing an adapted descriptive approach.Technologies allow fast and acute inventories, even concerning cryotubes containing biological samples that are stored at very low temperatures. This observation led us to define and study the possibilities for re-organizing these particular stocks. This activity and a specific optimization approach are included in a discrete-event simulation tool.Several improvements can also be raised through the use of auto-communicating devices within a chemotherapy production system. We focus on using real-time data to estimate the evolution of competency of the human resources concocting cytotoxics. We describe an optimization approach for scheduling the production of chemotherapies considering the resources performance level, and include this tool within a dedicated discrete-event simulation model.

In order to meet the expectations of today’s market and compete in the global world we live in, many companies are facing changes. A low cost production and high quality is not enough to be competitive. Companies must also satisfy the external customers’ claims, which to a great extent imply demands on an increased productivity. It is not enough to look to the external customers. The people working within the production system are the internal customers and the production system must be designed to suit their needs. Increased productivity can be stressful for operators, especially in the automotive industry, where heavy and frequent lifting is part of the daily work. The increased competition can thus in the long run lead to consequences for operator health as a result of heavy, and frequent, lifting. Due to this, more companies are looking over the possibilities to automate parts of their production process. The purpose of this thesis is to explore, using simulation tools, how automation of heavy lifting can affect productivity and work environment in processing or manufacturing processes. The research questions that will be answered are: o In what way does automation affect productivity in processing processes? o How can simulation tools act as an aid in designing automation? o What impact does automation have on the operator’s ergonomic work environment? To answer these questions, a literature study has been conducted in three main areas: production development, automation and simulation. A case study was carried out in a processing cell within the heavy vehicle industry, which currently does not have an approved ergonomic working environment. The company wanted to implement a robot and the purpose was to investigate how ergonomics and productivity was affected. The comparison was made using a simulation created in the ExtendSim software. The purpose of the simulation was to compare the current production system with a layout where a robot was implemented in the system. From this thesis, the conclusions were drawn that automation can affect a company’s productivity in a positive way provided that the preparatory planning is carried out thoroughly. The thesis shows that a simulation tool can be helpful from a number of aspects when automation is to be designed, and not least that it can undoubtedly be positive for the operator’s ergonomic work environment to automate parts of the production that includes heavy and frequent lifting.

Orientadores: Cristiano Morini, Luís Antonio de Santa-Eulalia / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T16:46:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ferreira_YuridaCunha_M.pdf: 2095505 bytes, checksum: e777d90d6317bbff27c249d1a35f1314 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: A Aduana (ou alfândega) é um elo da cadeia internacional de suprimentos com a função de controlar a entrada e a saída de mercadorias de um país. A transposição de mercadorias pelas fronteiras está diretamente relacionada aos processos aduaneiros. Medidas de facilitação comercial objetivam tornar o controle da Aduana mais simplificado e efetivo, tornando a cadeia de suprimentos mais fluida e segura. Iniciativas como a utilização de laudos de imagens dos escâneres de raio-X, os programas de facilitação comercial, como o Despacho Aduaneiro Expresso (Linha Azul), e metas de desempenho para servidores aduaneiros podem ser citadas como medidas de facilitação comercial. O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar o impacto dessas medidas de facilitação comercial na Aduana brasileira, em relação aos diversos tempos que impactam o fluxo de importação. Não existem estudos nas literaturas científica e profissional que analisem quantitativamente os impactos dessas medidas de facilitação comercial no Brasil. Caracterizada pelo método de pesquisa explicativa de natureza experimental, por meio da ferramenta de simulação de eventos discretos, foi desenvolvido um Projeto de Experimentos Fatorial 2^k Completo. O objeto do estudo experimental foi aplicado no fluxo de importação aérea no Aeroporto Internacional de Viracopos, Campinas. Os dados utilizados são originários dos sistemas TECAPLUS e MANTRA e de entrevistas com experts. Durante o desenvolvimento da pesquisa, diversos especialistas da área de comércio exterior estiveram envolvidos, desde a formulação do problema à validação do modelo computacional. Os resultados obtidos nas rodadas de simulação indicam uma melhoria progressiva do sistema simulado em todos os indicadores de desempenho entre o status quo e o cenário de melhor performance. A análise de contrastes dos fatores indica que: o aumento de empresas habilitadas em programas de facilitação comercial (Linha Azul) diminui o tempo médio geral de desembaraço aduaneiro; a utilização de laudos de imagens dos escâneres de raio-X melhora o desempenho de todos os indicadores relacionados à previsibilidade e ao tempo de desembaraço das empresas habilitadas no Despacho Aduaneiro Expresso; e, metas de desempenho para auditores-fiscais da Receita Federal contribui para o aumento da previsibilidade do sistema. Os resultados obtidos indicam melhorias que podem contribuir para ganhos de competitividade para o Brasil / Abstract: Customs is an international supply chain link with the role of controlling goods entries and exits of the country. The cross border of goods is strictly related to customs process. Trade facilitation measures aim to turn Customs control more simplified and effective, turning the supply chain more fluid and secure. Initiatives as the use of X-ray screening images report, the trade facilitation programs, as Express Customs Clearance (Blue Line), and performance goals to customs workers can be indicated as trade facilitation measures. The purpose of this research is to analyse the trade facilitation measures impacts on Brazilian Customs in relation to different times which impact the import flow. There are not studies in professional and scientific literature that make a quantitative analysis about these trade facilitation measures on Brazil. Featured by explanatory research method of experimental nature, by discrete-event simulation, was performed a 2^k Complete Factorial Experimental Design. The study object was applied on air import flow in International Airport of Viracopos, Campinas. The data are from TECAPLUS and MANTRA systems and from interviews with experts. During the development of this research, plenty trade international experts were involved, since problem formulation until computational model verification. The reached results in simulation runs show a progressive improvement in simulated system in all performance indicators between status quo and the best performance scenario. The factors contrasts analysis shows: raising enterprises in trade facilitation programs (Blue Line) decreases general average time of customs clearance; using X-ray screening images report improves all performance indicators related to predictability and to customs clearance time of enterprises qualified in Express Customs Clearance; and, performance goals to Federal Revenue auditors contribute to increase system predictability. The reached results point out improvements that may provide competitiveness gains to Brazil / Mestrado / Pesquisa Operacional / Mestre em Pesquisa Operacional

Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2016-06-01T14:12:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Ellen Martins Lopes Da Silva.pdf: 1971538 bytes, checksum: efc5874f81cd876675f899e6b489527a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-01T14:12:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ellen Martins Lopes Da Silva.pdf: 1971538 bytes, checksum: efc5874f81cd876675f899e6b489527a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-25 / In the pharmaceutical industry, research and launching of brand-name or generic pharmacy is the main point in the pattern of industry competition. However, the drug development project involves many processes that interrelate, making their management difficult for the project manager. Despite the existence of methods used in project management, such as CPM, PERT and GANTT chart, these methods have limitations when the couldn't treat appropriately more complex projects, involving stochastic and dynamic interaction of a set of objects, such as people or machines, for example, aimed at a target or logical connection. Other techniques, based on Mathematical Programming, for example, are normally specific used in situations and goals, such as minimizing the end date of a project. Therefore, considering the goal of developing a model to be used with different purposes, discrete-event simulation was adopted in this work. This work presents the construction of a computational model of discrete-event simulation, aimed at the development of generic drug of a pharmaceutical industry, and aims to assist project managers as part of a set of systems to support decision-making. The results of the validation and verification of the model show that the values obtained from the simulation converge with the historical values obtained and with information from the experts. The constructed model has modules that allow estimating the impact of variables on the duration of the project, monitoring the use of system resources making it possible to estimate, from the simulation, the real capacity of the system, the possibility of accepting new projects and the need to acquire new features. / No ramo farmacêutico a pesquisa e lançamento de produtos referência ou genérico é o ponto principal no padrão de competição da indústria. Porém, o projeto de desenvolvimento de medicamentos envolve muitos processos que se inter-relacionam, tornando seu gerenciamento difícil para o gestor de projetos. Apesar da existência de métodos e técnicas muito utilizados no gerenciamento de projetos, como PERT, CPM e gráfico de GANTT, essas abordagens possuem limitações não conseguindo tratar de forma adequada projetos mais complexos, que envolvam a interação dinâmica e estocástica de um conjunto de elementos, como pessoas ou máquinas, por exemplo, visando um objetivo ou propósito lógico. Outras técnicas, baseadas em Programação Matemática, por exemplo, são geralmente utilizadas em situações e objetivos específicos, como por exemplo, minimizar a data de término de um projeto. Assim, considerando o objetivo de desenvolver um modelo para ser usado com diversos propósitos, a simulação de eventos discretos foi adotada neste trabalho. O trabalho apresenta a construção de um modelo computacional de simulação de eventos discretos, voltado para o desenvolvimento de medicamento genérico de uma empresa farmacêutica, e tem por objetivo auxiliar gestores de projeto como parte de um conjunto de sistemas de apoio à tomada de decisão. Os resultados da validação e verificação do modelo demonstram que os valores obtidos por meio da simulação convergem com os valores históricos obtidos e com informações dos especialistas. O modelo construído possui módulos que permitem estimar o impacto das variáveis na duração do projeto, monitorar a utilização dos recursos do sistema possibilitando estimar, a partir da simulação, a real capacidade de atendimento do sistema, a possibilidade de aceitação de novos projetos e eventualmente a necessidade de aquisição de novos recursos.

abstract: The success of genetically-modified T-cells in treating hematological malignancies has accelerated the research timeline for Chimeric Antigen Receptor-T (CAR-T) cell therapy. Since there are only two approved products (Kymriah and Yescarta), the process knowledge is limited. This leads to a low efficiency at manufacturing stage with serious challenges corresponding to high cost and scalability. In addition, the individualized nature of the therapy limits inventory and creates a high risk of product loss due to supply chain failure. The sector needs a new manufacturing paradigm capable of quickly responding to individualized demands while considering complex system dynamics. The research formulates the problem of Chimeric Antigen Receptor-T (CAR-T) manufacturing design, understanding the performance for large scale production of personalized therapies. The solution looks to develop a simulation environment for bio-manufacturing systems with single-use equipment. The result is BioMan: a discrete-event simulation model that considers the role of therapy's individualized nature, type of processing and quality-management policies on process yield and time, while dealing with the available resource constraints simultaneously. The tool will be useful to understand the impact of varying factor inputs on Chimeric Antigen Receptor-T (CAR-T) cell manufacturing and will eventually facilitate the decision-maker to finalize the right strategies achieving better processing, high resource utilization, and less failure rates. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Industrial Engineering 2020

This master’s thesis deals with analysis of state machines for embedded applications. The issue of finite-state machine is described theoretically. The document also contains a proposal for funding for modeling finite state machines in Matlab/Simulink. It is designed data representation of finite automaton. Over this data representation algorithm of minimization is applied. Finally, the algorithm is implemented to generate code in C language.

Diploma thesis is dealing with the possibility of use of discrete event simulations in a production planning. The connection of the work measurement and the production planning is described. The thesis describes the modeling methodology, design and realization of the experiment with the model. The production planning part describes the processing of the data generated from the model, which are further used to demonstrate the planning method and optimization of the production plan.

In this paper, we introduce a framework for the adaptive control of universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS) networks in order to improve bandwidth utilization of the radio channels. The key contribution of the paper constitutes the introduction of a performance management information base for dynamically adjusting the packet scheduler and admission controller. Thus, the adaptive control framework closes the loop between network operation and network control. Furthermore, the adaptive control framework can effectively deal with the different time scales of packet scheduling and admission control. Moreover, we present a traffic model for non-real-time UMTS traffic based on measured trace data. The analysis and scaling process of the measured trace data with respect to different UMTS bandwidth classes constitutes the basic concept of this traffic characterization. Using this traffic model and simulation on the IP level, the gain of employing the adaptive control framework is illustrated by performance curves for various quality of service measures.

In the pursuit of excellence industrial companies are increasingly employing production system development to rationalize their processes. One such approach that has been employed to great extend in the automotive industry is that of introducing modularity to the product design. This shift from integral products to modular ones, is associated with a higher level of standardization of parts and processes. However, researchers are still mapping out this correlation. As the connection between modularity and the recorded effects is still up for discussion, still fewer studies have been made on how to most effectively adopt modularisation. This thesis is therefore a research that explores the relationship between product design and production from a perspective of production system development. It is a collaborative study conducted with a manufacturer of industrial robots that is preparing to transition from an integral product design to a modular one. The case study utilizes discrete – event simulation to model the impact of such a changeover in the production system. Not resulting in a step-by-step how-to guide, the study nevertheless shows that discrete – event simulation can prove to be a valuable asset both when analysing what-if scenarios and when pinpointing pre-emptive measures in order to mitigate any negative disruption such a transition might initially bring.