Heat transfer of two-dimensional, hydrodynamically developed, thermally developing, single phase, laminar flow inside a microtube is studied analytically with constant wall temperature thermal boundary condition. The flow is assumed to be incompressible and thermo-physical properties of the fluid are assumed to be constant. Viscous dissipation and the axial conduction are included in the analysis. Rarefaction effect is imposed to the problem via velocity slip and temperature jump boundary conditions for the slip flow regime. The temperature distribution is determined by solving the energy equation together with the fully developed velocity profile. Analytical solutions are obtained for the temperature distribution and local and fully developed Nusselt number in terms of dimensionless parameters / Peclet number, Knudsen number, Brinkman number, and the parameter &amp / #954 / . The results are verified with the well-known ones from literature.

The experimental research presented in this dissertation aims to develop a new rubber&ndash / based seismic isolator type on the basis of the idea that the damping of a conventional annular elastomeric bearing (EB) can be increased by filling its central core with small diameter steel balls, which dissipate energy via friction inside the confined hole of the bearing during their movements under horizontal loads. The proposed bearing type is called &ldquo / Ball Rubber Bearing (BRB)&rdquo / . A large set of BRBs with different geometrical and material properties are manufactured and tested under reversed cyclic horizontal loading at different vertical compressive load levels. Effect of supplementary confinement in the central hole of the bearing to performance of BRB is studied by performing some additional tests. Test results are used to develop design equations for BRB. A detailed non-linear finite element model is developed to verify the test results. The proposed analytical model is determined to simulate the structural hysteretic behaviour of the bearings. In design of BRBs, the proposed design guideline can be used in conjunction with the proposed non-linear finite element analysis. Extensive test results indicate that steel balls do not only increase the energy dissipation capacity of the elastomeric bearing (EB) but also increase its horizontal and vertical stiffness. It is also observed that the energy dissipation capacity of a BRB does not degrade as the number of loading cycles increases, which indicates remarkably reliable seismic performance.

In this work, a constitutive theory is developed, within the context of continuum mechanics, to describe the creep deformation of single crystal superalloys. The con- stitutive model that is developed here is based on the fact that as bodies deform the stress free state that corresponds to the current configuration (referred to as the "natural configuration", i.e., the configuration that the body would attain on the removal of the external stimuli) evolves. It is assumed that the material possesses an infinity of natural (or stress-free) configurations, the underlying natural configuration of the body changing during the deformation process, with the response of the body being elastic from these evolving natural configurations. It is also assumed that the evolution of the natural configurations is determined by the tendency of the body to undergo a process that maximizes the rate of dissipation. Central to the theory is the prescription of the forms for the stored energy and rate of dissipation functions. The stored energy reflects the fact that the elastic response exhibits cubic symmetry. Consistent with experiments, the elastic response from the natural configuration is assumed to be linearly elastic and the model also takes into account the fact that the symmetry of single crystals does not change with inelastic deformation. An ap- propriate form for the inelastic stored energy (the energy that is `trapped' within dislocation networks) is also utilized based on simple ideas of dislocation motion. In lieu of the absence of any experimental data to corroborate with, the form for the inelastic stored energy is assumed to be isotropic. The rate of dissipation function is chosen to be anisotropic, in that it reflects invariance to transformations that belong to the cubic symmetry group. The rate of dissipation is assumed to be proportional to the density of mobile dislocations and another term that takes into account the damage accumulation due to creep. The model developed herein is used to simulate uniaxial creep of <001>, <111> and <011> oriented single crystal nickel based su- peralloys for a range of temperatures. The predictions of the theory match well with the available experimental data for CMSX-4. The constitutive model is also imple- mented as a User Material (UMAT) in commercial finite element software ABAQUS to enable the analysis of more general problems. The UMAT is validated for simple problems and the numerical scheme based on an implicit backward difference formula works well in that the results match closely with those obtained using a semi-inverse approach.

For the application of 4G wireless communication system, this thesis aims to develop a high-quality-factor and low-power-dissipation suspending micro-inductor using electrochemical deposition and surface micromachining technologies. This research presents three technical points to improve the quality factor and reduce the power dissipation of micro inductor, including (i) to adopt a low resistivity material (copper) as the conducting layer to decrease the Eddy current due to the skin effect and reduce the total series resistance and energy loss, (ii) to utilize a suspending structure to diminish the power loss through the substrate and (iii) to replace the silicon wafer with a high resistance substrate (Corning 7740) to compress effectively the power dissipation in high frequency operation. The implemented suspending micro-inductors were characterized by a commercial network analyzer (Agilent E5071C) under 0.5~20 GHz testing frequency range. All the inductances and quality factors of the micro-inductors proposed in this thesis are extracted by the Agilent ADS software. The optimized value of the quality factor is around to 24.9 and the corresponding inductance is equal to 5.43 nH .

Nous avons mesuré la durée de vie de l'etat supraconducteur d'une jonction Josephson<br />polarisée en courant et shuntée par un circuit microonde se comportant comme une ligne à echos electromagnetiques. En faisant varier in situ la longueur de cette ligne, nous pouvons ajuster le temps d'aller-retour de ces echos. A basse température (T=20mK), la jonction transite hors de l'état supraconducteur par effet tunnel quantique macroscopique. Nous montrons que cet effet tunnel est fortement attenué si le temps d'aller-retour des<br />échos est inférieur à un nouveau temps caractéristique de l'effet tunnel, différent du temps de vie. Nous interprétons ce nouveau temps caracteristique comme le temps moyen passé par la particule sous la barrière de potentiel lors de sa sortie du puits. A plus haute<br />température (T=1K), la jonction transite hors de l'état supraconducteur par activation thermique. Dans ce regime, le taux de sortie varie de façon oscillatoire en fonction de la longueur de la ligne. Nous interprétons ce phenomène comme la manifestation des oscillations<br />effectuées par la différence de phase de la jonction dans l'état supraconducteur juste avant la transition vers l'état dissipatif, ces oscillations etant entretenues par les fluctuations thermiques.

Cette thèse aborde le domaine de la protection passive contre les chutes de blocs rocheux. L'objectif est d'étudier un ouvrage composite dissipatif de protection : l'ouvrage sandwich. Il est composé d'une dalle en béton armé qui a pour rôle de répartir l'effort d'impact sur une deuxième couche composée de grave insérée dans des chaussettes de géotextile extensible contenues dans des colonnes de pneus de voitures usagés. Une campagne expérimentale de lâchers de blocs à l'échelle de l'ouvrage est réalisée dans le but de mesurer les efforts transmis par l'ouvrage pour des énergies cinétiques allant jusqu'à 90 kJ. L'ouvrage sandwich est bien adapté pour des énergies de 50 à 100 kJ. Pour des énergies supérieures, le double sandwich (superposition de 2 sandwichs simples) paraît mieux adapté pour diminuer l'intensité de la force transmise en améliorant l'effet de dissipation par une meilleure répartition de la charge d'impact. En parallèle, des simulations numériques grâce à la méthode des éléments discrets, et plus particulièrement le code SDEC, sont menées. Une procédure de calage des paramètres locaux est proposée pour simuler le comportement de l'ouvrage sandwich sous impact. Les paramètres élastiques et plastiques sont calés à partir d'essais quasi-statiques triaxiaux ou de compression simple. De plus, une loi de transfert de moment est ajoutée pour augmenter le frottement entre les grains ou pour modéliser la flexion de la dalle en béton armé ce qui permet de représenter le comportement de l'ouvrage pour une gamme d'énergie allant jusqu'à 45 kJ.

Reproduction de : Thèse de doctorat : Génie électrique : Toulouse, INPT : 2006. / Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr. 58 réf. Sites internet 8 réf. Brevets 6 réf.

Reproduction de : Habilitation à diriger des recherches : Sciences mathématiques : Lille 1 : 2006. / N° d'ordre (Lille 1) : 548. Titre provenant de la page de titre du document numérisé. Bibliogr. à la suite des chapitres.

As CMOS scaling faces a technological barrier in the near future, novel design paradigms are being proposed to keep up with the ever growing need for computation power and speed. Most of these novel technologies have device sizes comparable to atomic and molecular scales. At these levels the quantum mechanical effects play a dominant role in device performance, thus inducing uncertainty. The wave nature of particle matter and the uncertainty associated with device operation make a case for probabilistic modeling of the device. As the dimensions go down to a molecular scale, functioning of a nano-device will be governed primarily by the atomic level device physics. Modeling a device at such a small scale will require taking into account the quantum mechanical phenomenon inherent to the device. In this dissertation, we studied one such nano-device: Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata (QCA). We used probabilistic modeling to perform a fast approximation based method to estimate error, power and reliability in large QCA circuits. First, we associate the quantum mechanical probabilities associated with each QCA cell to design and build a probabilistic Bayesian network. Our proposed modeling is derived from density matrix-based quantum modeling, and it takes into account dependency patterns induced by clocking. Our modeling scheme is orders of magnitude faster than the coherent vector simulation method that uses quantum mechanical simulations. Furthermore, our output node polarization values match those obtained from the state of the art simulations. Second, we use this model to approximate power dissipated in a QCA circuit during a non-adiabatic switching event and also to isolate the thermal hotspots in a design. Third, we also use a hierarchical probabilistic macromodeling scheme to model QCA designs at circuit level to isolate weak spots early in the design process. It can also be used to compare two functionally equivalent logic designs without performing the expensive quantum mechanical simulations. Finally, we perform optimization studies on different QCA layouts by analyzing the designs for error and power over a range of kink energies.To the best of our knowledge the non-adiabatic power model presented in this dissertation is the first work that uses abrupt clocking scheme to estimate realistic power dissipation. All prior works used quasi-adiabatic power dissipation models. The hierarchical macromodel design is also the first work in QCA design that uses circuit level modeling and is faithful to the underlying layout level design. The effect of kink energy to study power-error tradeoffs will be of great use to circuit designers and fabrication scientists in choosing the most suitable design parameters such as cell size and grid spacing.

Kyoto University (京都大学) / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第18977号 / 工博第4019号 / 新制||工||1619 / 31928 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科建築学専攻 / (主査)教授 中島 正愛, 教授 金子 佳生, 教授 吹田 啓一郎 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当