The Additive Manufacturing (AM) technology, known as 3D printing, is regarded as the ‘next generation of manufacturing’. It is classified as a disruptive technology and AM has attracted scholars worldwide and received extensive attention in various industries, which is significantly changing the way we design, produce, distribute and consume. This paper reviews how the AM development can be explained as a process of technological transition from a radical technological innovation to a social level technology, through integrating the technological innovation and the multilevel perspective (MLP) theories. In this way, we present a conceptual framework that provides a foundation for discussing AM trajectory and discover a development prediction of AM technology in the lens of MLP theoretical perspective. Secondly, the paper elaborates how AM is impacting businesses within the scope of open innovation through a case study on Adidas, to provide empirical support for similar industrial players to better predict the innovation trajectory through AM applications.

Technological revolutions have occurred for markets and industries since the rise of organized communities and societies. In the past few years a technological revolution has been in process with the growth of digitalized markets. This has resulted in a shift of analog business becoming digitalized. Digitization is a structural change for industries and the Swedish economy is affected by it. This put a demand on many industries to adapt digitalized techniques, in order to stay competitive and survive this technical shift. Adapting to a technical revolution puts pressure on the business strategies and requires companies to model new ones. With the digitization, new requirements have arisen for companies to create new business models, value chains and ways of organizing activities, in order to manage the business strategies. Digitization has been seen to change innovation processes and some experts believe it will change whole markets. The accounting industry is one of the industries that has been seen to have a growth in digitalization and is expected to grow even more. The accounting industry is like many other industries are experiencing the need for a change due to digital technologies. Therefore, this study aims to investigate how digital accounting businesses could set up a general business model, in order to be a successfully digitalized business. This has been conducted through a multiple case study, with the aim to provide generalized findings of business model elements and barriers/facilitators for digitalization affecting the business model. The multiple case studies has been conducted through interviews with different accounting companies, that market themselves as digitalized actors. The findings of the research indicate that digitalization had a direct affect on how companies should strategically organize a business. Many of the implications on digitalized accounting will have direct impact on strategies, actions and processes. The digitalization will require company cultures, which are digitalization friendly. Some of the found results are: digitization will give accounting companies digital accounting tools, knowledge sharing and communication channels. It will put pressure on employees for having different knowledge than analogue businesses and more expertise skills. Digitalization it is estimated to affect the offerings provided to customers. The digitalization is also most likely to have key partners, targeted customer segment, cost structure and revenue streams specific for being digitalized. Digitalization of the accounting industry is likely to change the market from being a supplier driven to becoming demand driven and new actors with less accounting knowledge could get a opening for entering the market. And there are many barriers and a few facilitators for being a digitalized accounting business. This has been taken in consideration when mapping a general business model for a digital accounting firm in this report.

An exploration of Harriet Beecher Stowe's The Minister's Wooing as viewed through the lens of performance studies and domesticity. Previous tales of fallen women, both in novels and operatic form, deprived the coquette of the agency to change her societally determined route of personal destruction as previously shown in the studies of Catherine Clément. Stowe's unique tale of a French coquette overturns the typical plot of the fallen woman, as demonstrated in Hannah Webster Foster's The Coquette, by giving the coquette agency to redeem herself through key performative, domestic and, according to Judith Butler, transformative acts. Such treatment of this character made Stowe a forerunner in sexual equality.

<p>Syftet med denna uppsats var att kartlägga de projekt för elektronisk publicering, där forskningsbiblioteken är inblandade. Detta genomfördes genom en studie över vad det är som styr utvecklingen av alternativa publiceringssystem. Det var både svenska och utländska projekt som undersöktes, fast tonvikten lades på situationen i Sverige och det nystartade DiVA-projektet. DiVA-projektet är ett projekt som bygger upp ett gemensamt biblioteksarkiv för vetenskapliga dokument, där man inledningsvis e-publicerar avhandlingar. Forskningsbiblioteken antar i dessa projekt en ny roll, den som förläggare av lärosätenas vetenskapliga information. Undersökningen gjordes dels genom en analys av artiklar, debatter o.d. om DiVA-projektet, dels genom en kvalitativ intervju med den ansvarige för DiVA-projektet vid Umeå universitet och dels genom en analys av artiklar, debatter o.d. om andra projekt för elektronisk publicering. Resultatet visade att det är forskarnas värderingar samt organisatoriska, tekniska och ekonomiska styrmedel, som är tänkbara orsaker till initieringen av projekten och utvecklingen av alternativa publiceringssystem. Forskarsamhällets värderingar för en fullgod vetenskaplig kommunikation, definierade av Robert K. Merton, säger att forskaren utan baktankar ska sprida sina dokument och få dem kritiskt granskade. Forskarsamhället i stort menar emellertid att de alternativa publiceringssystemen som finns brister i beständighet, tillgänglighet och tillförlitlighet. Därför fungerar inte den vetenskapliga kommunikationen som den ska. Detta tvingar mer eller mindre fram utvecklingen av alternativa publiceringssystem och forskningsbiblioteken måste ta sitt ansvar för att bidra till en lösning på problemen. Internet underlättar utvecklingen, i och med att informationssamhället mer och mer utvecklas till ett nätverkssamhälle, något som Manuel Castells poängterar. Nätverksorganisationer kan enligt Castells skapas, som tillsammans kan utveckla mer tekniskt utvecklade alternativa publiceringssystem och på samma gång sänka kostnaderna för spridningen och bevarandet av vetenskaplig information. Av de fyra drivkrafterna bakom utvecklingen av alternativa publiceringssystem verkar den ekonomiska drivkraften vara den allra starkaste ur forskningsbibliotekens synvinkel, eftersom dessa har mycket att vinna ekonomiskt genom denna utveckling och är därför mycket aktiva i utvecklingsarbetet.</p>

Syftet med denna uppsats var att kartlägga de projekt för elektronisk publicering, där forskningsbiblioteken är inblandade. Detta genomfördes genom en studie över vad det är som styr utvecklingen av alternativa publiceringssystem. Det var både svenska och utländska projekt som undersöktes, fast tonvikten lades på situationen i Sverige och det nystartade DiVA-projektet. DiVA-projektet är ett projekt som bygger upp ett gemensamt biblioteksarkiv för vetenskapliga dokument, där man inledningsvis e-publicerar avhandlingar. Forskningsbiblioteken antar i dessa projekt en ny roll, den som förläggare av lärosätenas vetenskapliga information. Undersökningen gjordes dels genom en analys av artiklar, debatter o.d. om DiVA-projektet, dels genom en kvalitativ intervju med den ansvarige för DiVA-projektet vid Umeå universitet och dels genom en analys av artiklar, debatter o.d. om andra projekt för elektronisk publicering. Resultatet visade att det är forskarnas värderingar samt organisatoriska, tekniska och ekonomiska styrmedel, som är tänkbara orsaker till initieringen av projekten och utvecklingen av alternativa publiceringssystem. Forskarsamhällets värderingar för en fullgod vetenskaplig kommunikation, definierade av Robert K. Merton, säger att forskaren utan baktankar ska sprida sina dokument och få dem kritiskt granskade. Forskarsamhället i stort menar emellertid att de alternativa publiceringssystemen som finns brister i beständighet, tillgänglighet och tillförlitlighet. Därför fungerar inte den vetenskapliga kommunikationen som den ska. Detta tvingar mer eller mindre fram utvecklingen av alternativa publiceringssystem och forskningsbiblioteken måste ta sitt ansvar för att bidra till en lösning på problemen. Internet underlättar utvecklingen, i och med att informationssamhället mer och mer utvecklas till ett nätverkssamhälle, något som Manuel Castells poängterar. Nätverksorganisationer kan enligt Castells skapas, som tillsammans kan utveckla mer tekniskt utvecklade alternativa publiceringssystem och på samma gång sänka kostnaderna för spridningen och bevarandet av vetenskaplig information. Av de fyra drivkrafterna bakom utvecklingen av alternativa publiceringssystem verkar den ekonomiska drivkraften vara den allra starkaste ur forskningsbibliotekens synvinkel, eftersom dessa har mycket att vinna ekonomiskt genom denna utveckling och är därför mycket aktiva i utvecklingsarbetet.

The purpose of the research presented here was to systematically investigate the role of speech perception on speech production in speakers of different ages and those with PD and hypokinetic dysarthria. For this, the experimental designs of auditory perturbation and mimicry were chosen. The initial research phase established that the magnitude of compensation to auditory vowel perturbation was reduced in 54 speakers of New Zealand English (NZE) when compared to previous studies conducted with speakers of American (AE) and Canadian English (CE). A number of factors were studied to determine possible predictors of compensation and distinguish between potential changes associated with ageing. However, no predictors of compensation were found for the overall group. Post-hoc analyses established an increased variability in response patterns in NZE when compared to previous studies of AE and CE. Subsequent follow-up analyses focused on the response-dependent categories of (1) big compensators, (2) compensators, (3) big followers, and (4) followers. Linear mixed-effect modelling revealed that in big compensators, the magnitude of compensation was greater in speakers who exhibited larger F1 baseline standard deviation and greater F1 vowel distances of HEAD relative to HEED and HAD. F1 baseline standard deviation was found to have a similar predictive value for the group of compensators. No predictors of compensation were found for the other two subgroups. Phase two was set up as a continuation of phase one and examined whether a subset of 16 speakers classified as big compensators adapted to auditory vowel perturbation. Linear mixed-effect modelling revealed that in the absence of auditory feedback alterations, big compensators maintained their revised speech motor commands for a short period of time until a process of de-adaptation was initiated. No predictors of adaptation were found for the group. Due to the unexpected results from the first two research phases indicating a dominant weighting of somatosensory feedback in NZE compared to auditory-perceptual influences, a different experimental paradigm was selected for phase three - mimicry. The purpose of this study was to determine whether eight speakers with PD and dysarthria and eight age-matched healthy controls (HC) are able to effectively integrate speech perception and speech production when attempting to match an acoustic target. Results revealed that all speakers were able to modify their speech production to approximate the model speaker but the acoustic dimensions of their speech did not move significantly closer to the target over the three mimicry attempts. Although speakers with moderate levels of dysarthria exhibited greater acoustic distances (except for the dimension of pitch variation), neither the perceptual nor the acoustic analyses found significant differences in mimicry behaviour across the two groups. Overall, these findings were considered preliminary evidence that speech perception and speech production can at least to some extent be effectively integrated to induce error-correction mechanisms and subsequent speech motor learning in these speakers with PD and dysarthria.

abstract: Studies in Second Language Acquisition and Neurolinguistics have argued that adult learners when dealing with certain phonological features of L2, such as segmental and suprasegmental ones, face problems of articulatory placement (Esling, 2006; Abercrombie, 1967) and somatosensory stimulation (Guenther, Ghosh, & Tourville, 2006; Waldron, 2010). These studies have argued that adult phonological acquisition is a complex matter that needs to be informed by a specialized sensorimotor theory of speech acquisition. They further suggested that traditional pronunciation pedagogy needs to be enhanced by an approach to learning offering learners fundamental and practical sensorimotor tools to advance the quality of L2 speech acquisition. This foundational study designs a sensorimotor approach to pronunciation pedagogy and tests its effect on the L2 speech of five adult (late) learners of American English. Throughout an eight week classroom experiment, participants from different first language backgrounds received instruction on Articulatory Settings (Honickman, 1964) and the sensorimotor mechanism of speech acquisition (Waldron 2010; Guenther et al., 2006). In addition, they attended five adapted lessons of the Feldenkrais technique (Feldenkrais, 1972) designed to develop sensorimotor awareness of the vocal apparatus and improve the quality of L2 speech movement. I hypothesize that such sensorimotor learning triggers overall positive changes in the way L2 learners deal with speech articulators for L2 and that over time they develop better pronunciation. After approximately eight hours of intervention, analysis of results shows participants’ improvement in speech rate, degree of accentedness, and speaking confidence, but mixed changes in word intelligibility and vowel space area. Albeit not statistically significant (p >.05), these results suggest that such a sensorimotor approach to L2 phonological acquisition warrants further consideration and investigation for use in the L2 classroom. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation English 2015

Summary: The thesis comprises from the introduction and five main parts: three of them are published papers, the rest two are manuscripts prepared for submitting to the scientific journals. The first two are published phylogenetic studies of the cichlasomatine cichlids based on (1) molecular characters, and (2) both morphological and molecular data with the description of a new genus Andinoacara. The third (3) is the already published description of the new species Andinoacara stalsbergi from Peru combining both morphological and phylogenetic approaches and including the detailed phylogeny of the genus Andinoacara. The next unpublished manuscript (4) is the more detailed comprehensive phylogeography of the two non-relative genera (including Andinoacaras) of the trans-Andean cichlids. Including all valid species from the majority of their distribution areas it was reconstructed the ancestral area of both genera in the Choco region, Colombia, and revealed the directions of their distribution spreading. The last (5) unpublished manuscript is the phylogeographical study of the cichlid genus Serranochromis from the headwaters of the totally unknown Central Angola. It showed several evidences of the faunal exchange among the adjacent river systems. Lastly, the thesis is supplemented by several appendices...

Recent queer scholarship challenges the academy’s longstanding urban and adult oriented trajectory, pointing to the way such studies ignore rural and heartland regions of the country as well as the experiences of youth. In this thesis, I craft a limited ethnographic methodological approach together with a textual analysis of The Oprah Winfrey Show to deliver portraits of gay men living in various rural or heartland areas who use their television sets to encounter and identify with LGBTQ people across the nation. The overarching aim of this project is to explore the ways in which religion, rurality, and Oprah coalesce in the process of identity creation to form rural gay men’s conceptual selves and how they are then informed by that identity formation. I will focus my textual analyses through the frames of six of Oprah Winfrey’s “ultimate viewers” to elucidate how they receive and interact with her star text, how they use television sets in the public rooms of their homes to create boundary public spheres, and how they are impacted by the show’s various uses of the coming out paradigm. In so doing, this thesis seeks to contribute to the scholarship of rural queer studies, television studies, and Oprah studies. / text

A febre aftosa é causada por um vírus do gênero Aphtovirus, cujas proteínas não estruturais (PNE) estão relacionadas diretamente a replicação viral e são comuns a todos os sorotipos e, portanto, são mais adequadas à pesquisa de anticorpos contra este vírus. Métodos de diagnóstico capazes de diferenciar animais infectados de vacinados aliados ao uso de vacinas purificadas quanto à PNE são imprescindíveis na estratégia para comprovação de ausência de transmissão viral. Através da Instrução Normativa nº 50/2008, o Brasil passou a realizar o controle oficial da pureza nas vacinas contra a febre aftosa. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar se as chances de encontrar bovinos reativos aos testes sorológicos serão maiores antes da implantação do controle oficial, tanto nos resultados do controle oficial das vacinas, quanto nos inquéritos. Para isto, foram utilizados modelos de regressão logística com efeitos aleatórios, interações e controle de possíveis confundidores. Os resultados demonstraram que no realizado em laboratório oficial em 1016 partidas de vacinas, observou-se que a chance de ocorrência de resultados reativos antes da implantação da norma utilizando o método de triagem ELISA 3ABC NCPanaftosa foi 2,86 (IC95%,1,92-4,14) vezes a chance de ocorrência nos testes de vacina feitos após a norma, utilizando-se o mesmo método de triagem. Já a chance de resultados reativos antes da norma, utilizando-se o método NCPanaftosa, foi 19,70 (IC 95%,8,55- 45,37) vezes a chance de ocorrência após a norma com o uso do método PrioCHECK como triagem Já, a partir da comparação entre inquéritos soroepidemiológicos, foi possível observar que antes da implantação da IN50/2008 a chance de ocorrência de resultados reativos em bovinos que receberam uma dose de vacina foi 2,22 (IC 95%, 1,22-4,06) vezes a chance da ocorrência em bovinos não vacinados. Já, a chance de ocorrência de resultados reativos em bovinos que receberam duas ou três vacinas foi 5,94 (IC 95%, 3,25-10,87) vezes a de bovinos não vacinados. Nas estimativas modeladas para os inquéritos soroepidemiológicos realizados após a implantação da norma, independentemente do método de triagem utilizado, não houve associação significativa entre diferentes doses de vacinas e a ocorrência de animais reativos. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que há uma associação do controle oficial com a melhoria da produção de vacinas no que diz respeito a purificação do antígeno, assim como, indicam que a melhoria na pureza está associada à diminuição na chance de ocorrência de bovinos reativos em inquéritos soroepidemiológicos, ou seja, redução nos falso-positivos a campo. / Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious disease caused by an Aphtovirus. Non-structural proteins (NSP) of this virus are directly related to viral replication and are common to all serotypes. Therefore, are more suitable for antibodies-based serological diagnosis. Diagnostic methods capable of differentiating infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA) are important surveillance tools; however, strategies should be in step with the development of vaccines. Since January 2009, the Brazilian government has been conducting an official control to evaluate NSP purity in vaccines production through the Normative Instruction No. 50 from 2008. This paper evaluates the situation of the vaccines produced in Brazil regarding NSP purification based on the results of the official control carried out by MAPA, as well as the adequacy of the surveillance system based on seroepidemiological surveys. Logistic regression with random effects, interactions and control for potential confounders were the chosen models. For the data obtained from the control of vaccines carried out in the official laboratory, the model estimated that the chance of occurrence of seroreactive results before the application of the official control using the 3ABC NCPanaftosa ELISA as screening method was 2.86 (95% CI, 1.92-4.14) times the chance of occurrence in the vaccine tests made after the standard, using the same method. The chance of seroreactive results before the official control, using the NCPanaftosa method as screening, was 19.70 (95% CI, 8.55 to 45.37) times the chance of occurrence after the official control with the use of the PrioCHECK method Comparing the seroepidemiological surveys results, the model indicated that, before the official control of vaccine purity, the chance of occurrence of reactive results in cattle receiving a single dose of vaccine was 2.22 (95% CI, 1.22 -4.06) times the chance of occurrence in unvaccinated animals. Furthermore, the chance of occurrence of reactive results in animals receiving two or three vaccines was 5.94 (95% CI, 3.25-10.87) times that of unvaccinated animals. Despite that, there was no significant difference in the estimates of the odds ratio between different doses of vaccines regardless of the screening method used for the seroepidemiological surveys performed after the official control of vaccines purity,. The present study suggests that there is an association of the implementation of Normative Instruction No. 50 from 2008 with the improvement of the NSP purity of vaccines, as well as indicates that this improvement is associated with a decrease in chance of occurrence of reactive animals in seroepidemiological surveys, i.e., reduction of false-positives in field monitoring.