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This thesis describes techniques for defining independent tasks in Java programs forparallelization. Existing Java parallelization APIs like JOMP, Parallel Java,Deterministic Parallel Java, JConqurr and JaMP are discussed. We have seen that JaMPis an implementation of OpenMP for Java, and it has a set of OpenMP directives andruntime library functions. We have discussed that JaMP has source to byte codecompiler, and it does not help in debugging the parallel source codes. There is no designtime syntax checking support of JaMP directives, and we know about mistakes onlywhen we compile the source code with JaMP compiler. So we have decided tocontribute JaMP with adding an option in the compiler to get parallel source code. Wehave created an eclipse plug-in to support design time syntax checking of JaMPdirectives too. It also helps the programmers to get quickly parallel source code withjust one click instead of using shell commands with JaMP compiler.

Nesta dissertação de mestrado, buscou-se estabelecer se a diplomacia japonesa estaria em um processo de mudança no século XXI, abrindo mão dos princípios das doutrinas Yoshida e Fukuda, que regeram a política externa desde o Pós-Segunda Guerra Mundial, e indo em direção à elaboração de uma nova doutrina. Para tanto, utilizando o marco teórico de Putnam (1988), foram analisadas não somente as agendas de política externa dos governos japoneses dos anos 2000, como também os condicionamentos internos e externos presentes em cada um deles, permitindo-se verificar o quanto os partidos políticos e seus gabinetes conseguiram aplicar os seus projetos na área diplomática. No âmbito interno, a mudança no processo de elaboração de política externa, através da quebra do sistema do triângulo de ferro, sendo substituído pela centralização de poder decisório nos partidos políticos e na Dieta, o parlamento japonês indica que o Japão está sob uma alteração de sua Doutrina diplomática. Já quanto aos fatores externos, a Crise Asiática, a crise financeira de 2008 e o militarismo de China e Coreia do Norte tiveram papel fundamental para que o Japão realizasse mudanças nos seus esforços para adotar um papel mais proativo na Ásia, quebrando o histórico de minimalismo diplomático presente na Doutrina Yoshida. Ainda assim o país não conseguiu reestruturar os termos da aliança político-securitária com os Estados Unidos e não foi bem sucedido em angariar apoio público para a realização de mudanças no papel político-militar do país. A dificuldade da diplomacia japonesa em encontrar alternativas ao sistema de segurança norte-americano e de enfrentar situações de instabilidade política interna e regional fez com que a proximidade com os Estados Unidos fosse mantida como pedra angular de política externa. / This master degree's thesis seeks to establish whether the Japanese diplomacy would be in a process of change in the 21st century, by giving up on the principles of the Yoshida and Fukuda doctrines, which have determined Japan's foreign policy since the end of World War II, and heading towards the creation of a new doctrine. In order to answer this question, by using the theoretical contribution of Putnam (1988), not only were the foreign policy agendas of the Japanese governments thorough the 2000's decade analyzed, but also the domestic and external conditionings present in each of them, which helped verifying in which extent political parties and their cabinets were successful in applying their own diplomatic projects. In the domestic level, the change in the process of making foreign policy, through the end of the Iron Triangle system and its substitution by the centralization of decision power in the political parties and the Japanese Diet, indicates that Japan is under an alteration of its diplomatic doctrine. In the external level, the 1997 Asian financial crisis, the 2008 financial crisis and the militarism displayed by North Korea and China had an essential role in so that Japan would make changes in its efforts to adopt a more proactive political position in Asia, breaking the concept of diplomatic minimalism of the Yoshida Doctrine. Nevertheless, the country was unable to restructure the terms of the political and security alliance with the United States, and was also unsuccessful in harnessing public support to change the country's political and military role. The difficulty of finding alternatives to the North American security system and facing regional and domestic stability resulted in the decision of keeping the proximity with the United States as a cornerstone of Japan's foreign policy.

Nesta dissertação de mestrado, buscou-se estabelecer se a diplomacia japonesa estaria em um processo de mudança no século XXI, abrindo mão dos princípios das doutrinas Yoshida e Fukuda, que regeram a política externa desde o Pós-Segunda Guerra Mundial, e indo em direção à elaboração de uma nova doutrina. Para tanto, utilizando o marco teórico de Putnam (1988), foram analisadas não somente as agendas de política externa dos governos japoneses dos anos 2000, como também os condicionamentos internos e externos presentes em cada um deles, permitindo-se verificar o quanto os partidos políticos e seus gabinetes conseguiram aplicar os seus projetos na área diplomática. No âmbito interno, a mudança no processo de elaboração de política externa, através da quebra do sistema do triângulo de ferro, sendo substituído pela centralização de poder decisório nos partidos políticos e na Dieta, o parlamento japonês indica que o Japão está sob uma alteração de sua Doutrina diplomática. Já quanto aos fatores externos, a Crise Asiática, a crise financeira de 2008 e o militarismo de China e Coreia do Norte tiveram papel fundamental para que o Japão realizasse mudanças nos seus esforços para adotar um papel mais proativo na Ásia, quebrando o histórico de minimalismo diplomático presente na Doutrina Yoshida. Ainda assim o país não conseguiu reestruturar os termos da aliança político-securitária com os Estados Unidos e não foi bem sucedido em angariar apoio público para a realização de mudanças no papel político-militar do país. A dificuldade da diplomacia japonesa em encontrar alternativas ao sistema de segurança norte-americano e de enfrentar situações de instabilidade política interna e regional fez com que a proximidade com os Estados Unidos fosse mantida como pedra angular de política externa. / This master degree's thesis seeks to establish whether the Japanese diplomacy would be in a process of change in the 21st century, by giving up on the principles of the Yoshida and Fukuda doctrines, which have determined Japan's foreign policy since the end of World War II, and heading towards the creation of a new doctrine. In order to answer this question, by using the theoretical contribution of Putnam (1988), not only were the foreign policy agendas of the Japanese governments thorough the 2000's decade analyzed, but also the domestic and external conditionings present in each of them, which helped verifying in which extent political parties and their cabinets were successful in applying their own diplomatic projects. In the domestic level, the change in the process of making foreign policy, through the end of the Iron Triangle system and its substitution by the centralization of decision power in the political parties and the Japanese Diet, indicates that Japan is under an alteration of its diplomatic doctrine. In the external level, the 1997 Asian financial crisis, the 2008 financial crisis and the militarism displayed by North Korea and China had an essential role in so that Japan would make changes in its efforts to adopt a more proactive political position in Asia, breaking the concept of diplomatic minimalism of the Yoshida Doctrine. Nevertheless, the country was unable to restructure the terms of the political and security alliance with the United States, and was also unsuccessful in harnessing public support to change the country's political and military role. The difficulty of finding alternatives to the North American security system and facing regional and domestic stability resulted in the decision of keeping the proximity with the United States as a cornerstone of Japan's foreign policy.

Nesta dissertação de mestrado, buscou-se estabelecer se a diplomacia japonesa estaria em um processo de mudança no século XXI, abrindo mão dos princípios das doutrinas Yoshida e Fukuda, que regeram a política externa desde o Pós-Segunda Guerra Mundial, e indo em direção à elaboração de uma nova doutrina. Para tanto, utilizando o marco teórico de Putnam (1988), foram analisadas não somente as agendas de política externa dos governos japoneses dos anos 2000, como também os condicionamentos internos e externos presentes em cada um deles, permitindo-se verificar o quanto os partidos políticos e seus gabinetes conseguiram aplicar os seus projetos na área diplomática. No âmbito interno, a mudança no processo de elaboração de política externa, através da quebra do sistema do triângulo de ferro, sendo substituído pela centralização de poder decisório nos partidos políticos e na Dieta, o parlamento japonês indica que o Japão está sob uma alteração de sua Doutrina diplomática. Já quanto aos fatores externos, a Crise Asiática, a crise financeira de 2008 e o militarismo de China e Coreia do Norte tiveram papel fundamental para que o Japão realizasse mudanças nos seus esforços para adotar um papel mais proativo na Ásia, quebrando o histórico de minimalismo diplomático presente na Doutrina Yoshida. Ainda assim o país não conseguiu reestruturar os termos da aliança político-securitária com os Estados Unidos e não foi bem sucedido em angariar apoio público para a realização de mudanças no papel político-militar do país. A dificuldade da diplomacia japonesa em encontrar alternativas ao sistema de segurança norte-americano e de enfrentar situações de instabilidade política interna e regional fez com que a proximidade com os Estados Unidos fosse mantida como pedra angular de política externa. / This master degree's thesis seeks to establish whether the Japanese diplomacy would be in a process of change in the 21st century, by giving up on the principles of the Yoshida and Fukuda doctrines, which have determined Japan's foreign policy since the end of World War II, and heading towards the creation of a new doctrine. In order to answer this question, by using the theoretical contribution of Putnam (1988), not only were the foreign policy agendas of the Japanese governments thorough the 2000's decade analyzed, but also the domestic and external conditionings present in each of them, which helped verifying in which extent political parties and their cabinets were successful in applying their own diplomatic projects. In the domestic level, the change in the process of making foreign policy, through the end of the Iron Triangle system and its substitution by the centralization of decision power in the political parties and the Japanese Diet, indicates that Japan is under an alteration of its diplomatic doctrine. In the external level, the 1997 Asian financial crisis, the 2008 financial crisis and the militarism displayed by North Korea and China had an essential role in so that Japan would make changes in its efforts to adopt a more proactive political position in Asia, breaking the concept of diplomatic minimalism of the Yoshida Doctrine. Nevertheless, the country was unable to restructure the terms of the political and security alliance with the United States, and was also unsuccessful in harnessing public support to change the country's political and military role. The difficulty of finding alternatives to the North American security system and facing regional and domestic stability resulted in the decision of keeping the proximity with the United States as a cornerstone of Japan's foreign policy.

Une proportion significative de mères d’enfants pris en charge par la protection de la jeunesse souffrirait d’un trouble de personnalité limite (TPL). En effet, les difficultés parentales associées à ce trouble prédisposent davantage à des situations d’abus ou de négligence envers leurs enfants. Cependant, il existe peu d’information sur les difficultés et les besoins de ces mères dans ce contexte particulier. Cette étude qualitative a été réalisée auprès de 30 mères avec un TPL et dont au moins un enfant était suivi par le Centre jeunesse de Montréal-Institut universitaire. La présente étude a permis de mieux décrire les difficultés des mères en lien avec leur TPL, leurs enfants et leur situation conjugale. Leurs expériences des services en protection de la jeunesse ont révélé des suivis instables et peu adaptés à leurs difficultés. Les mères ont abordé l’importance des qualités relationnelles des intervenants à l’établissement d’une collaboration de la part des intervenants et l’importance de mettre en place des services spécifiquement dédiés aux parents. Il semblerait pertinent d’adapter les services de protection de la jeunesse afin d’inclure des interventions qui ciblent les difficultés spécifiques des parents qui ont un TPL, notamment en ce qui a trait à leurs habiletés parentales. / A significant proportion of mothers who have children in the care of the Youth Protection Services have borderline personality disorder (BPD). However, there is very little information on the needs and difficulties of these mothers in this special context. This qualitative study was conducted among 30 mothers who have BPD and who have at least one child followed by Centre jeunesse de Montréal-Institut universitaire, a Youth Protection Service. The study provided a description of the difficulties those mothers have associated with their personality disorder, their children and their couple relationship. Their experiences of services offered by Youth Protection suggested that the follow up received were unstable and not suitable for their difficulties and their needs. Mothers have addressed the importance of interpersonal skills of caseworkers to develop better collaboration and the importance of putting in place specifically dedicated services to parents. It would appear pertinent to adapt Youth Protection Services in order to include interventions that target the specific difficulties of parents with BPD, notably regarding parenting skills.