Thesis (M.S.)--East Carolina University, 2009. / Presented to the faculty the Department of Occupational Therapy. Advisor: Anne Dickerson. Assessing the Risk of IADL Tasks from the Perspective of Medically-at-risk Older Adults and their Caregivers. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2000. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 152-170).

Article / PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence of disability in Peru, explore dependency on caregiver's assistance and assess access to rehabilitation care. METHOD: Data from Disability National Survey (ENEDIS), including urban and rural areas, were analyzed. Disability was defined as a permanent limitation on movement, vision, communication, hearing, learning/remembering or social relationships. Dependency was defined as the self-reported need for a caregiver to help with daily activities; and access to rehabilitation care was defined as the self-report of any therapy for disabilities. Estimates and projections were calculated using sample strata, primary sampling units and population weights, and prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95%CI were reported. RESULTS: From 798 308 people screened, 37 524 (5.1%; 95%CI 4.9--5.2%) had at least one disability. A total of 37 117 were included in further analysis, mean age 57.8 (SD ± 24.1) years, 52.1% women. Dependency was self-reported by 14 980 (40.5%; 95%CI: 39.2-41.9%) individuals with disabilities. A family member, usually female, was identified as a caregiver in 94.3% (95%CI: 93.3-95.3%) of dependent participants. Only 2881 (10.7%; 95%CI: 9.7-11.9%) of people with disabilities reported access to rehabilitation care. Major inequality patterns of disability burden versus access to rehabilitation care were observed by age and education level. Older age groups had higher disability burden yet lower chances of access to rehabilitation care. Conversely, the higher the education level, the lesser the overall disability burden but also the higher chances of reporting receiving care. Private healthcare insurance doubled the probability of having access to rehabilitation compared with those without insurance. CONCLUSIONS: Approximately 1.6 million Peruvians have at least one disability, and 40% of them require assistance with daily activities. Informal caregiving, likely female and relative-provided, is highly common. Rehabilitation care access is low and inequitable. Our results signal a major need to implement strategies to guarantee the highest standard of health care for people with disabilities. Implications for Rehabilitation Major inequality patterns in terms of burden of disability versus access to rehabilitation care were observed: those groups who concentrate more disability reported receiving less rehabilitation care. Caregiving is mostly informal and provided by a direct relative, mainly a woman, who resigned to their usual activities in order to help care for the person with disability. As a result, there is a need to develop appropriate support and training for caregivers. Access to care services in Peru is low and inequitable, but especially for people with disabilities: they experience greater barriers when accessing healthcare services even in the case of having health insurance. / Revisión por pares

Observational learning has been defined as the learning of new responses that occurs as a result of observing the responding of a model and the consequences that this responding produces (Catania, 2007; Taylor & DeQuinzio, 2012). The following study compared the effectiveness of a peer and staff model for teaching four adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities a new response chained task. An alternating treatment design, counterbalanced across subjects was used to evaluate the effects of each modeling condition. Results indicated that all four adults learned the skill with fewer sessions by observing the peer model. Following acquisition of each task, the degree of generalization and maintenance of responding was also evaluated. Implications and directions for future research are further discussed.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-03-26Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:12:47Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 cervellinifilho_a_me_prud.pdf: 663319 bytes, checksum: b388f4f3030ee43690d37d86bfb9a113 (MD5) / Secretaria Estadual de Educação / Este trabalho está vinculado à linha de pesquisa políticas públicas, organização escolar e formação de professores. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo envolvendo um grupo de professores de uma escola da rede pública do Estado de São Paulo, situada na cidade de Presidente Prudente. O objetivo principal da pesquisa foi identificar as representações sociais desenvolvidas por esses professores sobre o projeto pedagógico e, mais especificamente o projeto pedagógico da escola, para o aprofundamento do significado deste importante documento na instituição escolar. Partindo da Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional, nº. 9.394 de 20/12/1996, que estabelece que as escolas devam “elaborar e executar” seu projeto pedagógico procuramos investigar, pela utilização da teoria das representações sociais, como os professores, sujeitos de nossa pesquisa constroem representações sobre o seu trabalho e o ambiente escolar. Esse processo é caracterizado por uma dialética, ou seja, pensam e produzem representações construídas por outros indivíduos dos grupos aos quais pertencem, reelaborando-as e partilhando-as novamente num movimento infinito de recebimento, processamento, construção/reconstrução de significados sobre a realidade social partilhada. A partir do levantamento de dados coletados por meio dos instrumentos de pesquisa utilizados: questionário, entrevista semi-estruturada, utilização do software ALCESTE e grupo de discussão, os professores demonstraram um distanciamento que ocorre entre o projeto formal, que está no papel, e aquele que realmente ocorre no cotidiano escolar. Pôde-se constatar que o sistema oficial de ensino muitas vezes colabora para que as propostas feitas com base na legislação não sejam cumpridas integralmente. Ficou evidenciada a contribuição que o projeto pedagógico pode representar... / This work is linked to the line of research in public policies, school organization and teacher training. This is a qualitative study involving a group of teachers from a school in São Paulo state, located in Presidente Prudente. The main objective of the research was to identify the social representations developed by these teachers who are teaching things from the project, and more specifically the school project, to deep the meaning of this important document in school. Under the Act, the guidelines and bases for National Education, No. 9,394 of 20/12/1996, which establishes that schools must develop and implement the pedagogic project, we tried to investigate, by the use of the theory of social representations, such as teachers, subjects of our research who construct representations about their work and the environment school and the process is characterized by a dialectic, or they think and produce representations built by other individuals of the groups to which they belong to, doing them and sharing them again in an infinite movement of receiving, processing, construction / reconstruction of meanings about on a shared social reality. From the survey data collected by the instruments used to search: questionnaire, semi-structured interview, use of the software ALCESTE and discussion in group, the teachers demonstrated a gap that occurs between the formal project, which is on paper, and that that happens in everyday school. It was noted that the official system of education often collaborates to the proposals made on the basis of the legislation are not met in full. It was highlighted the contribution that the project could represent, and the possibility of collective participation that should be expanded, which a decade ago was unthinkable in public the schools. This finding, according to the teachers, enables a new type of organization of school work, which contributes to the...(Complete abstract, click electronic access below)

Orientador: Antonia Cecília Zacagnini Amaral / Banca: Elizabeti Yuriko Muto / Banca: Otto Bismarck Fazzano Gadig / Resumo: Este trabalho tem como propósito indicar a atividade alimentar diária de Antigonia capros, Synagrops spinosus e Urophycis mystacea (Teleostei). Essas espécies apresentam hábitos demersais e são muito freqüentes na plataforma continental externa e talude superior das regiões Sudeste e Sul do Brasil. Para a identificação de padrões de atividade alimentar diária, foram analisados resultados de coletas realizadas em diferentes horários ao longo do dia, agrupados em cinco períodos: amanhecer, manhã, tarde, entardecer e anoitecer. Em cada período foram identificados estômagos em diferentes graus de repleção e de digestão. Após essa análise, foi observado que cada espécie apresentou características específicas na captura de alimento. Nas três espécies foi verificado que houve aumento na atividade alimentar nos períodos do dia com menor intensidade luminosa. Nestes períodos ocorreu maior consumo de animais bentônicos. Constatou-se também que nos horários de maior e menor atividade, houve variação entre o consumo de organismos bentônicos e pelágicos / Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the daily feeding activity of Antigonia capros, Synagrops spinosus and Urophycis mystacea (Teleostei). These species present demersal behavior and are very frequent in Brazilian South and Southeast outer continental shelf and the continental slope. We carried out collections in different times of the day clustered in five periods: dawn, morning, afternoon, nightfall and night, in order to identify the patterns of daily feeding activity. In each period the different levels of digestion and repletion of the material in the stomachs were identified. Through this analysis we oberved that each species presented specific food capturing characteristics. An increase in the feeding activity was observed in the less lightened periods. In these periods there was higher consumption of benthonic animals. We have also found out a relation between the periods of higher and lower activity and the consumption of benthonic and pelagic organisms / Mestre

Master of Science / Department of Civil Engineering / Major Professor Not Listed / With recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) becoming a more popular and cost effective alternative to virgin aggregate, the Kansas Department of Transportation (KDOT) looks to incorporate these aggregates into Portland cement treated base (PCTB). KDOT currently practices a freeze-thaw method that includes 90 days of curing and a maximum of 660 freeze-thaw cycles to determine the durability of its concrete pavements and bases. An experimental study was conducted to determine if lower quality RCA would be an adequate replacement for virgin aggregates within PCTB. Two sources of D-cracked aggregate from “D” cracked pavements, were acquired and used to batch the PCTB. Control samples were batched using virgin aggregates following the gradation of the two sources of RCA. Following the procedure laid out by KDOT, both the RCA and control samples were tested for durability. The results showed that increasing the total amount of cementitious binder in the PCTB increased the durability. Also at lower binder contents, the type of RCA had an impact on the performance of the base containing RCA. In addition, the RCA and control samples had similar performance, and as a result RCA could be a viable aggregate source for PCTB. Finally, it was determined that different criteria need to be developed for the freeze-thaw durability of PCTB as mass loss was an important factor for PCTB with D-cracked aggregates

Abstract Sheltered housing for the elderly is an intermediate type of housing, between living in ones own home and living in an institution. The aim of this study was to describe the changes in physical, cognitive and psychological abilities among the elderly living in sheltered housing during a two-year follow-up period. In this study psychological abilities were represented by depressive symptoms. The changes in the abilities of the elderly people living in sheltered housing were compared with the corresponding changes among the elderly living in their own homes. Furthermore, the associated factors and the predictors of the decline in physical and cognitive abilities, as well as the depressive symptoms were examined. The control group consisted of elderly people who were matched with those living in sheltered housing in regard to age, sex, coping with activities of daily living and depressive symptoms. The data of this study were collected among elderly people living in 20 units of sheltered housing in Finland in 1994 and 1996. 725 residents were interviewed and 340 re-interviewed after two years. Cognitive capacity was assessed with the help of the Mini-Mental Examination test (MMSE). Depressive symptoms were assessed using the shortened version of the Zung Self-rating Depression Scale (ZSDS). The results showed that the elderly living in sheltered housing were widows or widowers and lived alone more often than the home-dwelling elderly. They perceived their health as poorer, had less contacts with other people and had fewer hobbies than the elderly living at home. Nevertheless, they felt less lonely and were more satisfied with their lives than those living at home. During the two-year follow-up period the decline in the functional capacity of the elderly living in sheltered housing did not essentially differ from the corresponding change among the home-dwelling elderly. The decline in physical and psychological abilities among the elderly living in sheltered housing was similar to the decline among those living at home. Even if the decline in cognitive abilities among the elderly living in sheltered housing was more rapid than the change among the home-dwelling elderly, the difference between the groups was slight. Living in sheltered housing appeared to have neither a negative nor a positive effect on the functional capacity of the elderly. The predictors of the physical decline among the elderly living in sheltered housing were a high age, poor physical abilities at baseline, a high number of depressive symptoms, the use of medication and a low number of hobbies. The predictors of the physical decline among the home-dwelling elderly were the female sex, a high age, poor physical abilities at baseline, a high number of depressive symptoms, health perceived as poor and low social participation. The predictors of the decline in cognitive abilities among the elderly living in sheltered housing included a high age, poor cognitive abilities at baseline, poor education, dissatisfaction with life and health perceived as good. Among the home-dwelling elderly the predictors of the decline in cognitive abilities were poor cognitive abilities at baseline and a low number of hobbies. Among the elderly living in sheltered housing the predictors of depressive symptoms included a high number of depressive symptoms at baseline, poor cognitive abilities, health perceived as poor, a high number of feelings of loneliness, a low number of visits paid to other people and high education. Among the home-dwelling elderly the predictors of depressive symptoms were a high number of depressive symptoms at baseline and a high age.

Reliable temperature time series are necessary to quantify how our world is changing. Unfortunately many non-climatic artefacts, known as inhomogeneities, affect these time series. When looking at real world data it is often not possible to distinguish between these non-climatic artefacts and true climatic variations that are naturally found in our world. Therefore, trying to remove the non-climatic artefacts with complete confidence is problematic, but leaving them in could lead to misinterpretation of climate variations. In creating realistic, homogeneous, synthetic, daily temperature series the truth can be known about the data completely. Known, created inhomogeneity structures can be added to these series, allowing the distinguishing between true and artificial artefacts. The application of homogenisation algorithms to these created inhomogeneous data allows the assessment of algorithm performance, as their returned contributions are being compared to a known standard or benchmark, the clean data. In this work a Generalised Additive Model (GAM) was used to create synthetic, clean, daily temperature series. Daily data pose new challenges compared to monthly or annual data owing to their increased variability and quantity. This is the first intercomparison study to assess homogenisation algorithm performance on temperature data at the daily level. The inhomogeneity structures added to the clean data were created by perturbing the inputs to the GAM, which created seasonally varying inhomogeneities, and by adding constant offsets, which created constant inhomogeneities. Four different regions in the United States were modelled, these four regions are climatically diverse which allowed for the exploration of the impact of this on homogenisation algorithm performance. Four different data scenarios, incorporating three different inhomogeneity structures, were added and evaluations also investigated how these impacted algorithm performance. Eight homogenisation algorithms were contributed to this study and their performance was assessed according to both their ability to detect change points and their ability to return series that were closer to the clean data than they were on release. These evaluations sought to aid the improvement of these algorithms and enable a quantification of the uncertainty remaining in daily temperature data even after homogenisation has taken place. Evaluations were also made of the benchmarks as it was important that benchmark weaknesses were taken into account. It was found that more climatologically diverse regions were harder to model and less climatologically diverse regions were easier to homogenise. Station density in a network and the presence of artificial trend inhomogeneities did not impact algorithm performance as much as changes in autocorrelations did, and the latter area was an area that most algorithms could improve on. This work feeds into the larger project of the International Surface Temperature Initiative which is working on a wider scale and with monthly instead of daily data.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia initially characterised by short-term memory deficits followed by a progressive cross domain cognitive and functional decline over time and loss of independence in carrying out activities of daily living (ADL). Apathy and depression are also the two most frequent neuropsychiatric sequalae associated with AD and have an impact on patients' ability to execute ADLs. Little is still known if apathy subdomains differently predict ADL performance in these patients. In this study, we aimed to quantitatively investigate if global apathy and depression predict ADL performance. We also wanted to establish if the apathy evaluation scale (AES) items resolve into three factors as proposed by Marin and if those factors differently predict performance of ADLs. We recruited a sample of 115 patients diagnosed with probable or possible AD. Basing on current literature, we hypothesised that apathy and depression predict ADL performance. We also hypothesised that AES items will load into three factors relating to cognitive, behavioural and affective apathy subdomains and that these subdomains will differentially predict ADL performance in our patient sample. Our results indicated that high apathy and depression symptoms were associated with problems to carryout ADLs. They also indicated that AES items resolved into a three factor solution in analogy with Marin's conceptualisation but they did not cluster in the manner that he proposed. Finally, when these factors are regressed simultaneously, (derived from factor analysis) only behavioural apathy significantly predicted ADLs.