Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T18:37:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo8179_1.pdf: 421939 bytes, checksum: ce949f8f38138904824a62e04f3e009b (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Este trabalho tem por finalidade a análise comparativa da figura do ameríndio, dentro de um processo de formação de identidade multicultural, nos romances Maíra, do brasileiro Darcy Ribeiro e Ashini, do quebequense Yves Thériault. Trata-se de examinar as possibilidades de reconstrução, via ficção, da imagem de comunidades étnicas postas habitualmente à margem da sociedade. As obras escolhidas tematizam o hibridismo, a memória, a territorialização; caracterizam também o índio como sujeito-cidadão. Nosso alicerce teórico remete principalmente aos conceitos bakhtinianos de discurso, dialogismo, polifonia que nos ajudaram a reler os textos, a reconstruí-los com vista a uma reflexão crítica sobre a realidade histórica dos índios do Brasil e do Canadá, assim como sobre o imaginário projetado sobre ambas as comunidades através de seus representantes ficcionais. Além de Bakhtin, temos solicitado igualmente os recursos de Néstor Canclini e Homi Bhabha para esclarecer os conflitos interétnicos suscitados nos textos peã presença de personagens que, por mais estranhos que possam parecer, são membros autênticos de nossa americanidade

This thesis investigates three problems relating to thermoconvective stability in porous media. These are (i) the stability of an inclined boundary layer flow to vortex type instability, (ii) front propagation in the Darcy-B´enard problem and (iii) the onset of Prantdl-Darcy convection in a horizontal porous layer subject to a horizontal pressure gradient. The nonlinear, elliptic governing equations for the inclined boundary layer flow are discretised using finite differences and solved using an implicit, MultiGrid Full Approximation Scheme. In addition to the basic steady state three configurations are examined: (i) unforced disturbances, (ii) global forced disturbances, and (iii) leading edge forced disturbances. The unforced inclined boundary layer is shown to be convectively unstable to vortex-type instabilities. The forced vortex system is found to produce critical distances in good agreement with parabolic simulations. The speed of propagation and the pattern formed behind a propagating front in the Darcy-B´enard problem are examined using weakly nonlinear analysis and through numerical solution of the fully nonlinear governing equations for both two and three dimensional flows. The unifying theory of Ebert and van Saarloos (Ebert and van Saarloos (1998)) for pulled fronts is found to describe the behaviour well in two dimensions, but the situation in three dimensions is more complex with combinations of transverse and longitudinal rolls occurring. A linear perturbation analysis of the onset of Prandtl-Darcy convection in a horizontal porous layer subject to a horizontal pressure gradient indicates that the flow becomes more stable as the underlying flow increases, and that the wavelength of the most dangerous disturbances also increases with the strength of the underlying flow. Asymptotic analyses for small and large underlying flow and large Prandtl number are carried out and results compared to those of the linear perturbation analysis.

The aim of this thesis is to replace the intractable problem of using discrete flow models within large vascular networks with a suitably parameterised and tractable continuum perfusion model. Through this work, we directly address the hypothesis that discrete vascular data can be incorporated within continuum perfusion models via spatially-averaged parameterisation techniques. Chapter 1 reviews biological perfusion from both clinical and computational modelling perspectives, with a particular focus on myocardial perfusion. In Chapter 2, a synthetic 3D vascular network was constructed, which was controllable in terms of its size and properties. A multi-compartment static Darcy perfusion model of this discrete system was parameterised via a number of techniques. Permeabilities were derived using: (i) porosity-scaled isotropic (ϕI); (ii) Huyghe and Van Campen (HvC); and (iii) projected-PCA parameterisation methods. It was found that HvC permeabilities and pressure-coupling fields derived from the discrete data produced the best comparison to the spatially-averaged Poiseuille pressure. In Chapter 3, the construction and analysis of high-resolution anatomical arterial vascular models was undertaken. In Chapter 4, various anatomically-derived vascular networks were used to parameterise our perfusion model, including a microCT-derived rat capillary network, a single arterial subtree, and canine and porcine whole-organ arterial models. Allowing for general-connectivity (as opposed to strictly-hierarchical connectivity) yielded a significant improvement on the continuum model pressure. For the whole-organ model however, it was found that the best results were obtained by using porosity-scaled isotropic permeabilities and anatomically-derived pressure-coupling fields. It was also discovered that naturally occurring small length but relatively large radius vessels were not suitable for the HvC method. In Chapter 5, the suitability of derived parameters for use within a dynamic perfusion model was examined. It was found that the parameters derived from the original static network were adequate for application throughout the cardiac cycle. Chapter 6 presents a concluding discussion, highlighting limitations and future directions to be investigated.

This thesis presents a methodology based on Proppant Number approach for optimal fracture treatment design of natural gas wells considering non-Darcy flow effects in the design process. Closure stress is taken into account, by default, because it is the first factor decreasing propped pack permeability at in-situ conditions. Gel damage was also considered in order to evaluate the impact of incorporating more damaging factors on ultimate well performance and optimal geometry. Effective fracture permeability and optimal fracture geometry are calculated through an iterative process. This approach was implemented in a spreadsheet. Non-Darcy flow is described by the β factor. All β factor correlations available in the literature were evaluated. It is recommended to use the correlation developed specifically for the given type of proppant and mesh size, if available. Otherwise, the Pursell et al. or the Martins et al. equations are recommended as across the board reliable correlations for predicting non-Darcy flow effects in the propped pack. The proposed methodology was implemented in the design of 11 fracture treatments of 3 natural tight gas wells in South Texas. Results show that optimal fracture design might increase expected production in 9.64 MMscf with respect to design that assumes Darcy flow through the propped pack. The basic finding is that for a given amount of proppant shorter and wider fractures compensate the non-Darcy and/or gel damage effect. Dynamic programming technique was implemented in design of multistage fractures for one of the wells under study for maximizing total gas production. Results show it is a powerful and simple technique for this application. It is recommended to expand its use in multistage fracture designs.

archives@tulane.edu / Discrete fracture networks (DFNs) can be modeled with polygonal representations that are useful for geophysical modeling of nuclear waste containment and hydrofrac- turing. Flow and transport calculations are possible, but computationally expensive, limiting the feasibility for model uncertainty quantification. Graphs are used to re- duce model complexity and computation time. We present the formulation of using a graph as a reduced model for DFNs and pose the inversion problem central to this research. We present a novel alternative to Darcy’s law on graphs using the well known Brinkman formulation on the continuum. We apply the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm to optimize graphs, calibrating them to observed data through the inversion problem. We present the deficiencies in physically motivated graphs, and show how optimized graphs produce better results overall. Our solution finds lumped parameters representing the fracture properties, and is used to reduce the computational time required for particle transport calculations. Breakthrough curves are produced on our obtained solutions, which closely match the high fidelity model. We present examples of creating these reduced models for DFNs with 500 fractures to illustrate the methodology and optimization scheme used to obtain an improved result over a previous formulation. / 1 / Jaime Lopez-Merizalde

Nesta tese apresentamos novas formulações de elementos finitos mistas estabilizadas para o escoamento de Darcy, e para o escoamento acoplado de Stokes-Darcy. A aplicação do Método de Galerkin às formulações clássicas do sistema de Darcy é revista, e são comentadas algumas estabilizações existentes na literatura. A partir da combinação consistente de resíduos de mínimos quadrados da lei de Darcy, da equação de conservação de massa e do rotacional de lei de Darcy, são desenvolvidas novas formulações para a aproximação do escoamento no meio poroso, que possuem características de estabilidade superiores às existentes. É apresentada uma nova abordagem que permite o emprego destas formulações em meios porosos com interface de descontinuidade da condutividade hidráulica. Combinando estas novas formulações estabilizadas para o escoamento de Darcy, com formulações de Petrov-Galerkin para o escoamento de Stokes, são desenvolvidos métodos estabilizados para o sistema acoplado, que permitem o emprego de interpolações lagrangianas, de mesma ordem inclusive, para a velocidade e para a pressão, tanto no domínio de Stokes quanto no de Darcy, com interpolações contínuas ou descontínuas para a pressão. / In this thesis we propose new stabilized finite element methods for Darcy flow and for the coupled Stokes-Darcy flow. We review the Galerkin method applied to the classical variational formulations of the Darcy's system, and comment on some stabilization techniques proposed in the literature. Through the consistent combination of least square residuals of the Darcy's law, the mass balance equation and the curl of Darcy's law, we develop new finite element formulations to porous media flow, that have higher stability than the usual stabilizations. We present a methodology to incorporate restrictions that allows the application of these formulations to flow in heterogeneous porous media with an interface of discontinuity of the hydraulic conductivity tensor. By combining the new stabilized formulations for Darcy flow with Petrov-Galerkin formulations to Stokes flow, we develop stabilized methods for the coupled Stokes-Darcy flow that employ Lagrangian finite element spaces in both domains, continuous for the velocity and continuous or discontinuous for the pressure. Equal-order interpolations can be adopted for both velocity and pressure spaces.

La modélisation numérique de la migration des hydrocarbures dans les bassins sédimentaires permet de déterminer les accumulations d’hydrocarbures au sein des formations géologiques. A partir de cela on peut prévoir la hauteur d’hydrocarbure piégé. Cette détermination est essentielle dans l’industrie du pétrole. Cependant grâce à certaines études, on a pu s’apercevoir que des erreurs numériques pouvaient apparaître lors de l’utilisation de pression capillaires polynomiales. Dans cette thèse, nous travaillons principalement sur les modèles dits de Darcy et nous évoquons sommairement les modèles de type percolation. L’objectif de ce travail est de fournir de nouveaux modèles des pressions capillaires, donnant de meilleurs résultats que ceux actuellement utilisés. Dans un premier temps, nous décrivons les mécanismes de la migration des hydrocarbures dans les couches. Ensuite nous étudions plus attentivement les lois des pressions capillaires permettant l’écoulement des fluides. Puis nous établissons la discrétisation, suivant la méthode des volumes finis, du problème. Dans la partie suivante nous testons en une dimension de nouveaux modèles de pressions capillaires affines par morceaux. Puis dans une autre partie, nous faisons les tests en deux dimensions de ces modèles auxquels nous rajoutons un autre modèle, bâti à partir des deux précédents. En conclusion, nous synthétisons l’ensemble des résultats et évoquons certaines perspectives concernant l’amélioration des modèles étudiés. / Numerical modeling of hydrocarbon migration in sedimentary basins makes it possible to determine hydrocarbon accumulations within geological formations. From this it is possible to predict the trapped hydrocarbon height. This determination is essential in the petroleum industry. However, thanks to some studies, it has been found that numerical errors can occur when using polynomial capillary pressure. In this thesis, we work mainly on the so-called models of Darcy and we briefly discuss percolation-type models. The objective of this work is to provide new models of capillary pressures, giving better results than those currently used. First, we describe the mechanisms of hydrocarbon migration in the layers. Then we study more closely the laws of capillary pressures allowing the flow of fluids. Then we establish the discretization, according to the finite volume method, of the problem. In the next part we test in one dimension new models of capillary pressures affine in pieces. Then in another part, we do the two-dimensional tests of these models to which we add another model, built from the two previous ones. In conclusion, we summarize all the results and discuss some perspectives concerning the improvement of the studied models.

Hydraulic fracturing has recently been the completion of choice for most tight gas bearing formations. It has proven successful to produce these formations in a commercial manner. However, some considerations have to be taken into account to design an optimum stimulation treatment that leads to the maximum possible productivity. These considerations include, but not limited to, non-Darcy flow and multiphase flow effects inside the fracture. These effects reduce the fracture conductivity significantly. Failing to account for that results in overestimating the deliverability of the well and, consequently, to designing a fracture treatment that is not optimum. In this work a thorough investigation of non-Darcy flow and multi-phase flow effects on the productivity of hydraulically fractured wells is conducted and an optimum fracture design is proposed for a tight gas formation in south Texas using the Unified Fracture Design (UFD) Technique to compensate for the mentioned effects by calculating the effective fracture permeability in an iterative way. Incorporating non-Darcy effects results in an optimum fracture that is shorter and wider than the fracture when only Darcy calculations are considered. That leads to a loss of production of 5, 18 percent due to dry and multiphase non-Darcy flow effects respectively. A comparison between the UFD and 3D simulators is also done to point out the differences in terms of methodology and results. Since UFD incorporated the maximum dimensionless productivity index in the fracture dimensions design, unlike 3D simulators, it can be concluded that using UFD to design the fracture treatment and then use the most important fracture parameters outputs (half length and CfDopt) as inputs in the simulators is a recommended approach.

A numerical study was carried out for enhanced heat transfer from two heated blocks in a pulsating channel flow by porous heat sink. The flow over the fluid region is governed by the Navier-Stokes equation, and the flow through the porous medium is governed by the Darcy-Brinkman-Forchheimer equation. These two flows are coupled through the interface boundary conditions at the porous/fluid and porous/solid interfaces. After a stream function-vorticity transformation, solution of the coupled governing equations for fluid/porous/solid composite system is obtained using the control-volume-based procedure and hybrid scheme. Comprehensive time-dependent flow and temperature data obtained and averaged over a cycle of pulsation in a periodic steady state. In addition, this study details the effects of variation in the governing parameters, such as inertia parameter, Dracy number, Reynolds number, Strouhal number, pulsation amplitude and geometric parameters, to illustrate important fundamental and practical results. The results show that the periodic change of shape of interblock recirculation flow caused by porous-covering blocks has significant enhanced effect on flow pattern and heat transfer characteristics. This enhanced effect is found to increase with Reynolds number, Strouhal number and pulsation amplitude but decrease with Dracy number. In comparison with the non-porous heat sink case for a steady non-pulsating flow, significant increases in the average Nusselt number are predicted and the instantaneous maximum temperatures within the heated block array are reduced. Moreover, it is shown that specific choices in certain geometric parameters, such as interblock space, can make pronounded change in the cooling of heated block.

Submitted by Roberth Novaes (roberth.novaes@live.com) on 2018-09-13T14:33:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Darcy Ribeiro_ o intelectual e o espaço autobiográfico - A.pdf: 956336 bytes, checksum: ec4817f32fbdf9243d2c86fcbf993030 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Setor de Periódicos (per_macedocosta@ufba.br) on 2018-09-13T20:47:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Darcy Ribeiro_ o intelectual e o espaço autobiográfico - A.pdf: 956336 bytes, checksum: ec4817f32fbdf9243d2c86fcbf993030 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-13T20:47:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Darcy Ribeiro_ o intelectual e o espaço autobiográfico - A.pdf: 956336 bytes, checksum: ec4817f32fbdf9243d2c86fcbf993030 (MD5) / O presente trabalho ocupa-se do jogo citacional autobiográfico executado por Darcy Ribeiro ao longo da sua produção discursiva, como forma de compreender a sua trajetória, enquanto intelectual escritor, nas duas décadas finais de sua vida (1976-1997), incidindo o olhar para além das suas autobiografias tardias e privilegiando, a partir delas, o reconhecimento de uma rede intertextual envolvendo os seus romances Maíra e Migo, textos científicos, depoimentos e entrevistas. O estudo apoia-se nas noções propostas por Michel Foucault sobre unidades discursivas, obra, livro e autor, para a abordagem inicial dos textos de variadas procedências e, em seguida, na noção de espaço autobiográfico, de Philippe Lejeune, para o mapeamento das similaridades textuais observadas em torno de três temas recorrentes: um modelo para o intelectual, a eficácia do discurso literário em relação ao científico e o recurso metalinguístico. A partir da concepção de Edward Said sobre os modos de atuação do intelectual na contemporaneidade, a ocorrência de tal jogo citacional operado por Darcy Ribeiro em sua produção é entendida como a principal expressão de sua representação do intelectual enquanto escritor. / The present work studies the autobiographical quotational work done by Darcy Ribeiro throughout his discoursive production, as a way to understand his intellectual trajectory, as a writer, in the last two decades of his life (1976-1997), aiming to look beyond his late autobiographies and, at the same time, to privilege, from them, the recognition of an intertextual net involving two of his novels, Maíra and Migo, as well as scientific essays, reports and interviews. The work is based upon the notions of discoursive units, ouvre, book and author, as developed by Michel Foucault, in order to approach the various textual origins; also on the notion of autobiographic space, by Philippe Lejeune, in order to map the gathered textual similarities, observed around three recurrent themes: the model for an intellectual, the efficiency of the literary discourse in relation to the scientific one and the metalinguistic feature. According to Edward Said's interpretation of the ways for an intellectual to act contemporarily, the occurrence of such quotational work done by Darcy Ribeiro, within his production, is understood as the main expression of his representation of the intellectual as a writer.