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Hume et la mélancolie sceptique : une approche par la dynamique des discours / Hume and the sceptical melancholyClaisse, Thomas 13 December 2014 (has links)
Le discours mélancolique de Hume, placé au terme du premier livre de son oeuvre de jeunesse, met en danger la philosophie, en tirant les conclusions nécessaires d'une théorie empiriste de la connaissance : si le monde, et même l'existence toute entière, ne sont que des idées produites par l'imagination, la recherche philosophique, qui place la raison en exergue de toutes les facultés humaines, est alors vaine et dénuée de sens. Cependant, Hume, qui n'a que vingt-huit ans lorsqu'il publie les deux premiers livres du traité, vouera sa vie à la philosophie, et ira jusqu'à s'imaginer marchandant avec Charon un peu plus de temps à vivre pour terminer ses recherches et en voir l'accueil du public. Comment un tel dépassement est-il possible, d'une stupeur mélancolique désespérée à cette passion philosophique qui emplira toute une vie ? D'une mise en danger profonde et sérieuse de toute possibilité de science à un travail sans relâche dans les domaines de la métaphysique, de la morale, de la philosophie politique, de la religion, de l'histoire ? Et ce, qui plus est, sur les principes mêmes qui seront la cause de ce danger ? Nous proposons une lecture nouvelle et critique de cette 'fin de la philosophie' et de son dépassement, par le développement, en interaction avec l'objet d'étude lui-même, d'une conception originale de l'histoire de la philosophie. inspirée par l'articulation du discours de Hume et des problèmes qu'il soulève. Nous construirons, en la mettant directement à l'épreuve dans l'analyse des discours qui en sont l'impulsion première, une pratique efficace de l'histoire des idées. Nous tenterons grâce à celle-ci de répondre à cet enjeu final que Hume lance non seulement à la philosophie, mais aussi à toute entreprise humaine de science : à quoi bon penser et philosopher, si tout objet de connaissance n'est que chimère et simulacre d'un monde que nous ne pouvons que supposer, et qui n'existe peut-être même pas ? / The melancholic speech of Hume, placed in the term of the first book of its early work, puts in danger the philosophy, by drawing the necessary conclusions of an empiricist theory of the knowledge.
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La nature du temps comme fondement philosophique de l'identité personnelle chez David Hume /Dubois-Flynn, Geneviève. January 1997 (has links)
Thèse (Ph. D.)--Université Laval, 1997. / Bibliogr.: f. 303-312. Publié aussi en version électronique.
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A mitigated scepticism : a study of David Hume's philosophical and political thought in its intellectual contextCastiglione, Dario January 1986 (has links)
This study of David Hume suggests that the unity of his thought Is to be found more In an attitude of mind than In a precise body of epistemological statements. His 'mitigated scepticism' was the original combination of an experimental approach with a searching mind and a rather disenchanted attitude towards the attainment of perfection In knowledge and In the practical world. But my thesis addresses these questions only Implicitly. The general picture of the Humean approach to things political and phi losophlcal Is depicted against the background of a close examination of two other themes: Hume's development towards a more 'popular' phi losophy and the phi losophlcal Import of his moral and political theory. The first subject Is studied through an analysis of the formal qualities of Hume's phi losophlcal writings; the second, through a discussion of Hume's position on the origin of Justice and government and one's obi Igatlon to them. The conclusion that my thesis tentatively advances Is that both In metaphysics and politics Hume's approach Is based upon the attainment of a state of equl IIbrlum between theoretical and practical considerations, and between sceptical and naturalistic tendencies. Hume's desire for balance can only be understood within the Intellectual context of eighteenth century thought. This Is the reason for the considerable attention that the thesis devotes to the reconstruction of the historical setting within which Hume's thought developed. However, when correctly Interpreted, Hume's Ideas clearly have a contribution to make to an understanding of a world which Is very different from his own.
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Hume and the idea of space : an essay in the history of philosphyFrasca-Spada, Marina January 1994 (has links)
No description available.
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\"Vida social e poder político: David Hume contra os contratualistas de seu tempo\" / Social life and political power: David Hume against the contractarians of his ageAlmeida, Gabriel Bertin de 05 July 2005 (has links)
Partindo das teorias políticas predominantes no século XVIII, o contratualismo e a obediência passiva, personificadas pelos dois principais partidos políticos da Inglaterra àquela época (Whig e Tory), a presente dissertação pretende mostrar como Hume discorda de ambas. Porém, o objetivo central é, sem dúvida, sua refutação ao contratualismo. Para tanto, o texto traz duas linhas de argumentos aptos a tanto: a primeira delas, referente ao conceito de artifício em Hume, significativamente diferente do artifício criado pelos contratualistas, oposição esta a que a tradição de comentaristas da filosofia política humeana de maneira geral não faz referência, especificamente quando se trata da refutação ao contratualismo; a segunda linha de argumentação refere-se à refutação mais direta feita por Hume, a que se pode chamar \"oficial\", em que estão presentes as discussões a respeito do papel do consentimento, da existência de estado de natureza e do pacto expresso ou tácito, da obrigação decorrente das promessas, da origem do governo e da obediência. / Starting from the most popular political theories in the 17th century, contractualism and that of passive obedience, represented by the two main political parties in England at that time (Whig and Tory), this paper intends to show how Hume disagrees with both. However, his main objective is, without a doubt, refuse contractualism. To achieve its end, the text brings two sets of arguments: the first one concerns the concept of artifice in Hume\'s theory, which is very different from the artifice created by the contractarians. This opposition is not in general mencioned by the tradition of commentators, especially when the subject is the refutation of contractualism. The second set of arguments concerns the more direct refutation made by Hume, which we can term the \"official\" one. Here we can include the discussions about the role of consent, the existence of the state of nature and the explicit or tacit contract, the obligation derived from promises, the origin of government and allegiance.
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Newton of the mind : an examination of Hume's science of human nature /Collier, Mark David, January 1999 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 1999. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 140-145).
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\"Vida social e poder político: David Hume contra os contratualistas de seu tempo\" / Social life and political power: David Hume against the contractarians of his ageGabriel Bertin de Almeida 05 July 2005 (has links)
Partindo das teorias políticas predominantes no século XVIII, o contratualismo e a obediência passiva, personificadas pelos dois principais partidos políticos da Inglaterra àquela época (Whig e Tory), a presente dissertação pretende mostrar como Hume discorda de ambas. Porém, o objetivo central é, sem dúvida, sua refutação ao contratualismo. Para tanto, o texto traz duas linhas de argumentos aptos a tanto: a primeira delas, referente ao conceito de artifício em Hume, significativamente diferente do artifício criado pelos contratualistas, oposição esta a que a tradição de comentaristas da filosofia política humeana de maneira geral não faz referência, especificamente quando se trata da refutação ao contratualismo; a segunda linha de argumentação refere-se à refutação mais direta feita por Hume, a que se pode chamar \"oficial\", em que estão presentes as discussões a respeito do papel do consentimento, da existência de estado de natureza e do pacto expresso ou tácito, da obrigação decorrente das promessas, da origem do governo e da obediência. / Starting from the most popular political theories in the 17th century, contractualism and that of passive obedience, represented by the two main political parties in England at that time (Whig and Tory), this paper intends to show how Hume disagrees with both. However, his main objective is, without a doubt, refuse contractualism. To achieve its end, the text brings two sets of arguments: the first one concerns the concept of artifice in Hume\'s theory, which is very different from the artifice created by the contractarians. This opposition is not in general mencioned by the tradition of commentators, especially when the subject is the refutation of contractualism. The second set of arguments concerns the more direct refutation made by Hume, which we can term the \"official\" one. Here we can include the discussions about the role of consent, the existence of the state of nature and the explicit or tacit contract, the obligation derived from promises, the origin of government and allegiance.
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O contratualismo e o utilitarismo na filosofia moral e política de David Hume / The contractualism and utilitarianism in moral and political philosophy of david humeGabriel Bertin de Almeida 11 March 2010 (has links)
A obra de David Hume é marcada por dois momentos distintos: o Tratado da Natureza Humana, brilhante obra de sua juventude, e as investigações e os ensaios, entre outros textos mais maduros. No contexto dessa transição, suas teorias moral e política sofrem pequenas, porém significativas, modificações. Uma delas diz respeito ao desaparecimento, na segunda Investigação, da dicotomia obrigação naturalmoral de justiça existente no Tratado, e, sobretudo, ao uso mais frequente do sentimento de humanidade, naquela obra, como móbil da ação. Essa tese de fundo, que defende a mencionada modificação na teoria humeana, possibilita ainda que se afirme a existência de duas outras teses: a) que Hume tem mais um argumento para refutar o contratualismo, além daquele declarado expressamente em seus textos; b) que Hume dificilmente pode ser considerado um utilitarista, já que suas teorias do valor, da ação (ou do que é certo) e do motivo são sensivelmente diferentes das teorias utilitaristas clássicas, cabendo-lhe melhor o rótulo de precursor do utilitarismo. / In the works of David Hume, two distinct moments are clearly defined: the A Treatise of Human Nature, a brilliant book from his youth, and the enquiries and the essays, which show more maturity. In the course of this transition, his moral and political theories suffered minor, but important, changes. One of them concerns the elimination, in the second Enquiry, of the dichotomy natural-moral obligation of justice, which existed in the Treatise, and a more frequent use, in that work, of humanity as a cause for action. This argument, which puts forth the aforementioned modification in Hume\'s theory, makes the existence of two other propositions possible: a) that Hume has another argument to refute contractualism, besides the one that is explicitly stated in his texts; b) that Hume can hardly be considered a utilitarian, since his theories of value, of action (or of what is right) and of the motive are significantly different from classical utilitarian theories, making it preferable to label him as a precursor to utilitarianism.
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O contratualismo e o utilitarismo na filosofia moral e política de David Hume / The contractualism and utilitarianism in moral and political philosophy of david humeAlmeida, Gabriel Bertin de 11 March 2010 (has links)
A obra de David Hume é marcada por dois momentos distintos: o Tratado da Natureza Humana, brilhante obra de sua juventude, e as investigações e os ensaios, entre outros textos mais maduros. No contexto dessa transição, suas teorias moral e política sofrem pequenas, porém significativas, modificações. Uma delas diz respeito ao desaparecimento, na segunda Investigação, da dicotomia obrigação naturalmoral de justiça existente no Tratado, e, sobretudo, ao uso mais frequente do sentimento de humanidade, naquela obra, como móbil da ação. Essa tese de fundo, que defende a mencionada modificação na teoria humeana, possibilita ainda que se afirme a existência de duas outras teses: a) que Hume tem mais um argumento para refutar o contratualismo, além daquele declarado expressamente em seus textos; b) que Hume dificilmente pode ser considerado um utilitarista, já que suas teorias do valor, da ação (ou do que é certo) e do motivo são sensivelmente diferentes das teorias utilitaristas clássicas, cabendo-lhe melhor o rótulo de precursor do utilitarismo. / In the works of David Hume, two distinct moments are clearly defined: the A Treatise of Human Nature, a brilliant book from his youth, and the enquiries and the essays, which show more maturity. In the course of this transition, his moral and political theories suffered minor, but important, changes. One of them concerns the elimination, in the second Enquiry, of the dichotomy natural-moral obligation of justice, which existed in the Treatise, and a more frequent use, in that work, of humanity as a cause for action. This argument, which puts forth the aforementioned modification in Hume\'s theory, makes the existence of two other propositions possible: a) that Hume has another argument to refute contractualism, besides the one that is explicitly stated in his texts; b) that Hume can hardly be considered a utilitarian, since his theories of value, of action (or of what is right) and of the motive are significantly different from classical utilitarian theories, making it preferable to label him as a precursor to utilitarianism.
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David Hume's Theory of HistoryNielsen, Kenneth R. January 1952 (has links)
No description available.
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