Exploratory case studies investigated the day care benefit from the multiple perspectives of the person with dementia, caregiver, and day care worker. The routines, daily processes, and factors promoting benefit were reported. The day care client was also queried to explore their ability to contribute useful information about their care environment. The adult day care is primarily a social occasion for its clients, who enjoy the benefits of companionship and interaction. Day cares were differentiated by the environmental features: worker:client ratio, size, suitability of the site for intended purpose, quality of client-worker relationships, and quality of the activities offered. The quality of each of these features is an important component in the day care environment. All components at their highest quality are not necessary for the environment to be beneficial. The most important factors contributing to day care quality were workers who (1) communicated safety to the client through a relaxed, uncritical environment, and (2) facilitated client stimulation through activity and personal interaction, satisfying the clients’ basic needs to be safe and occupied. This evaluation was comprised of: two sets of case studies. Each evaluation was concurrently conducted and consistently designed. Participant observation and survey were the primary methods of data collection. Informed consent was sought from day care clients with dementia, family caregivers, and day care workers.

1 ABSTRACT The diploma work titled "The parents', teachers' and day care center staff view on possibility of placing two-year-old children in nursery schools" analyzes the specifics and problems of today's families with young children. It defines the concept of early childhood, describes a child's development at toddler age, and also characterizes today's toddler. The work is dedicated to the maturity of children for entry into nursery schools. Furthermore the diploma work describes the history and current problems of the care for children younger than three years in the Czech Republic in comparison with representative European countries. The diploma work is a survey focused on three categories of respondents' views on the possibility of inclusion of children from two years of age in nursery schools as a plan for future solution of the issue of systemic agenda of day care center for children under three years of age in the Czech Republic. The aim of the research was to find out how the surveyed parents, nursery workers and preschool teachers perceive the possibility of inclusion of two-year-old children in pre-primary educational institutions and whether today's two-year-old children are ripe for entry into nursery schools. In the practical part of the diploma work there were also compared the personal...

Introdução: O centro dia é uma alternativa promissora de atenção integral ao idoso que se baseia na promoção da saúde, na prevenção de agravos, na recuperação e na reabilitação e que possibilita aos idosos a oportunidade para vivenciar um envelhecimento ativo. Objetivos: Identificar as atividades de promoção da saúde e prevenção de agravos, desenvolvidas em centros dia para idosos, nas dimensões saúde, participação, segurança e educação; e validar o conteúdo dessas atividades, para subsidiar a avaliação da qualidade da atenção ao idoso em centros dia. Método: Estudo metodológico, conduzido em três fases: identificação das atividades de atenção aos idosos desenvolvidas em centros dia; seleção e descrição das atividades, referentes à promoção da saúde e à prevenção de agravos, de acordo com as dimensões saúde, participação, segurança e educação; e validação de conteúdo das atividades, realizada por nove especialistas. O índice de consenso estabelecido correspondeu a 80% e as atividades foram validadas segundo os atributos relevância, clareza, pertinência e simplicidade. O período de coleta de dados da primeira e da segunda fase ocorreu de outubro a dezembro de 2013; e o da terceira fase, de setembro a novembro de 2014. Resultados: Oito atividades foram validadas pelos juízes e duas foram incluídas, conforme sugestões dos especialistas. Na dimensão saúde, as atividades foram: capacidade funcional e fragilidade, alimentação e nutrição, higiene e conforto, medicamentos de uso contínuo e manejo e estímulo cognitivo; na dimensão participação, as atividades socioculturais, acolhimento e monitoramento e apoio espiritual/religioso; na segurança, as atividades corresponderam a acessibilidade e controle dos fatores de risco para queda; e na dimensão educação, as atividades educativas. No total, foram avaliados 82 itens, dos quais 100% alcançaram o consenso estabelecido no atributo relevância; 91,4% na clareza; 97,5% na pertinência; e 92,6% na simplicidade. Apenas nove itens não atingiram o consenso proposto, dentre os quais, oito obtiveram consenso muito próximo ao estimado, 77%, e somente um obteve consenso de 66% e foi excluído, conforme sugestões dos especialistas. A maior parte das sugestões dos juízes deu-se em relação à clareza e à simplicidade das descrições. A avaliação dos especialistas possibilitou a construção do Guia de Atividades de Atenção ao Idoso, Desenvolvidas em Centros Dia, na Perspectiva do Envelhecimento Ativo. Conclusões: O estudo permitiu sistematizar as atividades a serem desenvolvidas em centros dia, no âmbito do cuidado. O Guia poderá subsidiar a avaliação dos centros dia, por parte dos gestores e dos profissionais que atuam nesses cenários, para promover a melhoraria da qualidade do serviço prestado. / Introduction: The day-care center is a promising alternative for the integral attention for elderlies. It develops the promotion of health, prevention of health dangers, recovery, and rehabilitation, aimed at an active aging for the elderly. Objectives: Identify activities for the health promotion and health danger prevention developed in a day-care center for elderly by promoting health, participation, safety and education; validate the content of such activities, in order to provide subsidies and assessment of services provided in a day-care center for the elderly. Method: Methodological study was carried out in three phases: identification of care activities for elderly developed in day-care centers; selection and description of activities concerning health promotion and health danger prevention, according to health, participation, safety and education principles; validation of activities content carried out by nine specialists. The established consensus rate was at 80%, and activities were assessed based on relevance, clearness, pertinence and simplicity. The data collection period for the first and second phases was between October and December 2013, and between September and November 2014 for the third phase. Results: The jury assessed eight activities, and specialists suggested to include two activities. They are classified as follows: concerning health: functional capacity and weakness, food and nutrition, hygiene and comfort, drugs of continuous use and handling and cognitive stimulation; concerning participation: the socio-cultural activities, acceptance and monitoring and spiritual/religious support; concerning safety:assessment and control of risk factor for falls; concerning education: educational activities. In the end, 82 items were assessed. 100% of them were considered relevant; 91.4% were considered clear; 97.5% were considered pertinent; and 92.6% were considered simple. Only nine items have not achieved the proposed consensus. Eight out of them were close to the proposed consensus rate at 77% and only one, with 66%, was excluded, according to specialists\' orientations. The major part of jurys suggestions were related to clearness and simplicity of descriptions. The jurys assessment enabled the elaboration of the Elderly Attention Activities Guide, which are carried out in day-care centers, aiming at the active aging. Conclusions: The study organized the activities to be developed in day-care centers in relation to care. The Guide can support the administrators and professionals to assessing the day-care centers, and, therefore, improving the quality of provided service.

published_or_final_version / Applied Statistics / Master / Master of Social Sciences

published_or_final_version / Architecture / Master / Master of Architecture

Thesis (doctoral)--Uppsala Universitetet, 1988. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 119-132).

Thesis (M.S.W.)--University of Hong Kong, 1989. / Also available in print.

Introdução: O centro dia é uma alternativa promissora de atenção integral ao idoso que se baseia na promoção da saúde, na prevenção de agravos, na recuperação e na reabilitação e que possibilita aos idosos a oportunidade para vivenciar um envelhecimento ativo. Objetivos: Identificar as atividades de promoção da saúde e prevenção de agravos, desenvolvidas em centros dia para idosos, nas dimensões saúde, participação, segurança e educação; e validar o conteúdo dessas atividades, para subsidiar a avaliação da qualidade da atenção ao idoso em centros dia. Método: Estudo metodológico, conduzido em três fases: identificação das atividades de atenção aos idosos desenvolvidas em centros dia; seleção e descrição das atividades, referentes à promoção da saúde e à prevenção de agravos, de acordo com as dimensões saúde, participação, segurança e educação; e validação de conteúdo das atividades, realizada por nove especialistas. O índice de consenso estabelecido correspondeu a 80% e as atividades foram validadas segundo os atributos relevância, clareza, pertinência e simplicidade. O período de coleta de dados da primeira e da segunda fase ocorreu de outubro a dezembro de 2013; e o da terceira fase, de setembro a novembro de 2014. Resultados: Oito atividades foram validadas pelos juízes e duas foram incluídas, conforme sugestões dos especialistas. Na dimensão saúde, as atividades foram: capacidade funcional e fragilidade, alimentação e nutrição, higiene e conforto, medicamentos de uso contínuo e manejo e estímulo cognitivo; na dimensão participação, as atividades socioculturais, acolhimento e monitoramento e apoio espiritual/religioso; na segurança, as atividades corresponderam a acessibilidade e controle dos fatores de risco para queda; e na dimensão educação, as atividades educativas. No total, foram avaliados 82 itens, dos quais 100% alcançaram o consenso estabelecido no atributo relevância; 91,4% na clareza; 97,5% na pertinência; e 92,6% na simplicidade. Apenas nove itens não atingiram o consenso proposto, dentre os quais, oito obtiveram consenso muito próximo ao estimado, 77%, e somente um obteve consenso de 66% e foi excluído, conforme sugestões dos especialistas. A maior parte das sugestões dos juízes deu-se em relação à clareza e à simplicidade das descrições. A avaliação dos especialistas possibilitou a construção do Guia de Atividades de Atenção ao Idoso, Desenvolvidas em Centros Dia, na Perspectiva do Envelhecimento Ativo. Conclusões: O estudo permitiu sistematizar as atividades a serem desenvolvidas em centros dia, no âmbito do cuidado. O Guia poderá subsidiar a avaliação dos centros dia, por parte dos gestores e dos profissionais que atuam nesses cenários, para promover a melhoraria da qualidade do serviço prestado. / Introduction: The day-care center is a promising alternative for the integral attention for elderlies. It develops the promotion of health, prevention of health dangers, recovery, and rehabilitation, aimed at an active aging for the elderly. Objectives: Identify activities for the health promotion and health danger prevention developed in a day-care center for elderly by promoting health, participation, safety and education; validate the content of such activities, in order to provide subsidies and assessment of services provided in a day-care center for the elderly. Method: Methodological study was carried out in three phases: identification of care activities for elderly developed in day-care centers; selection and description of activities concerning health promotion and health danger prevention, according to health, participation, safety and education principles; validation of activities content carried out by nine specialists. The established consensus rate was at 80%, and activities were assessed based on relevance, clearness, pertinence and simplicity. The data collection period for the first and second phases was between October and December 2013, and between September and November 2014 for the third phase. Results: The jury assessed eight activities, and specialists suggested to include two activities. They are classified as follows: concerning health: functional capacity and weakness, food and nutrition, hygiene and comfort, drugs of continuous use and handling and cognitive stimulation; concerning participation: the socio-cultural activities, acceptance and monitoring and spiritual/religious support; concerning safety:assessment and control of risk factor for falls; concerning education: educational activities. In the end, 82 items were assessed. 100% of them were considered relevant; 91.4% were considered clear; 97.5% were considered pertinent; and 92.6% were considered simple. Only nine items have not achieved the proposed consensus. Eight out of them were close to the proposed consensus rate at 77% and only one, with 66%, was excluded, according to specialists\' orientations. The major part of jurys suggestions were related to clearness and simplicity of descriptions. The jurys assessment enabled the elaboration of the Elderly Attention Activities Guide, which are carried out in day-care centers, aiming at the active aging. Conclusions: The study organized the activities to be developed in day-care centers in relation to care. The Guide can support the administrators and professionals to assessing the day-care centers, and, therefore, improving the quality of provided service.

L'approche démocratique des CPE est reconnue pour favoriser les compétences sociales des enfants. Or, bien que les hommes ne représentent que 4 % du personnel éducateur, des études relatent que leurs approches diffèrent de celles des femmes, et que cette complémentarité peut contribuer au développement positif des enfants. La présente étude a pour objectifs: 1) d'évaluer le lien entre trois aspects des conduites éducatives démocratiques des éducateurs et des éducatrices (la qualité des consignes, le partage du contrôle et les échanges affectifs) et les compétences sociales des enfants; 2) vérifier s'il existe des différences entre les éducatrices et les éducateurs sur ces trois aspects des conduites éducatives. Les données ont été recueillies à partir de l'observation directe de 17 éducateurs et de 19 éducatrices en situation de jeu dyadique avec un garçon et une fille (62 observations au total). Les conduites éducatives sont évaluées à partir d'une grille de fréquence et les compétences sociales par le Profil Socio-Affectif (Dumas et coll., 1995).

Thesis (MOccTher)--Stellenbosch University, 2011. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Play is widely acknowledged as a cornerstone of childhood development. Its significance stretches beyond developing cognitive abilities and school readiness to the development of social skills, emotional expression and well-being. The milieu, or environment, is recognized as highly influential with regards to occupational performance; the play environment is therefore also of great importance to child development. However, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the assessment of this play environment, especially in a developing country context. This study therefore focuses on the play environment at South African crèches, specifically with regards to assessing the environmental factors impacting children’s play, namely play space, play objects, play time and play mates (including caregivers). The National Guidelines of ECD Services in South Africa had already set standards relating to play space, play time and caregiver ratio’s at crèches. Criteria for play objects were established as part of this study through an extensive literature review. These criteria were then applied in a quantitative, cross-sectional descriptive survey at registered crèches in Macassar, a community in the Cape Flats outside Cape Town. The survey results indicated that crèches complied to play space and play time regulations, but that not all crèches complied with the regulations regarding caregiver-child ratio’s and play object adequacy. The crèches especially lacked in gross motor play objects. These findings emphasize the importance of establishing practical criteria and guidelines for all aspects of the play environment and enforcing those standards at day care crèches. The study also provides a useful framework for measuring the adequacy of the play environment at South African crèches. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Spel is ‘n belangrike hoeksteen in kinderontwikkeling en het ‘n noemenswaardige impak op kognitiewe ontwikkeling, skoolgereedheid, die ontwikkeling van sosiale vaardighede, uitdrukking van emosies en algemene welstand. Die milieu, of omgewing, word wyd aangeslaan vir die invloed wat dit op arbeidsverrigting uitoefen en die spelomgewing is daarom belangrik. Daar is egter ‘n tekort in kennis aangaande die spel omgewing, veral in die konteks van ‘n ontwikkelende land soos Suid-Afrika. Hierdie studie bestudeer dus die spel omgewing in Suid-Afrikaanse dagsorgsentrums. Speel-spasie, speeltyd, speelgoed en speel-maats vorm saam die omgewingsfaktore wat op die spel omgewing impakteer en die studie fokus dus op hierdie vier faktore. Die Nasionale Riglyne vir Voorskoolse Kinder Ontwikkeling in Suid Afrika het reeds standaarde gestel ten opsigte van die vewagte fisiese spasie, speeltyd en die getal kinders tot versorgers (versorger-kind verhouding) by Suid Afrikaanse dagsorg sentrums. Kriteria wat meet of daar voldoende speelgoed beskikbaar is vir kinders se optimale ontwikkeling is na aanleiding van ‘n literatuurstudie ontwikkel. Hierdie kriteria, tesame met die kriteria wat deur die Nasionale Riglyne gestel is, is gebruik om die spelomgewing by dagsorg-sentrums in die Macassar gemeenskap op die Kaapse Vlaktes net buite Kaapstad te meet d.m.v ‘n beskrywende opname. Volgens die sensus resultate voldoen die dagsorgsentrums wel aan kriteria ten opsigte van fisiese spasie en beplande speeltyd, maar ontbreek hulle ten opsigte van die versorger-kind verhouding. Die resultate dui ook aan dat al die dagsorg-sentrums nie voldoende speelgoed gehad het om die volle spektrum van kinderontwikkeling te dek nie. Hulle het veral ontbreek in speelgoed vir grof-motoriese spel. Die studie beklemtoon die belang van praktiese en spesifieke riglyne en standaarde sowel as die implementering van hierdie standaarde. Die studie verskaf ook ‘n raamwerk wat gebruik kan word in die assesering van die spel omgewing in ‘n ontwikkelende konteks, sowel as om toekomstige intervensies te lei.