No description available.

No description available.

Dissertation based on a comparative qualitative study of Franco-Ontarian and Quebec English-speaking postsecondary students. / Kymlicka (2007) identifies three diversity silos in Canada: Indigenous peoples, official bilingualism, and multiculturalism encompassing immigrants and ethnic groups. This dissertation falls within the official bilingualism silo and explores linguistic identity, boundary work and social status amongst Franco-Ontarian and Quebec English-Speaking postsecondary students. Using a qualitative approach, semi-structured interviews were conducted in Montreal, Ottawa and Toronto between January and June 2014 with 36 participants in English and French. First, this dissertation investigates how Franco-Ontarian and Quebec English-Speaking postsecondary students choose to self- identify, define, and enact their linguistic identity. Second, many questions aim to gauge potential symbolic linguistic boundaries, their porosity, and the role of bilingualism. Third, this dissertation delves into participants’ experiences of discrimination based on language or linguicism. Fourth, this inquiry examines if: a) the participants believe that bilingualism is highly esteemed and respected as a social status, b) if they believe that language is a commodity, c) and independently of their belief, if bilingualism results in a cosmopolitan lifestyle. Certain themes permeate all the chapters. Franco-Ontarian postsecondary students experience linguistic insecurity and express concerns for the future of French in their communities. While Quebec English-speaking postsecondary students do not voice fear for the future of the English language, they reveal a deep desire to be recognized as belonging in Quebec society. Some policy implications are discussed in the conclusion. / Dissertation / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / Francophones outside of Quebec and Quebec Anglophones are official language minorities with rights enshrined in the 1985 revised Official Languages Act. Their postsecondary experiences are less studied than their elementary and high school pathways. This dissertation summarizes the results of a study about the beliefs, attitudes and thoughts of Franco-Ontarian and Quebec English-Speaking postsecondary students about their linguistic identity, culture, their education, and the role of bilingualism in their lives. In order to do so, interviews were completed in Montreal, Ottawa and Toronto with CEGEP, college and university students or recent graduates between January and June 2014 with a total of 36 participants. The results indicate that historical linguistic conflicts and the contemporary political context influence the responses of each group. The interviews also reveal that Quebec English-speaking participants want to be fully accepted as Quebecers while Franco-Ontarian participants worry for the future of their communities.

ABSTRACT Spain currently has, within the range of geographical areas and autonomous communities, five official languages: Galician (Galicia), Basque, Basque (Bilbao), Catalan (Barcelona), Valencian (Valencia) and Spanish which enjoy official prestige. Thus, Castilian, a language derived from the area of Castile, acquired its prolonged development from Asturias. This last pure language without a mixture of Mozarabic invasion, cultivated and developed since the Reconquista in Covadonga (a place located in the Picos de Europa, located to the north in the Asturian and Cantabrian area), made Pelayo king in 718 B.C. This last language, Spanish, is the main official language of all of Spain. The main purpose of this sociolinguistic research is to openly expose facsimiles and barriers that have arisen over time, which have been the object of obstacles, thus preventing the official status of the Asturian language. Which has been one of the oldest languages concerning other bordering areas of autonomous communities. History shows a current generation represented by older adults and peasants by profession, who still maintain oral speech discourses of ”Bable” (the Asturian language) that are still alive. This generation of adults will be responsible for leaving their oral and written legacy of the Asturian language to their preceding generations. At the end of the research, the objective is to point out the importance of the official status of the Asturian language which allows and is a clear identity of the local citizenship, that is, the Asturians. In other words, the Asturians currently represent the legacy of the area, including its Asturian language, and those who enjoy freedom of expression and civil and moralright, thus protecting the languages, in the different autonomous communities of the Spain today. Keywords: Asturian language, official spanish languages, linguistic identity, Asturians, official barriers, linguistic attitudes, spanish languages, official recognition

published_or_final_version / Public Administration / Master / Master of Public Administration

published_or_final_version / Public Administration / Master / Master of Public Administration

This Master´s thesis analyses ethical dilemmas through a theory of three administrative ethics. These three ethics derives from the aspects of sustainable development. The purpose is to combine modern scholars’ requirements of administrative ethics, ideas of how public officials should work and sustainable development as a high ethical goal. Hence the aim is to design an approach and practical understanding of sustainable ethics within public administration. The research applies an empirical and qualitative method, including three elite interviews and a case study. Ethical dilemmas as an ethical phenomenon is used as an analytic tool the can test a practical use of the theory. The interviews are meant to collect experiences from public officials on ethical dilemmas in relation to sustainable development. One case was studied in debt, namely a dilemma situation in Swedish municipality Enköping, where politicians in the Environmental board actively and repeatedly chose not to follow the Environmental Code. A conclusion from the results is that ethical dilemmas in many cases can be illustrate with the theory of sustainable ethics. Moreover, the results show that the interviewees have a restrictive view of how they can and should work as public servants compared with modern scholars’ arguments of more political working public officials. The title of this research ends with a question mark that intend to challenge the reader with a mindset that sustainable ethics requires more than one specific ethic.

O presente estudo busca revelar os significados do curso de formação em serviço Programa Ler e Escrever para um grupo de professoras de primeira à quarta série do ensino Fundamental, para as Coordenadoras Pedagógicas que atuam como formadoras e para o vicediretor de uma escola municipal considerada modelo na zona norte de São Paulo. Tomamos como base as iniciativas governamentais que têm lançado programas de formação em serviço para as unidades de ensino, com o objetivo de melhorar a qualidade da educação básica e procuramos entender de que forma um curso de formação pensado por especialistas do DOT Departamento de Orientação Técnica vem sendo recebido por um grupo de professoras e por gestores de uma escola com tradição formativa em seu histórico. Partimos do pressuposto de que os cursos de formação oficiais são incorporados, rejeitados, adaptados, ressignificados pelos sujeitos que deles participam como formadores e alunos. Utilizamos a etnografia como metodologia, para observação e para a análise dos dados. Participamos do curso de formação desenvolvido nessa unidade escolar por um ano, registramos, praticamente, tudo o que ocorria no diário de campo e fizemos entrevistas individuais com os participantes do Programa Ler e Escrever realizado na própria unidade de ensino. Verificamos que o significado dos programas oficiais mostra-se divergente numa mesma unidade de ensino. Os conteúdos do curso são elogiados por algumas professoras, criticado por outras e ressignificado por algumas. Para as Coordenadoras pedagógicas, que atuam como formadoras, o curso oficial representa uma possibilidade de interferir na prática docente, inserindo conteúdos diversificados em relação à leitura e á escrita. Para o gestor (vice-diretor) o Programa Ler e Escrever é uma forma de interferir na prática e na rotina das professoras, promovendo mudanças. Constatamos que os conteúdos do programa são inseridos na prática docente, porém de forma específica, de acordo com o significado que possuem para cada educadora. Verificamos que os programas de formação de professores devem considerar o saber docente e do ciclo de vida profissional dos mesmos. Concluímos que os projetos de formação em serviço devem ser construídos coletivamente pela equipe escolar, e que os problemas vivenciados na escola precisam ser entendidos como responsabilidade de todos. / This study tries to show the meanings of an in-service education course \"Programa Ler e Escrever\" for a group of teachers of the first to the fourth grade in elementary school, for pedagogical coordinators, who work as teachers of the teachers and for the vice-principal of a city school considered a model in the North Zone of Sao Paulo. We adopted the governmental initiatives as a base, which have released in-service education program for teaching units with the purpose to improve the elementary educational quality and tried to understand in which way a formation course, thought be specialists from DOT - Departamento de Orientação Técnica -, has been accepted by a group of teachers and managers in a school with formative background in its history. We assume the official formation programs are incorporated, rejected, adapted, reinterpreted by the people involved, being teachers or students. We use the Ethnography as methodology, as observation and data analysis. We have taken part in the formation course developed in this teaching unit for a year, and have registered, practically, everything that occurred in a field diary and also had individual interviews with the participants of the \"Ler e Escrever\" program that took place in the same educational unit. We saw that the meaning of the official programs can diverge in the same educational unit. The course content was extolled by some of the teachers, criticized by others and reinterpreted by some. According with the pedagogical coordinators, who work as teachers, the official course represents a possibility to interfere on teaching, including diversified content regarding to reading and writing. According with the vice-principal the \"Ler e Escrever\" program should consider the teacher\'s knowledge and their professional life cycles. We conclude that the in-service education should be built, collectively, by the school staff, and the problems lived in school must be understood as a responsibility of all.

Esta tese apresenta uma reflexão acerca dos conhecimentos sobre a fauna e a flora do Novo Mundo produzidos pelas instituições vinculadas à Coroa espanhola entre os anos de 1570 e 1620. Para tanto, optou-se pela análise das crônicas oficiais e dos documentos expedidos pelo Consejo de Indias que demandavam informações sobre o mundo natural americano. As configurações e as funções que assumiam os saberes sobre os animais e as plantas nas estruturas burocráticas e no espaço discursivo das crônicas oficiais são elementos analisados ao longo dos quatro capítulos que compõem a tese. No primeiro apartado, além de discussões teóricas e historiográficas sobre as relações entre império, conhecimento e ciência, foram examinadas algumas das cédulas e instruções enviadas pelo Consejo de Indias a diferentes partes do continente no período anterior a 1570. O segundo capítulo foi dedicado à análise da reforma empreendida por Juan de Ovando no Consejo de Indias, sobretudo, em relação às leis e demandas relativas à coleta de dados e construção de conhecimentos sobre o continente americano, também foram discutidos aspectos relacionados à criação do cargo de cosmógrafo o cronista maior das Índias. O terceiro capítulo está dedicado ao exame das obras do primeiro cosmógrafo e cronista maior das Índias, Juan López de Velasco. O último capítulo está centrado no estudo dos dois cronistas oficiais das Índias que atuaram durante o reinado de Felipe III: Antonio de Herrera y Tordesillas e Pedro de Valencia. Com a análise desse conjunto documental, pretendemos evidenciar a configuração de uma cultura epistêmica no seio das instituições oficiais, a qual estava em diálogo com tradições letradas e científicas do período, bem como com os anseios de constituição de uma ideia de império para a Monarquia Hispânica. / This thesis presents a reflection about the knowledge of the New Worlds fauna and flora, generated by the institutions linked to the Spanish Crown between the years of 1570 and 1620. For this, it was opted for the analysis of the official chronicles and documents issued by Consejo de Indias that demanded information about the American natural world. The configurations and the functions that took on the knowledge about animals and plants in the bureaucratic structures and in the discursive space of the official chronicles are analyzed elements during the four chapters that compound the thesis. In the first part, beyond the theoretical and historiographical discussions about the relationships among the empire, knowledge and science, were examined some of the documents and instructions sent by Consejo de Indias to different parts of the continent in the period before 1570. The second chapter was dedicated to the analysis of the reform made by Juan de Ovando in Consejo de Indias, mainly with regard to laws and demands linked to data gathering and knowledge building about the American continent and also were discussed aspects related to the creation of the cosmographer-chronicler major of Indies position. The third chapter is dedicated to the examination of the first cosmographer-chronicler major of Indies Juan Lopez de Velascos work. The last chapter is focused on the analysis of two Indies official chroniclers that acted during Felipe IIIs reign: Antonio de Herrera y Tordesillas and Pedro de Valencia. With the analysis of this documentation, it is intended to emphasize the configuration of an epistemic culture within the official institutions, culture related to literate and scientific traditions of that period as well as to the desire to establish an idea of empire for the Hispanic monarchy.

Esta tese parte da função substantiva da Filologia ao realizar a transcrição semidiplomática de cem documentos oficiais setecentistas chancelados no período de 1765 a 1775. Esse conjunto contempla exemplares da documentação administrativa ascendente (ativa) e descendente (passiva) do Governador e Capitão-General da capitania de São Paulo, o Morgado de Mateus. O Morgado de Mateus é ora autor, ora interlocutor da Coroa Portuguesa, personificada na autoridade superior do Rei Dom José, que é representado pelo ministro do Reino, o Conde de Oeiras (posteriormente, Marquês de Pombal) e por dois secretários do Reino, Francisco Xavier de Mendonça Furtado e Martinho de Melo e Castro. Com base nas funções filológica, adjetiva e transcendente, analisam-se os documentos do corpus com o apoio das ciências auxiliares da Filologia: a Codicologia, a Crítica Textual, a Diplomática e a Paleografia. A partir dessas abordagens, retratam-se padrões de diferenciação de ordem codicológica, diplomática e paleográfica entre os documentos ativos e os passivos. A oposição entre documentos ativos e passivos (ou ascendentes e descendentes) também se estabelece em nível textual. Para a identificação de diferentes padrões discursivos no corpus, partimos de pressupostos da Linguística Sistêmico-Funcional (LSF), prescrita por Halliday e Matthiessen (2004), que considera a língua como uma rede de sistemas capaz de produzir significados de acordo com o contexto em que é utilizada. A língua, concebida como um sistema aberto e dinâmico orientado para a ação e para a reflexão, é empregada tanto para construir e comunicar as experiências humanas quanto para a negociação das relações interpessoais envolvidas na comunicação, cumprindo as duas metafunções ideacional e interpessoal. Complementar a elas, a metafunção textual seria a codificação dos textos, como processos de significação da língua, produzidos em relação a um dado contexto de ordem situacional e sociocultural. A importância atribuída ao contexto pela LSF acrescenta o viés da contextualização histórica às análises da construção e da estruturação discursivo-textual do corpus. Em tais análises destaca-se a metafunção interpessoal por meio das marcas linguísticas indicativas de valoração. Por conta desses destaques, adota-se a Teoria da Avaliatividade postulada por Martin e White (2005). Dessa forma, apoiadas as análises em pressupostos teórico-metodológicos que permitem um refinamento analítico nos subsistemas da Atitude, da Gradação e do Engajamento, reiteraram-se as distinções entre os eixos ascendente e descendente do corpus. Para aprofundar as análises, classificaram-se os documentos, tendo-se em vista o tipo de negociação intersubjetiva almejado. Em acréscimo ao levantamento dos recursos avaliativos pelos quais se vislumbram aspectos da intersubjetividade e da ideologia em voga, mapeiam-se as fórmulas inerentes à documentação oficial administrativa. A associação das perspectivas filológica e discursiva adotadas visam a comprovar a hipótese central desta tese, que é a seguinte: a correspondência oficial analisada apresenta diferentes padrões filológicos e discursivos, condicionados por fatores socioculturais e linguísticos que incidem sobre quem escreve e sobre quem controla a escrita desses documentos. / This doctoral dissertation deals with the substantive function of Philology by performing the semidiplomatic transcription of 100 eighteenth-century official documents registered by the chancelleries within the period from 1765 to 1775. This range of official handwritten documents covers examples of the administrative documentation as much the ascendant type (active) as the descendant type (passive) of the governor and captain-general of the captaincy of São Paulo, the Morgado de Mateus. The Morgado de Mateus figures as the author in the active documents and in the passive ones as the interlocutor of the Portuguese Kingdom, which is personified by the superior authority of the King Joseph I. The king is represented by the minister of the Kingdom, the Count of Oeiras (posteriorly, the Marquis of Pombal) and its two secretaries, Francisco Xavier de Mendonça Furtado and Martinho de Melo e Castro. The analysis of the corpus is developed on the basis of the philological, adjective and transcendent functions and supported by the light of auxiliary sciences of Philology: the Codicology, the Textual Criticism, the Diplomatic and the Paleography. Patterns of differentiation of codicologic, diplomatic and paleographic order depict from this sort of approach among the active and passive documents. The opposition between the active and the passive documents (or ascendant and descendant) is also established at the discursive level. The main theoretical premises behind the attempt of identifying different discursive patterns from the corpus are those of the Systemic-Functional Linguistic shared by Halliday and Matthiessen (2004), which consider the language as a web of systems capable of producing significance according to the context in which it is used. The language assumed as an open and dynamic system oriented to the acting and the thinking is employed as much in order to build and communicate human experiences as to negotiate interpersonal relationships involved in communication, accomplishing both metafunctions, ideational and interpersonal. The textual metafunction, as a complement to these, is to be the codification of the texts, as processes of significance in language produced in relation to a given context of situational and sociocultural order. The importance attached to the context by the Systemic-Functional Linguistic designs the lines of historical contextualization to the analysis of the discursive-textual construction and structuring of the corpus. On these grounds, the analysis evidences the interpersonal metafunction by means of the linguistics marks indicating valuation. This study adopts the Appraisal Theory postulated by Martin and White (2005) for the reason of these evidences. In this way, analysis based on theoretic-methodological premises that allow the analytical refining of the subsystems of Attitude, Graduation and Engagement reaffirmed the distinctiveness between the ascendant and the descendant axles of the corpus. Aiming the deepening of the present studies, the documents are classified according to the type of intersubjective negotiation targeted. In addition to the collecting of evaluative resources, by which we envisioned some aspects of the trending intersubjectivity and ideology, this work presents a mapping of the formula inherent to the administrative official documentation. From the outcome of our investigation, carried out through the association of the philological and the discursive perspective, it is provided confirmatory evidence to prove the central hypothesis of this work: the official correspondence analyzed demonstrates the existence of different philological and discursive patterns that are conditioned by factors from sociocultural and linguistic order affecting who writes the documents and also who controls the writing of these sort of papers.