O presente trabalho pretende discutir o gênero epidítico em Pero de Magalhães Gandavo, consistindo na análise das obras História da Província de Santa Cruz e Tratado da Terra do Brasil, em que aflora o discurso encomiástico adotado pelo autor em relação ao Brasil, buscando entender de que maneira construiu Gandavo, um homem beletrista, a imagem do Brasil. / This thesis will discuss the demonstrative genre in Pero de Magalhães Gandavo. It consists of the analysis of the work História da Província de Santa Cruz e Tratado da Terra do Brasil, in which appears the eulogistic discourse in relation to Brazil, as a path to understand the way Gandavo, a man of belles-lettres, built the image of Brazil.

O objetivo central desta pesquisa é analisar um amplo conjunto de histórias nahuas pictoglíficas e alfabéticas do início do período colonial para entender os usos identitários e as funções políticas que as representações de Chicomoztoc, o Lugar das Sete Cavernas, desempenhavam entre as elites nahuas nessa época. A hipótese inicial é que as representações desse importante elemento identitário das entidades políticas nahuas de tempos pré-hispânicos (os altepeme) passou por transformações em seus usos e funções, mas continuou a ocupar um papel central para as concepções nahuas de história e poder político que vigoraram entre as elites nahuas da Nova Espanha, que reescreveram as histórias de seus antepassados, à luz do novo contexto, utilizando-as, inclusive, na busca de legitimidade da posse de terras e privilégios diante de instituições do governo novo-hispano. Com isso, consideramos que o entendimento dos distintos usos historiográficos de Chicomoztoc nas histórias nahuas coloniais nos auxiliará a entender como as elites nahuas atuaram no período colonial inicial, um momento marcado pela perda de seus privilégios diante do crescente poderio dos espanhóis. / The main goal of the present research is to analyse a vast group of Nahua histories both alphabetic and pictographic from the beginning of the colonial period in order to understand its identifying uses and the political roles which the representations of Chicomoztoc, the Place of the Seven Caves, assumed amongst the Nahua elite of said time. The start hypothesis is that the representations of such important element of identity of Nahua political entities of the Pre-Hispanic period (the altepeme) have undergone transformations in use and purpose but kept a central role in the conceptions of History and political power for the Nahua elite of New Spain, who re-wrote the History of their ancestors according the new order, even using them to legitimate landowning and privileges before new-Hispanic institutions. Based on that we believe that the understanding of the different historiographical uses of Chicomoztoc in colonial Nahua History will help us comprehend how the Nahua elites acted during the first colonial period, a moment discernible by the loss of privileges in front of the increasing Spanish power.

This thesis traces the production process of colonial urban space in Seoul. In particular, the research analyses how the space of the dead (the gravesite) was transformed into a space of urban settlers during the colonial period. The Government General Korea introduced the burial rule in 1912, the first modern law of its kind, to control (the space of) the dead within the realm of the state. At the core of the 1912 burial rule was the prohibition of long-standing interment customs - such as feng-shui-based private gravesites - and the installation of public cemeteries as the only place for interment. The rule also introduced cremation into Korean society, a practice that had long been taboo. The gravesite had embodied significant meaning and served important functions within Korean society in the past, but the burial rule changed the whole relationship between the living and the gravesite. Indeed, as this thesis shows, the burial rule was one of the governing strategies deployed in shaping and transforming Koreans' institutions, physical space, and consciousness. To capture the inter-relational mechanisms between the transformation of the gravesite and the wider urban development of the colonial capital Seoul, the thesis uses a unique theoretical and analytical framework, which the author calls 'institutional political economy.' Through this framework and echoing Lefebvre's spatial triad of the production of space, this thesis argues that urban space is produced through the dialectical relations of the institutions, material space, and experience/consciousness. The gravesite, especially in Seoul, underwent a major transformation during the colonial period, which consequently had a substantial impact on Koreans' attitudes towards and notions of death and the gravesite. The thesis demonstrates how these changing attitudes corresponded and interacted with the capitalist urbanisation of Seoul, which would ultimately produce a new urban landscape and urban consciousness and subjectivity within modern Seoul.

No description available.

Memórias económicas de África Colonial Portuguesa. António Lobo de Almada Negreiros

Il s’agit dans ce travail d’étudier la formation et les transformations d’une élite urbaine à travers le prisme du cabildo de Puebla de Los Angeles en Nouvelle-Espagne, ville fondée par les Espagnols en 1531. L‘élite, qui se met en place dans les premières années, est essentiellement issue du monde des conquistadores. La charge de regidor est alors une grâce royale reçue en récompense de leur participation à la conquête. Des relations étroites se nouent entre les différents regidores qui, rapidement, forment un même clan familial dominé par les Díaz de Vargas et les Villanueva. Mais à partir de 1591 et la mise en place de la vénalité des offices, les cartes sont redistribuées. De nouveaux membres issus d’autres groupes sociaux et économiques entrent au cabildo : les obrajeros et les mercaderes. S’ensuivent des tensions entre les différents groupes et une recomposition de cette élite non plus sur des bases militaires mais économiques, recomposition impulsée par des stratégies familiales diverses. La formation de cette nouvelle élite, dominée par les mercaderes, n’a pas entrainé la disparition de l’ancienne, au contraire, elle lui est nécessaire pour acquérir le statut social qui lui manque. Ainsi ce nouveau groupe de regidores plus hétérogène rassemble toutes les composantes de l’élite économique et sociale de la ville de Puebla : conquistadores, obrajeros et mercaderes. / The goal of this contribution is to study the construction and the evolution of the elite through the structure of the "cabildo" of Puebla de Los Angeles in New Spain. This city was founded by spaniars settlers in 1531. The elite that was stablished during the very first years is essentially composed by spaniards conquerors. The office of "regidor" is then a royal grace received as a reward for their participation in the conquest war. Very close relationships are established between the different regidores who, quickly, form the same family clan dominated by the Díaz de Vargas and the Villanueva. But as of 1591 and the establishment of the venality process of the offices, the cards are redistributed. New members from other social and economic groups enter the cabildo: the obrajeros and the mercaderes. There follows tensions between the different groups and a recomposition of this elite no longer following military bases but economic, recomposition driven by different family strategies. The composition of this new elite, dominated by the mercaderes, did not lead to the disappearance of the old one. On the contrary, it is necessary for the new power class to acquire the lacking social status. Thus this new group has all the components of the new economic and social elite of the city of Puebla: conquistadores, obrajeros and mercaderes

This thesis explores the subject of Japanese colonial language education in Taiwan and assimilation between 1895 and 1945. It examines the overall nature of Japanese colonial rule in Taiwan through its colonial policies, followed by a review of the history of Japanese colonial language education in Taiwan, the investigation of the Japanese colonial position on language education and assimilation, the establishment of the implementation of Japanese language education in Taiwan in areas of teaching methodologies and textbook compilation, and the determination of the effects of Japanese language education on assimilation in Taiwan. The thesis further seeks to determine the link between a Taiwanese identity and the Taiwanese who were ruled and educated under Japanese colonial rule. The views of both the elite and common Taiwanese who lived through the colonial era are examined.The aim of this thesis is to test the hypothesis whether Japanese colonial education in Taiwan achieved assimilation among the Taiwanese as claimed by Japanese colonial authorities. Through the official facts and figures provided by Japanese colonial authorities, they seemed to prove a successful case of assimilation among the Taiwanese. However, through close scrutiny of these official facts and figures and reality backed up by the oral accounts of the Taiwanese and conscientious observations by the Japanese, it is found that the claims made by Japanese colonial authorities in the case of assimilation through Japanese language education are highly contestable. By interviewing those who experienced Japanese language education during the colonial period, further insights into the formation of post-colonial Taiwanese identities are gained. This study contributes to studies on Taiwans subsequent socio-linguistic developments in the post-colonial period.

This is a study of the early colonial period of the Río de la Plata from first contact in 1516 to the emergence of a predominantly mestizo population in Asunción by 1580. The central focus of the study is the period from 1537, when Spaniards founded Asunción in the territories of the Guaraní-speaking Carios, until the establishment of the encomienda, a colonial labour system, in 1556. Through a close reading of archival documents and chronicles, the study presents a narrative history of the transcultural dynamics of Spanish-Guaraní relations, including the convergence of kinship and alliances, cacique and conquistador rivalries, competing spiritual beliefs of shamanism and Catholicism, and the role of castaways, lenguas (interpreters) indigenous women, priests, and mestizos as intermediaries. How these transcultural dynamics were dominated by indigenous norms until 1556, and how they shaped the cultural, social, and spiritual dimensions of mestizaje (racial mixing) are analysed. The study covers key moments in the conquest and early colonial period. These include Sebastián Caboto’s exploration of the Río de la Plata from 1527 to 1529; Pedro de Mendoza’s armada to the Río de la Plata in 1535 that led to the founding of Asunción in 1537 and the first governorship of Domingo Martínez de Irala from 1539 to 1542; the rule of Asunción by Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca as adelantado from 1542 to 1544; and Domingo Martínez de Irala’s second governorship of the region from 1544 to 1556. An in-depth examination of the establishment of the encomienda is undertaken to consider how cultural identification, social status, and ethnic distinctions were reconfigured between the Cario and other Guaraní-speaking groups, the Spanish, and mestizos after 1556. The study concludes with an analysis of the Oberá Rebellion of 1579-80 as an example of how kinship and warrior norms, Christianity, and shamanistic practices converged in indigenous resistance to colonial rule.

This is a study of the early colonial period of the Río de la Plata from first contact in 1516 to the emergence of a predominantly mestizo population in Asunción by 1580. The central focus of the study is the period from 1537, when Spaniards founded Asunción in the territories of the Guaraní-speaking Carios, until the establishment of the encomienda, a colonial labour system, in 1556. Through a close reading of archival documents and chronicles, the study presents a narrative history of the transcultural dynamics of Spanish-Guaraní relations, including the convergence of kinship and alliances, cacique and conquistador rivalries, competing spiritual beliefs of shamanism and Catholicism, and the role of castaways, lenguas (interpreters) indigenous women, priests, and mestizos as intermediaries. How these transcultural dynamics were dominated by indigenous norms until 1556, and how they shaped the cultural, social, and spiritual dimensions of mestizaje (racial mixing) are analysed. The study covers key moments in the conquest and early colonial period. These include Sebastián Caboto’s exploration of the Río de la Plata from 1527 to 1529; Pedro de Mendoza’s armada to the Río de la Plata in 1535 that led to the founding of Asunción in 1537 and the first governorship of Domingo Martínez de Irala from 1539 to 1542; the rule of Asunción by Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca as adelantado from 1542 to 1544; and Domingo Martínez de Irala’s second governorship of the region from 1544 to 1556. An in-depth examination of the establishment of the encomienda is undertaken to consider how cultural identification, social status, and ethnic distinctions were reconfigured between the Cario and other Guaraní-speaking groups, the Spanish, and mestizos after 1556. The study concludes with an analysis of the Oberá Rebellion of 1579-80 as an example of how kinship and warrior norms, Christianity, and shamanistic practices converged in indigenous resistance to colonial rule.

Master of Arts / Department of English / Katherine Karlin / Fintan O’Toole proposes that Irish modernist writers could afford to be “opaque, allusive, densely textured” (410). Contrastingly, he posits that contemporary Irish writers, who engage in the simple ritual of words, believe that “the accumulation of potent and precise detail, if it is sufficiently thoroughly imagined, will call the universe into being” (412). The later microcosmic approach to storytelling has the power to speak to the same philosophical ideas, falling away from “the high ambition of Irish modernism” (412). “Roinnt Scéalta: Some Stories about Irish People” examines financial globalization and social progress in Ireland through careful observation of daily life, simple fragments of Irish characters’ lives, stripped-down to small moments that stand for larger public truths: Irish wives still want holidays to Europe, Irish men still wish to gamble and be independent of authority in their work, young adults still emigrate to America. Yet there are new truths: Black children speak Irish in Gael scoils, children of Polish and Chinese immigrants play hurling and Gaelic football in Croke Park, and African men set up window-washing services in small Irish towns. These stories evoke the voices of the displaced to convey the ways in which Ireland is shifting, socially and economically: Frank has lost his job as a painter, and the strain it causes on his marriage forces him into a job for a large corporation; Peo, having demolished his way through Dublin to pave space for apartments he could never afford and businesses he would never patron, finds work providing simple comfort to Buffalo, who is at the mercy of state-supported healthcare and monthly welfare checks; Iarla is convinced by Seán that moving to America will remedy his sense of deflation toward the Irish job market. While the progression of social norms is queried in these stories, they still reinforce and embody many of the sweeping generalizations associated with Irish fiction. This collection delves into the minds and morals of the displaced Irish working class, focusing oftentimes on the pub and the inner-workings of local, social politics in a fictional small town on the skirt of Dublin’s southside.