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A case study research design was employed to examine the cultural reproduction, segmented assimilation and religious schooling experiences of immigrant Muslim parents and students at an Islamic day school. Research Site: The research site was the Nur Islamic Academy, a Pre-school-12th grade licensed private Islamic day school located in a north-eastern city in the United States. The student body composition was 55% immigrant and 45% African-American Muslims. The school was an edifice in an urban Arab enclave. This ethnic neighborhood was experiencing capital flight, uneven development and urban decay. Research Questions: Three core questions guided this study. What is the functionality of Islamic schooling as a vehicle of cultural reproduction? How do religiosity and the presentation of Islamic rituals serve students and families as opportunities for affirmation? What experiences carry the immigrant's identity? Research Design: The case study research design consisted of interviews, an immigrant student focus group, attitudinal parental survey, observations and archival investigations. Theoretical Framework: The theoretical framework of this study was cultural reproduction. Segmented assimilation, urban, ethnic, Muslim and immigrant identity theories were incorporated throughout this discourse. Data Analysis: Content Analysis methodologies were used to classify transcribed audio-taped interviews,observations and archival investigations into themes. The targeted population of this study did not respond well to survey data collection. Therefore the survey results were inconclusive. Outliers were identified and noted. The interpretations, conclusions, and discussions were supported with a literature synthesis. All participants were anonymous Findings: The findings of this study suggest that the Muslim expatriates in this urban immigrant settlement consciously used Islamic schooling as an institutional mode of intergenerational cultural reproduction. They elected to carry and hold their home cultures and Arabian heritage as they nestled into this urban landscape. Conclusions:The Nur Islamic Academy created an ethos that affirmed the parents, students and community member's Islamic belief system and Arabian heritage. Parents and students choose religious schooling as a means to ward-off the downward mobility that they associated with their neighborhood schools. Staff members and parents related that they have forgone full mainstream assimilation. Their preference was to actively participate in selective acculturation and incorporation processes as a segmented component of their day to day lives. 1. The Nur Islamic Academy and all other individual, organizational and institutional names are pseudonyms to maintain their anonymities. / Urban Education

Public sector organisations are established in order to promote the quality of citizen's lives through the provision of public services. However, the demands for public services often outstrip the limited resources at the disposal of the public sector for the delivery of such services. Public-private partnerships (PPPs) are emerging as an important tool of public policy to deliver public infrastructure and the attendant services. The main aim of this study is to establish the extent to which PPPs can be used to improve the quality of the delivery of secondary education in the Gaborone City area in Botswana. The study includes a conceptual analysis of the nature of the public services in general, and in particular, the nature and the provision of secondary education in Botswana with specific reference to the Gaborone City area. The study also includes a conceptual analysis of PPPs as gleaned from published literature. Various dimensions of PPPs are analysed and these include but are not limited to definitions, benefits, models and the antecedents for the successful implementation of PPPs. Among the various models that are analysed in the study, the design, build, operate and finance (DBOF) model is preferred for improving the quality of the delivery of secondary education in the Gaborone City area in Botswana. In addition to the conceptual analysis, an empirical research study is undertaken in which the secondary school heads are the respondents to a structured questionnaire. The results of the empirical research support the conceptual analysis to the extent that in both cases, it is possible to improve the quality of the delivery of secondary education through PPPs. More secondary schools can be built and more facilities be made available to schools. Through the use of PPPs, most if not all learners can receive the entire secondary education programme, from junior to senior secondary education. Existing secondary schools can be modernised through PPPs. Ancillary services can be delivered by the organisations that have the necessary expertise. Certain antecedents for the successful implementation of PPPs are necessary. Through PPPs, secondary schools can be made attractive and intellectually stimulating. / Public Administration / (D.Litt. et Phil. ( Public Administration))

The schooling of twins can be daunting and challenging for twins, parents and educators. Separation or non-separation during the foundation phase cannot be left to chance. The process of deciding whether it is in both twins’ best interest to school them together or separately relies on various factors, which includes premature birth, individuality, dominance, relationship type and friendship-forming patterns. Parties involved in making the decision must consider each twin’s emotional, cognitive, behavioural, and social development. Premature separation of twins can lead to internal as well as external behaviour problems, while non-separation of mature twins may be detrimental to each twin’s individual progress and development. The study aimed to identify the determining factors when deciding upon schooling twins together or separately when they enter into the foundation phase. Existing school policies regarding classroom allocation of twins were considered. Three sets of twins, including teachers, parents, twins and other significant individuals involved in the process of separation or non-separation, were interviewed. Based on the findings, recommendations were made to assist parents and educators in making informed decisions about the schooling of twins. / Psychology of Education / M. Ed. (Guidance and Counselling)

The main aim of the Diploma Theses is to prepare, verify in practice and evaluate museum educational programme for pupils from 12 to 18 (junior schools and secondary schools) which is devoted to the changes in schooling in 20th century. The aim is to introduce to pupils historical facts by the means of three educational programmes and interactive elements in the exhibition. Pupils work with topics covering World War II, 50s and so called normalization period. Throughout the educational process they will use period realia from the above mentioned periods, such as schoolbooks, educational boards and educational aids from the collection of Comenius National Pedagogical Museum and Library in Prague. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

The aim of my thesis titled "Josef Zeman's Contribution to Associational Life of People with Disablement" is to familiarize the readers more closely with Josef Zeman's contribution to the development of care for individuals with disablement, with respect to his participation in the federal movement. The accessible sources from the archives, period literature and Josef Zeman's estate were processed by the historical and analytical method. The introductory chapter maps the historical context of the time focusing on the legal aspects of the federal movement. Next part is devoted to the life stages and bibliography of Josef Zeman. The third chapter is focused on his active participation in improving the living conditions of disabled people through associational activities. The final part documents Josef Zeman's contribution in the field of special education.

The schooling of twins can be daunting and challenging for twins, parents and educators. Separation or non-separation during the foundation phase cannot be left to chance. The process of deciding whether it is in both twins’ best interest to school them together or separately relies on various factors, which includes premature birth, individuality, dominance, relationship type and friendship-forming patterns. Parties involved in making the decision must consider each twin’s emotional, cognitive, behavioural, and social development. Premature separation of twins can lead to internal as well as external behaviour problems, while non-separation of mature twins may be detrimental to each twin’s individual progress and development. The study aimed to identify the determining factors when deciding upon schooling twins together or separately when they enter into the foundation phase. Existing school policies regarding classroom allocation of twins were considered. Three sets of twins, including teachers, parents, twins and other significant individuals involved in the process of separation or non-separation, were interviewed. Based on the findings, recommendations were made to assist parents and educators in making informed decisions about the schooling of twins. / Psychology of Education / M. Ed. (Guidance and Counselling)

Située à l'extrême Sud de Madagascar, la région Androy connaît plusieurs particularités par rapport au reste du pays dans le domaine scolaire : les indicateurs de scolarisation et d'alphabétisation y sont les plus faibles de l'Île et les filles y apparaissent singulièrement plus scolarisées que les garçons au niveau primaire. Cherchant à comprendre ces singularités, cette recherche a pour objet l'étude de la (non-)scolarisation dans la région, sur le temps long (depuis l'avènement de l'école jusqu'à aujourd'hui). Afin de saisir la dynamique du fait scolaire et le sens des pratiques de scolarisation dans l'Androy, il s'agit de mettre à jour l'évolution des logiques et des enjeux qui se jouent dans les inter-relations entre politiques éducatives, offre scolaire et demandes sociales et familiales de scolarisation. Plus spécifiquement, il s'agit, d'une part, de comprendre le "retard" scolaire et caractériser l'évolution de la scolarisation dans l'Androy et, d'autre part, de révéler la pluralité des pratiques sociales et familiales face à l'école et les logiques qui les sous-tendent. Au croisement de la sociologie, de la démographie, de l'histoire et de l'anthropologie, cette recherche mobilise plusieurs sources, quantitatives et qualitatives, recoupées et critiquées à la lueur de leurs conditions de production : discours et statistiques (administratifs et scolaires) tirés des archives de la période coloniale, statistiques et énoncés de politiques éducatives du ministère de l'éducation, recensement de la population de 1993, enquête démographique et de santé 2008-09, enquête socio-anthropologique menée dans le district de Tsihombe. Contrairement à l'argument souvent avancé d'un "refus" de l'école par la population de la région, longtemps considérée comme "archaïque", "arriérée" et refusant le "progrès", cette recherche amène à entrevoir la complexité des facteurs expliquant le "retard scolaire" de l'Androy. Ces facteurs se déclinent et s'articulent entre le faible intérêt des pouvoirs successifs (coloniaux et post-coloniaux) pour le développement - scolaire ou plus général - de cette région; le refus de la "soumission" au pouvoir central et la méfiance vis-à-vis de l'administration et de l’État (fanjakana) et de l'institution qui en a formé les agents; les enjeux locaux de pouvoir dans la quête du savoir et de la culture scolaires; enfin, la capacité de l'école elle-même à permettre l'acquisition réelle de savoirs scolaires variable dans le temps et dans l'espace. En considérant la pauvreté comme multidimensionnelle et relative, cette recherche permet également de relativiser l'importance du capital économique dans les pratiques de scolarisation des familles. L'adhésion à l'école n'apparaît pas dialectiquement liée à la seule dimension monétaire et économique du capital possédé par les familles, mais plus intimement au capital social - au sens de Bourdieu - et à la capacité du capital scolaire à produire du capital symbolique. Dans la continuité de ce raisonnement, si les filles sont davantage scolarisées que les garçons depuis le milieu des années 1980, elles l'ont été dans un premier temps "par défaut" avant qu'une véritable préférence pour la scolarisation des filles n'émerge plus récemment. Ce phénomène récent semble renvoyer à l'élargissement du champ des possibles pour les femmes au sein de la société en même temps qu'un focus sur la scolarisation des filles et l' "empowerment" des femmes devient plus prégnant au niveau des pouvoirs publics et plus encore des organisations internationales intervenant dans la région. Si la scolarisation s'est fortement accrue au cours de la dernière décennie, la question des inégalités face à l'école demeure : moins d'un enfant sur deux accède à l'école dans la région, et moins d'un garçon sur trois, l'écart entre filles et garçons tendant à se creuser au détriment de ces derniers, du moins d'un point de vue statistique au niveau régional. / Located at the extreme South of Madagascar, the Androy Region has several specific characteristics compared to the rest of the country when it comes to schooling: enrollment and literacy indicators there are the lowest of the island, and school attendance is particularly higher among girls than among boys at the primary level. Seeking to understand these particularities, this research aims to study, over the long term (from the emergence of schools to today), school attendance or lack thereof in the region. With the goal of understanding school dynamics and school enrollment practices in the Androy Region, the research attempts to reveal the evolution of logics and stakes that play out in the inter-relations between education policy, school supply, and social and family demands regarding school attendance. More specifically, the aim is to understand the academic "lag" and describe school enrollment trends in the Androy Region; and reveal the plurality of social and family practices regarding schooling and their underlying logics. At the crossroads of sociology, demography, history and anthropology, this research mobilizes several quantitative and qualitative sources that are compared and criticized in light of their production conditions: discourse and statistics (both administrative and school-related) drawn from colonial period archives, the statistics and educational policy announcements by the Ministry of Education, the 1993 population census, the 2008-09 demographic and health survey, and socio-anthropological study conducted in Tsihombe district. Contrary to the frequently touted argument that school is "rejected" by the population of the region, which has long been seen as "archaïc", "backwards" and refusing "progress", this research suggests the complexity of factors explaining the "school lag" in the Androy Region. These factors include the low interest of the successive (colonial and post-colonial) powers in the development of the region, whether in regard to schools or in general; the refusal to "submit" to the central authorities and the mistrust towards the administration and the State (fanjakana) and the institution that trained its agents; local power stakes in the quest for knowledge and school culture, which vary over time and depend on individuals' and groups' positions within the social arena; and finally, the ability of school itself to enable real acquisition of academic knowledge, which varies over time and by location. Taking a multidimensional and relative vision of poverty, this research also places the importance of economic capital in families' school enrollment practices into perspective. School enrollments does not appear to be dialectically linked to the monetary and financial dimension of families' assets, but rather more intimately linked to their social capital -in the Bourdieusian sense- and the ability of educational capital to produce symbolic capital. Continuing on from this line of reasoning, while school attendance has been higher among girls than among boys since the mid-1980s, this was the case initially "by default" until a true preference for girls' enrollment emerged more recently. This recent phenomenon seems to relate to the broadening of possibilities for women in society while a focus on school attendance among girls and women's empowerment is taking stronger hold among the public authorities and even more within the international organizations actions in the region. Even though shool attendance had grown during these last fifteen years, the issue of inequalities in schooling remains : less than one out of two children accesses school in the area, and only one out of three boys, the gender gap widening and leaving boys behind, at least in statistics point of view at the regional level.

Grounded in the qualitative tradition, the aim of this study was to explore how principals perceive the processes governing, tensions inherent in and consequences, of the secularisation of public schools in South Africa, against the backdrop of the old apartheid system. Principals are key informants who bridge the gap between the political arena and the individuals who are affected at the implementation level and therefore provide a valuable lens through which the process of secularisation can be explored. Eight principals, who had been in this position of leadership for at least eight years, participated in semi-structured interviews, which were then subjected to a thematic content analysis. Principals perceived the process as characterised by a lack of consultation and transparency, with no clear guidelines provided to them and no follow-through from the education ministry. They also perceived tensions in the manner in which principals continued to embrace Christian principles in the management of their schools. Tolerance and respect of different religions were identified as positive outcomes of secularisation but these were perceived to have been offset by the negative consequences of a moral collapse, an ungovernable school and a loss of identity among the students. Through exploring the nature of key socialising agents, in the educational arena, it became evident that the participants often conceptualised themselves as martyrs and perceived parents as morally neglectful. The changing role of the school, as an agent of religious education, was also explored. Overall, all the principals strongly agreed that despite the good intentions of the government in fostering a democratic society, the impact of secularisation had resulted in some unintended effects, including a negative impact on the moral development of the students. In sum they perceived that the negative consequences of secularisation outweighed the promises of the government’s overall secularisation vision.