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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
591

Configuration and Family Mobilization in the State Schools of Professional Education: between dispositions, choices, and motivations / ConfiguraÃÃo e MobilizaÃÃo Familiar nas Escolas Estaduais de EducaÃÃo Profissional: entre disposiÃÃes, escolhas e motivaÃÃes.

Harlon Romariz Rabelo Santos 14 March 2017 (has links)
CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Esta dissertaÃÃo apresenta resultados de uma pesquisa sobre a configuraÃÃo e mobilizaÃÃo familiar no contexto das Escolas Estaduais de EducaÃÃo Profissional no Cearà (EEEPs). Essas escolas surgem a partir de 2008 orientadas por uma polÃtica educacional de promoÃÃo do ensino mÃdio integrado à educaÃÃo profissional. Tais escolas aparecem de forma singular entre as jà existentes escolas pÃblicas estaduais por possuir seleÃÃo de discentes e docentes; currÃculo, estrutura fÃsica e orÃamento diferenciados; turno integral; dupla certificaÃÃo ao final (ensino regular e curso tÃcnico); oferecem estÃgio remunerado; e, apresentam um perfil de alunado com melhores condiÃÃes socioeconÃmicas que a mÃdia dos alunos da rede pÃblica estadual. As EEEPs tambÃm apresentam melhores resultados nas avaliaÃÃes externas e figuram positivamente no imaginÃrio de muitos alunos e famÃlias cearenses que demandam por escolas que ampliem as suas chances competitivas, tanto em relaÃÃo a vida profissional quanto ao acesso ao ensino superior. Por serem os fatores familiares muito impactantes na dinÃmica e desempenho escolar, decidiu-se analisar o perfil sociolÃgico das famÃlias dessas escolas, bem como as mobilizaÃÃes parentais. A pesquisa ocorreu entre 2015 e 2016 e se iniciou com uma anÃlise histÃrica, legal e contextual sobre o modelo dessas escolas; seguida por uma anÃlise descritiva de dados educacionais gerais das escolas pÃblicas cearenses, por meio dos microdados do QuestionÃrio SocioeconÃmico do ENEM; e contou com entrevistas exploratÃrias com coordenadores e familiares de trÃs dessas escolas. Em seguida, foi realizada uma pesquisa de campo em duas EEEPs localizadas em Fortaleza. Essa pesquisa de campo se deu por meio de observaÃÃes diretas, com aplicaÃÃo de amplo questionÃrio aos alunos e com entrevistas semiestruturadas à um grupo de pais/mÃes. A discussÃo situa-se teoricamente entre as perspectivas disposicionais e a teoria do ator racional, buscando integraÃÃo de anÃlise. Os dados e a perspectiva teÃrica adotada permitem concluir que as famÃlias das EEEPs apresentam um perfil sociolÃgico diferenciado das demais famÃlias das escolas pÃblicas regulares; que as escolhas, motivaÃÃes, expectativas e estratÃgias dos alunos e de suas famÃlias formam um fator de impacto sobre a dinÃmica e desempenho escolar das EEEPs; e que a entrada e permanÃncia nessas escolas sÃo marcadas por um modo especÃfico de como pais e alunos consideram o modelo da EEEP diante do quadro geral de oferta escolar, onde os valores e motivaÃÃes sÃo descritores das estratÃgias de escolarizaÃÃo adotadas e da mobilizaÃÃo familiar que visa uma melhor inserÃÃo educacional e socioprofissional dos filhos a curto e longo-prazo, indicando que hà uma hierarquizaÃÃo escolar complexa mesmo dentro de um mesma rede de ensino. / This argumentative text aimed to investigate the configuration and family mobilization of the State Schools of Vocational Education (EEEPs) in Ceara, Brazil. These schools emerged starting in 2008 within an educational policy of promotion of high school integrated to vocational education. These schools appear singularly among the existing state public schools because they have a: selection of students and teachers; particular curriculum, physical structure and budget; full-time shift; dual certification (regular and technical courses); they offer paid internship. Besides present a profile of pupil with better socioeconomic conditions than the average of the students of the state public network. EEEPs also present better results in external evaluations and are positive in the imaginary of many students and families from Cearà who demand for schools that increase their competitive odds, both in relation to professional life and the access to higher education. Because of the family factors impact in the dynamics and school performance, it was decided to analyze the sociological profile of the families of these schools, as well as the parental mobilizations. The research took place between 2015 and 2016 and started with a historical, legal and contextual analysis on the model of these schools; followed by a descriptive analysis of general educational data of the public schools of Ceara, through the microdata of the Socioeconomic Questionnaire of the ENEM; and with exploratory interviews with staff schools and family members of three of these schools. Next, a field research was performed on two EEEPs located in Fortaleza. This research was done through direct observations, with a survey to the students and with semi-structured interviews with a group of parents. The discussion is situated theoretically between dispositional perspectives and rational actor theory, seeking integration of analysis. The data and the theoretical perspective adopted allow us to conclude that EEEPs families have a sociological profile different from the other families of regular public schools; That the choices, motivations, expectations and strategies of the students and their families form an impact factor on the school dynamics and performance of EEEPs; and that the entry and stay in these schools are marked by a specific way of how parents and students consider the EEEP model in the face of the general framework of school supply, where values and motivations are descriptors of the schooling strategies adopted and the family mobilization that aim a better educational and socio-professional insertion for you children in the short and long term, indicating that there is a complex school hierarchy even within the same educational network.
592

Da alfabetizaÃÃo à escolarizaÃÃo: busca pela continuidade dos estudos de egressos do Programa Brasil Alfabetizado/Fortaleza Alfabetizada / From literacy to schooling: search for the continuity of studies of graduates of the Literate Brazil / Literated Fortress Program

Rejane Mary Moreira 23 January 2017 (has links)
nÃo hà / A presente Tese se insere no campo da EducaÃÃo de Jovens e Adultos e tem como objetivo analisar a partir da visÃo dos egressos do Programa Brasil Alfabetizado/ Fortaleza Alfabetizada, como se dà a continuidade dos estudos pelos educandos da EJA no seu processo de escolarizaÃÃo, no municÃpio de Fortaleza. A investigaÃÃo teve como foco central a seguinte questÃo: de que modo o Programa Brasil Alfabetizado / Fortaleza Alfabetizada motivou seus educandos para a continuidade dos estudos na EJA?O estudo apresentou como principais teÃricosPaulo Freire, Hugo Lovisolo, SÃrgio Haddad, Moacir Gaddotti, Maria Clara Di Pierro,Eliane Dayse Pontes Furtado, discutindo EJA; e contribuiÃÃes do referencial marxista para a compreensÃo do fenÃmeno investigado, dentre os quais se destacam Gramsci e Konder. Metodologicamente, a pesquisa està fundamentada numa abordagem qualitativa, do tipo estudos multicasos, lanÃando mÃo de procedimentos que permitiram apreender a dinÃmica da realidade, recuperando o maior nÃmero de determinaÃÃes possÃvel, como a observaÃÃo participante, entrevista semiestruturada e questionÃrio. A perspectiva de utilizaÃÃo destas estratÃgias de aproximaÃÃo com a realidadefoi de recuperar tanto as razÃes que levaram os recÃm alfabetizados a darem continuidade aos estudos, quanto as representaÃÃes que os mesmos possuem acerca da educaÃÃo e do ensino. Assim, nessa busca,tiveram centralidade as trajetÃrias de vida desses sujeitos, identificando e analisando os elementos que os motivaram a continuarem estudando.A pesquisa constatou que os motivos que levaram os educandos a darem continuidade aos estudos na EJA superavam a perspectiva do aprimoramento dos saberes escolares, abrangendo outros aspectos, dentre os quais se destacam: interesse em aprender mais, de conversar e entender o que se lÃ, manter a mente ocupada, interesse de melhorar na aprendizagem da leitura e na escrita, obter uma profissÃo e ter acesso a um trabalho, interesse em aprender a usar o computador, a internet e de ser feliz. / The present thesis is inserted in the field of Youth and Adult Education and aims to analyze from the perspective of the graduates of the Programa Brasil Alfabetizado / Fortaleza Alfabetizada, as the continuation of studies by the students of the EJA in their schooling process, in Fortaleza. The research focused on the following question: how did the Programa Brasil Alfabetizado / Fortaleza Alfabetizada motivate its students to continue their studies in the EJA? The study presented as main theorists Paulo Freire, Hugo Lovisolo, SÃrgio Haddad, Moacir Gaddotti, Maria Clara Di Pierro, Eliane Dayse Pontes Furtado, discussing EJA; And contributions of the Marxist referential to the understanding of the investigated phenomenon, among which are Gramsci and Konder. Methodologically, the research is based on a qualitative approach, such as multisite studies, using procedures that allow the apprehension of the dynamics of reality, recovering as many determinations as possible, such as participant observation, semi-structured interview and questionnaire. The perspective of using these strategies of approximation with reality was to recover both the reasons that led the newly literate to continue their studies, and the representations they have about education and teaching. Thus, in this search, the life trajectories of these subjects centered, identifying and analyzing the elements that motivated them to continue studying. The research found that the reasons that led the students to continue their studies in the EJA exceeded the perspective of improving the knowledge of school, covering other aspects, among which stand out: interest in learning more, to talk and understand what you read, Keep your mind occupied, improve reading and writing skills, get a job and have access to a job, interest in learning to use the computer, the internet and being happy.
593

Juventudes e Ensino MÃdio: transiÃÃes, trajetÃrias e projetos de futuro / Youth and high school: transitions, trajectories and projects of future

Maria Alda de Sousa Alves 13 December 2016 (has links)
CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Nesta pesquisa intento trazer uma problematizaÃÃo sobre os sentidos de transiÃÃo no ensino mÃdio para os jovens. Trata-se de uma discussÃo que tem como campo duas escolas pÃblicas, uma de ensino mÃdio profissionalizante e outra de ensino mÃdio regular, localizadas na cidade de Fortaleza-Ce. A imagem de juventude como um processo de diferentes transiÃÃes à uma ideia partilhada por autores como Pais (2009) e Marques (2003), ao acentuarem que, na passagem para a chamada idade adulta, continua a predominar a valorizaÃÃo de determinados marcadores como a obtenÃÃo do primeiro emprego, o casamento e o nascimento dos filhos, embora tais rituais (Goffman 2011, McLaren, 1991), nas sociedades contemporÃneas, nÃo se apresentem sob a lÃgica do tempo linear. Um dos principais espaÃos de socializaÃÃo e campo no qual se à legitimado tal rito de passagem à a escola, embora atualmente se reconheÃa a existÃncia de uma crise das instituiÃÃes modernas ou uma âdesinstitucionalizaÃÃo do socialâ (Abad, 2003, Dubet, 2007). Esta investigaÃÃo intenta captar os sentidos atribuÃdos pelos jovens Ãs transiÃÃes experimentadas no ensino mÃdio visando compreender a relaÃÃo existente entre esse nÃvel de ensino e seus projetos de futuro. AtravÃs de observaÃÃes, anÃlises de perfis, conversas em grupo, entrevistas individuais e notas etnogrÃficas de campo, realizadas nas duas escolas entre 2014 e 2015, bem como por meio do registro das trajetÃrias de escolarizaÃÃo de dois jovens interlocutores, procuro analisar aspectos relativos à suas configuraÃÃes familiares, lugar social, percepÃÃes sobre a escola, o ENEM, o estÃgio ao final do ensino mÃdio profissionalizante, a fruiÃÃo do tempo e os deslocamentos pela cidade. Cotejando os achados de campo com teorias sÃcias antropolÃgicas, lanÃo mÃo de conceitos como âcapital culturalâ (Bourdieu, 2015, Lahire, 1995), âtransiÃÃes para a vida adultaâ (Pais, 2003, Guerreiro e Abrantes, 2005), âdesinstitucionalizaÃÃo do socialâ (Abad, 2003, Dubet, 2007) âcampo de possibilidadesâ e âprojetoâ (Velho, 1994), alÃm de consideraÃÃes significativas de autoras como SpÃsito (2005), Dayrell (1996, 2007, 2009), Abramo (1994) e DiÃgenes (1998). / This research brings a problematization about the âsense of transitionâ in the high school for the young students. The field of this discussion are two public schools from the city of Fortaleza, Brazil. One of them is from vocational education system and the other from the âregularâ high school. The image of the youth as a process with differents types of transition is present in authors like Pais (2009) and Marques (2003). These researchers stress that, in the transition to adulthood, predominates the valuation of certain key-moments as the fist job, the marriage and children, although these rituals (Goffman 2011,McLaren, 1991) do not show a linear time logic in contemporary societies. One of the main spaces of socialisation for this rite of passage is the school, although it is possible to recognize a crisis of modern institutions, or a âdeinstitutionalizationâ. (Abad, 2003, Dubet, 2007). This investigation aims to recognize the different senses that the young students give to the transitions experienced in high school, trying to understand the links between this level of education and their projects of future. This research involved observation, profile analysis, group conversations, ethnographic field notes and interviews, carried out in the two schools in 2014 and 2015, in addition to the narrative of tragectories of schooling of two students. I try to analyze their familiar configurations, social position, sense about school, ENEM (National Exam of High School), the final stage of vocational education, enjoyment of time and trips around the city. Relacting the empiric material with sociological and anthpological theories, I reach out concepts as âcultural capitalâ (Bourdieu, 2015, Lahire, 1995), âtransitions to adulthoodâ (Pais, 2003, Guerreiro e Abrantes, 2005), âdesinstitucionalizationâ (Abad, 2003, Dubet, 2007) âfield of possibilitiesâ e âprojectâ (Velho, 1994), and also relevant contributions of authors like SpÃsito (2005), Dayrell (1996, 2007, 2009), Abramo (1994) and DiÃgenes (1998). Key-words: Youth, high school, tragectories of schooling, projects of future, transition to adulthood.
594

Di?logos entre o curr?culo e o planejamento educacional individualizado (PEI) na escolariza??o de alunos com defici?ncia intelectual / Dialogs between the curriculum and the Individualized Educational Planning (IEP) in schooling of students with intellectual disability

Campos, ?rica Costa Vliese Zichtl 24 February 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2017-02-15T13:37:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - ?rica Costa Vliese Zichtl Campos.pdf: 3654972 bytes, checksum: 4a6c6369379078062b589e13c247e3eb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-15T13:37:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - ?rica Costa Vliese Zichtl Campos.pdf: 3654972 bytes, checksum: 4a6c6369379078062b589e13c247e3eb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-24 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Talking about inclusion implies in a change of attitude in relation to the actual social order, contemplating differences such as the point of reflection about the school and the performance of its roles. It means a physical, pedagogical, organizational, and philosophical restructuration of the school. However this process is far away from the reality faced in the Brazilians schools, specially the public ones. With rare exceptions, our schools are not prepared to guarantee an effective participation and development in the school activities for our students with intellectual disability. Because of this reason and the urgency of a further approximation of the public policies of inclusion with the school reality, the objective of this research is to analyze the elaboration and implementation of the Individualized Educational Planning (IEP) for students with intellectual disability in a school of the municipal educational system of Nova Igua?u (state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil), from its own curriculum. The investigation is inside the research project ?The schooling of students with intellectual disability: public policies, cognitive processes, and learning evaluations?, with the financial support of The Observatory Program of Education of CAPES. The qualitative research, based on methodological assumptions of the research-action was adopted as methodological procedure. For this purpose it was realized meetings with teachers to reflect about the implementation of the IEP (PEI) in the educational formation of the students with intellectual disability. Data collection procedures used the participant observation (with registry of field diary), documental analysis (files, reports), and semi structured meetings. As the theoretical referential, it was adopted the historical-cultural perspective of Vigotski. The data obtained showed the complexity and fragility which the process of schooling inclusion of these students has been realized in regular classes, as well as the remoteness and difficulty of a collaborative working possibility with the multifunctional resources teacher. It was also noticed that the traditional practices, which have no relation with the curriculum proposal, keep running in the daily activities of students with intellectual disability, making even harder their learning process and development. Concluding, it is important to emphasize the importance of the IEP (PEI), elaborated during the intervention, as an instrument which can help the inclusion of these students. / Falar sobre inclus?o implica numa mudan?a de postura frente ? ordem social vigente, contemplando as diferen?as como um ponto de reflex?o sobre a quest?o da escola e do desempenho de seus pap?is e fun??es. Significa reestrutur?-la f?sica, pedag?gica, organizacional e filosoficamente. No entanto, este processo est? longe de ser uma realidade no cotidiano das escolas brasileiras, sobretudo as da rede p?blica de ensino. Com raras exce??es, nossas escolas n?o est?o preparadas para garantir aos alunos com defici?ncia intelectual, a possibilidade de efetiva participa??o e desenvolvimento nas atividades escolares. Diante do exposto e da urg?ncia de maior aproxima??o das pol?ticas p?blicas de inclus?o com a realidade escolar, o objetivo desta pesquisa ? analisar a elabora??o e a implementa??o do planejamento educacional individualizado (PEI) para alunos com defici?ncia intelectual em uma escola da rede de ensino Municipal de Nova Igua?u, a partir do curr?culo adotado na mesma. A investiga??o est? inserida no projeto de pesquisa ?A escolariza??o de alunos com defici?ncia intelectual: pol?ticas p?blicas, processos cognitivos e avalia??o da aprendizagem?, com apoio financeiro do Programa Observat?rio da Educa??o da CAPES. A pesquisa qualitativa, baseada nos pressupostos metodol?gicos da pesquisa-a??o, foi adotada como procedimento metodol?gico. Para tal, realizamos encontros com as docentes para refletir sobre a proposta do PEI na escolariza??o de alunos com defici?ncia intelectual. A coleta de dados utilizou como procedimentos a observa??o participante (com registro em di?rio de campo), an?lise documental (fichas, relat?rios) e entrevistas semiestruturadas. Como referencial te?rico, empregamos a perspectiva hist?ricocultural de Vigotski. Os dados obtidos revelaram a complexidade e a fragilidade com que o processo de inclus?o escolar desses alunos vem sendo realizado em salas de aula comum, assim como o distanciamento e dificuldade da possibilidade de trabalho colaborativo com o professor de sala de recursos multifuncional. Observamos que pr?ticas tradicionais e sem rela??o com a proposta curricular continuam povoando o cotidiano dos alunos com defici?ncia intelectual, dificultando ainda mais todo seu processo de aprendizagem e desenvolvimento. Por ?ltimo ressaltamos a import?ncia do PEI, elaborado durante a interven??o, como um instrumento que pode auxiliar a inclus?o destes alunos.
595

Os sentidos da escola e do saber: relatos de alunos de uma escola pública e de uma escola privada da cidade de São Paulo / The senses of school and knowledge: reports from students of a public and a private school Sao Paulo city

Clarissa Silva de Castilho 24 March 2009 (has links)
Tendo como base teórica a perspectiva histórico-cultural do desenvolvimento psicológico humano, esta pesquisa, de cunho qualitativo, investigou os sentidos da escola e do saber e as relações travadas com eles por alunos de uma escola pública e de uma escola privada da cidade de São Paulo. A coleta de dados para análise consistiu de um questionário dissertativo aplicado a classes do 7º ano do Ensino Fundamental e de entrevistas semi-estruturadas realizadas com alguns alunos destas. Situando os alunos no centro de uma cultura escolar com a qual interagem, a qual produzem e pela qual são (re)produzidos , ouviu-se estes sujeitos em processo de escolarização, tirando-os da condição de objeto que apenas sofre contingências naturais (sociais ou biológicas) e os colocando como sujeito que, ao incorporar as práticas culturais, reconstroem-nas de forma ativa e própria, negociando conceitos e valores. Dessa forma, pôde-se observar, a partir de seus relatos, que, para além de algumas diferenças, há muitas semelhanças entre as relações de alunos de diferentes origens sociais com a escola e com o saber o que acarreta uma produção de sentidos sobre eles de certa forma restrita e consonante. Essas semelhanças abarcam tanto fatores que colaborariam quanto dificultariam um suposto sucesso escolar fatores que podem contribuir ou desfavorecer uma relação significativa com a escola e com os saberes. Ainda, em alguns casos, o que se esperava de um lado, foi encontrado do outro contrapondo-se à lógica determinista das teorias da reprodução. Considerando, assim, a voz dos próprios alunos sobre a escola, esta pesquisa colaborou para o entendimento dos sentidos da escola como lugar de saberes e conhecimento, de preparação para o futuro profissional, de socialização, afetividade e vida. / This qualitative research was developed from the cultural-historical perspective of the human psychological development and investigated the senses of school and knowledge and the relationships students of a public and private school in the city of Sao Paulo have with them. Data collection consisted of a qualitative questionnaire answered by 7th grade students and semi-structured interviews with some of them. Students were located in the center of the school culture with which they interact, which they produce and by which they are (re)produced and were heard in the schooling process. They were taken out of the condition of objects that only undergo natural (social or biological) contingencies and heard as subjects that, by incorporating cultural practices, re-construct them in their active and own way, negotiating concepts and values. That way, we could observe, from the reports that, apart from some differences, there are many similarities among the relationships that students from different social origins have with the school and knowledge which leads to a somewhat restricted and consonant production of senses about them. Such similarities encompass both factors that would contribute and factors that would hinder ones supposed school success factors that may favor or hinder a meaningful relationship with the school and skills. Also, in some cases, what was expected on one side was found on the other which opposes the determinist logic of the reproduction theories. Thus, considering the voice of the students themselves about the school, this study contributed to the understanding of the senses of school as a place of skills and knowledge, of preparation for the professional future as well as a place of socialization, affection and life.
596

Ensino fundamental de nove anos: o impacto da política na escola / Elementary schooling for nine yearolds: the impact of policy in schools

Tenreiro, Maria Odete Vieira 29 April 2011 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T14:30:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MARIA ODETE VIEIRA TENREIRO.pdf: 1684015 bytes, checksum: fc8d4d8ff33da890dd2c49c5add4989c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-04-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This work is dedicated to uncovering the impact of the educational policy of expansion of elementary schooling in the city of Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil. The survey was conducted in 2009 in eight city schools. The chosen methodology was qualitative in approach and in terms of data organization we were inspired by the methodological procedure of Collective Subject Discourse (CSD), which made it possible to gather together individual thoughts of a similar nature into collective thought. In terms of data collection, semi-structured interviews were conducted in each of the selected schools with the school director, school manager and two classroom teachers who worked in the first year, totalling 30 individuals. The aims of this study are: to discuss the referrals that the Ponta Grossa Department of Education defined to organize the times and teaching spaces for the first year of elementary school (nine year-old students); and to understand the impact on elementary schooling of the policy of inclusion for six year-old children in public municipal schools. Chapter 1 outlines the existing work found on the subject that is recorded in the CAPES (Coordination of Improvement of Higher Education Personnel) database as well as pointing out the relevance of this research. Chapter 2 gives a brief history of the 1934 Constitution until the Constitutional Amendment 059/2009. Chapter 3 discusses the foundations of theoretical and methodological research, the paths followed in the search for empirical data, and the personal characteristics and professional training of those participating in the survey. Chapter 4 contains the core of the study and therefore includes the voices of the participants and an analysis of their discourses drawn from a reading of the didactic material. This provides not only the voices of the participants but also an interpretation of their discourses. Finally, the research shows that including children in school at the age of nine requires a political, administrative and pedagogical approach and the absence of these three factors makes it difficult to establish a policy. By ensuring that all children from the age of six have access to compulsory education is undoubtedly an opportunity to safeguard a right of citizenship. The survey also shows that the cut-off age for enrollment of children in the first year of elementary school inhibits the possibility of some children entering school. Among other results, we highlight: the need for a better physical structure to receive the children; pedagogical clarity regarding the work in year 1, the interplay between issues of early childhood education and elementary schooling; investment in training for teachers and all who work in schools, and fewer children in classrooms / O trabalho está voltado para desvelar os impactos pedagógicos da política de ampliação do Ensino Fundamental no município de Ponta Grossa Paraná. A pesquisa foi realizada no ano de 2009, em oito escolas municipais. A opção metodológica foi a da abordagem qualitativa, e para a organização dos dados, inspiramo-nos no procedimento metodológico do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo (DSC), que possibilitou reunir os pensamentos individuais semelhantes em um pensamento coletivo. Para a coleta dos dados, foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com a diretora da escola, pedagoga e duas professoras que atuavam em cada uma das escolas na turma do 1º ano, totalizando 30 sujeitos. O trabalho teve como objetivos: discutir os encaminhamentos que a Secretaria Municipal de Educação da cidade de Ponta Grossa definiu para organizar os tempos e espaços pedagógicos do 1º ano do Ensino Fundamental de nove anos e compreender os impactos no Ensino Fundamental da política de inclusão das crianças de seis anos nas escolas da rede pública municipal de ensino. No primeiro capítulo, estão explicitados os trabalhos encontrados sobre a temática, que estavam registrados no banco de dados da CAPES, além de apontar a relevância da presente pesquisa. O segundo capítulo traça uma trajetória histórica da Constituição de 1934 até a Emenda Constitucional 059/2009. Os fundamentos teóricos e metodológicos da pesquisa, os caminhos trilhados para a busca dos dados empíricos, quem foram os sujeitos bem como suas características pessoais, profissionais e de formação estão organizados no terceiro capítulo. O quarto capítulo constitui-se como o âmago do estudo, contempla os discursos dos sujeitos, elaborados a partir dos eixos de análise construídos com base na leitura do material empírico. Neles estão contidas as vozes dos sujeitos, bem como a interpretação desses discursos. Por fim, a pesquisa revela que incluir as crianças na escola de nove anos exige um tratamento político, administrativo e pedagógico e que, na ausência desses três fatores, é difícil implantar uma política. Garantir a todas as crianças de seis anos o acesso à educação obrigatória é, sem dúvida, a oportunidade de resgatar um direito de cidadania. A pesquisa também evidenciou que o corte etário para a matrícula da criança no primeiro ano do Ensino Fundamental inibe a possibilidade de ingresso da criança na escola. Entre outros resultados, destacam-se: a necessidade de melhor adequação na estrutura física para receber as crianças; clareza pedagógica para o trabalho no 1º ano; entrosamento entre as questões da Educação Infantil e do Ensino Fundamental; investimentos pontual na formação dos professores e de todos os que trabalham na escola, além de menor número de crianças nas salas de aula
597

Das escol(h)as possíveis à carreira do magistério superior federal: condicionantes sociais das trajetórias de docentes oriundos de famílias pobres e sem tradição de longevidade escolar / From possible schools/choices to the career in federal higher education teaching: social constraints in the trajectories of professors from poor families and with no tradition of schooling longevity

Costa, Patrícia Claudia da 20 March 2017 (has links)
Entre 2004 e 2014, a Educação Superior brasileira passou pelo maior processo de expansão já empreendido em sua curta história. Embora a maior parte das matrículas tenha se mantido na rede privada, foi no setor público que ocorreu a ampliação mais significativa do número de instituições, cursos, matrículas e funções docentes, especialmente na rede federal. Tal processo possibilitou o ingresso não somente de maior número de discentes oriundos de famílias pobres e sem tradição de longevidade escolar, mas também de docentes que trilharam trajetórias formativas e profissionais marcadas por condicionantes sociais próprios desse tipo de origem, os quais relacionam as escolas que puderam frequentar com as escolhas possíveis quanto à formação acadêmica e a inserção no mundo do trabalho. Com referencial teóricometodológico bourdieusiano e o objetivo de desvelar os condicionantes sociais de trajetórias de docentes de origem popular que ingressaram numa universidade federal durante a expansão, foram coletados dados em fontes documentais diversas e também por meio de questionário, observação de locais de trabalho e entrevista semiestruturada, de natureza autobiográfica. Do total de 1.427 docentes que compunham o quadro efetivo da Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp) em julho de 2014, o questionário foi respondido por 339 agentes de diversas origens sociais e, entre eles, foram entrevistados 31 docentes de origem popular, distribuídos em cinco campi e diversas áreas de conhecimento. Para situar sóciohistoricamente o espaço de confluência das trajetórias, a análise parte de um histórico da instituição, desde sua criação, por e para uma parcela da elite paulistana, como Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), até as transformações que a tornaram uma universidade multicampi, por força da expansão que visava democratizar seu público. Em seguida, dois capítulos se dedicam a expor os aspectos considerados mais relevantes nas trajetórias. A análise revela 9 condicionantes sociais mais proeminentes: i- influência do nível de escolaridade familiar nas formas de adesão ao jogo da escolarização; ii- acesso a diferentes oportunidades de formação escolar; iii- relação entre as restrições materiais sofridas durante a formação básica e a precariedade das estratégias de acúmulo de capital cultural; iv- implicação da formação inicial na escolha da formação universitária; v- necessidade de recursos materiais para assegurar a vida universitária; vi- convivência acadêmica como impulsora da formação e carreira; vii- obtenção de bolsa de estágio em nível de Pós-Doutorado; viii- expansão das universidades federais; ix- configurações específicas das áreas de conhecimento como balizador dos modos de trabalho. Conclui-se que os condicionantes sociais diretamente relacionados à origem de classe não justificam integralmente os percursos, as escolhas e os investimentos na carreira; porém, delineiam o horizonte de possibilidades e operam sobre a estruturação dos esquemas de percepção, avaliação, pensamento e ação de cada agente, cumprindo função decisiva na definição do destino e do desenvolvimento profissional. Portanto, tais condicionantes não podem ser ignorados quando se discute a expansão ou democratização do acesso à Educação Superior, sobretudo no que diz respeito à importância da assistência estudantil como política de permanência para que os estudantes pobres conquistem a longevidade escolar. / Between 2004 and 2014, Higher Education in Brazil experienced the largest expansion in its short history. Although most registrations took place in private institutions, the public sector faced the most significant enlargement in the number of institutions, courses, registrations and teaching functions, especially in the federal system. Such process enabled not only access to the university by a greater number of students from poor families and with no tradition of schooling longevity, but also professors who have had formative and professional trajectories marked by social constraints, typical of such origin, which relate to the schools they were able to attend with their possible choices regarding academic education and transition to the labor market. Supported by Bourdieu´s theoretical/methodological framework and with the purpose of unveiling the social constraints of the trajectories of professors from grass-roots background who were admitted to a federal university at the time of the expansion, data collection came from several documental sources and also from a questionnaire, the observation of the workplaces and an autobiographical semi-structured interview. Out of 1,427 professors who were the effective faculty of the Federal University of São Paulo (Unifesp) in July, 2014, the questionnaire got responses from 339 agents from several social origins and, out of them, 31 professors from grass-roots background were interviewed, spread in five campuses and from different areas of knowledge. In order to locate socio-historically the space of confluence of the trajectories, the analysis starts with a history of institution, since it was established, by and for a portion of São Paulo´s elite, as the São Paulo Medical School (EPM), up to the changes that turned it into a multi-campus university, as a result of the expansion aimed at democratizing its public. Next, two chapters are dedicated to exposing the most remarkable aspects in the trajectories. The analysis reveals nine (9) outstanding social constraints: i- influence of the family schooling level in the forms of adherence to the schooling game; ii- access to different opportunities of education; iii- relation between the material limitations occurring during basic education and the precarious strategies of building up cultural capital; iv- implication of the basic education in the choice of higher education to be pursued; v- need of material resources to achieve a university degree; vi- academic conviviality as an impeller to education and career; vii- getting a scholarship as a PostDoctoral intern; viii- expansion of the federal universities; ix- specific configurations of the areas of knowledge as a guide of the ways of work. Conclusion was that the social constraints directly associated with the class origin do not thoroughly justify the routes taken, the choices and investments made in the career; however, they outline the horizon of possibilities and play a role onto the structuring of the schemes of perception, evaluation, thinking and action of each agent, fulfilling a decisive function in defining the professional destiny and development. Therefore, such constraints cannot be ignored when one discusses the expansion or democratization of the access to Higher Education, mainly concerning the importance of student assistance as a policy to retain poor students and make them achieve schooling longevity.
598

Health care financing and the macroeconomy / Financement de la médecine et la macroéconomie

Woode, Maame Esi 30 November 2013 (has links)
Cette thèse examine différents aspects du financement de la santé et ses effets sur l'accumulation de variables stratégiques pour le développement. Le deuxième chapitre analyse les effets des risques de maladie sur l'éducation des enfants en utilisant un model théorique et empirique qui lie les risques (pour les parents) de tomber malade et le choix de l'éducation. Nous trouvons que, s'il est impossible pour les parents de demander plus d'argent en cas de maladie, une augmentation de la probabilité de tomber malade implique une réduction de l'éducation des enfants. Le chapitre trois étudie empiriquement l'effet de l'assurance maladie sur l’enfant en employons la méthode de scores de propension pour analyser l'effet moyen du traitement (chef de ménage ayant une assurance santé ou non) sur les traités. Nous trouvons que l'assurance maladie favorise l'éducation des enfants. Le chapitre quatre étudie, en utilisant le modèle de générations imbriquées, les effets du financement de la santé sur la croissance économique. Le gouvernement a deux possibilité: soit de co-financer la santé, soit la financer tout seul en utilisant une taxe sur la production. Nous trouvons que, s'il y a hétérogénéité des préférences des agents, le financement public domine le co-financement public-privé. Le dernier chapitre étudie les effets d’épidémies sur la pauvreté, dans un modèle de générations imbriquées continu. Nous trouvons que l'investissement dans les variables qui réduisent la transmission de la maladie est nécessaire pour pousser d'un état stationnaire avec faible consommation/niveau d'actifs vers un état stationnaire avec un mixe consommation-niveau d'actifs plus élevé. / This thesis explores different aspects of the financing of health care and how it affects various facets of the economy. Chapter two we studies the relationships between health risks and education using both a theoretical and an empirical model. We find that considering a child's income as an insurance asset can reverse the usual negative relationship between disease prevalence and educational investment. Chapter three empirically looks at the impact of health insurance on the child using the propensity score matching technique. We find that while the health insurance status of the household has a positive effect on the enrolment of children, its effect on child work is negative. In chapter four we analyse the impact of health care financing on economic growth, focusing on the issue of joint public-private financing of health care using an overlapping-generations model with endogenous growth based on health human capital accumulation, where families pay for childhood preventive care and the government can either fully finance or co-finance adulthood curative care. From a growth maximising perspective, if agents are assumed have heterogeneous preferences, full public financing can become the best option. Finally in chapter five we study how health shocks in the form of epidemics affects the economy in a continuous OLG model by focusing on how the economy could be pushed to a higher consumption-assets combination. We find that it is necessary for the government to invest more in the reduction of transmission rates if its goal is to eradicate the disease from the economy, achieving a higher consumption-assets mix.
599

Skolkuratorns arbete med problematisk skolgång : - Från erfarenhet och bemötande till systematik och evidens / School councelling and problematic schooling : - From experience and reception to systematics and evidence

Lindblom, Lisa, Lindgren, Julia January 2019 (has links)
Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka skolkuratorers erfarenheter av hur en problematisk skolgång identifieras, hur de bemöter denna problematik samt hur de kvalitetssäkrar arbetet. För att besvara studiens syfte genomfördes en kvalitativ intervjustudie med fem skolkuratorer på grundskolor i Mellansverige. Empirin analyserades utifrån teori kring problematisk skolgång, systematiskt kvalitetsarbete samt evidensbaserad praktik. Resultatet visade att problematisk skolgång innebär att måluppfyllelse inte nås eller att skolgången blir avbruten, viktiga faktorer i sammanhanget var frånvaro samt ökad psykisk ohälsa. Skolkuratorerna ansåg att en god relation mellan eleven och skolan samt samverkan var viktiga framgångsfaktorer för att tidigt upptäcka och kunna åtgärda problematiken. Systematiskt kvalitetsarbete framkom som en viktig faktor och i synnerhet genom kontroll av giltig och ogiltig frånvaro samt genom kartläggningar på olika nivåer. Att arbeta med evidens ansågs också vara viktigt men samtidigt fanns viss skepsis mot nya metoder och ofta användes bara valda delar av evidensbaserade metoder för att kunna individanpassa och att se helheten. / The purpose of this study is to examine how school counsellors, in their own practical experience, identify problematic schooling; how they approach these problems; and how they assure the quality of their work. To answer these questions, the authors have conducted a qualitative study, interviewing five school counsellors working in different schools in Central Sweden. The empirical study has been analyzed using the theoretical concepts of problematic schooling, systematic quality assurance, and evidence-based practice. The outcome of the study suggests that problematic schooling entails the failure to reach educational goals, or even the complete disruption of schooling. Important factors include pupil absence and impaired mental health. A successful pupil–school relationship, as well as a co-operative environment, are identified by the interview subjects as important factors for the successful detection and intervention of problematic schooling. Furthermore, systematic quality assurance is identified as a key factor, particularly in the shape of survey and verification by the school regarding the validity of pupil absence. Finally, the interview subjects generally consider an evidence-based approach to be important, but also tend to display some scepticism towards the implementation of new methods. The study thus shows that evidence-based methods are often only partially applied, in an attempt by school counsellors to make case-dependent adjustments to fit the wider picture.
600

Genre, sexe du chef de ménage et scolarisation des enfants à Ouagadougou / Gender, sex of household head and child education in Ouagadougou

Wayack Pambè, Madeleine 11 December 2012 (has links)
Cette thèse examine le poids du genre dans la structuration de la demande scolaire à Ouagadougou. Elle traite particulièrement du rôle des femmes dans la modulation des inégalités scolaires au sein des ménages. La recherche mobilise les données du recensement de 2006, celles d’une enquête quantitative sur l’implication des pères et des mères dans la scolarisation et des entretiens semi-structurés avec des femmes chefs de ménage réalisés en 2009, afin de revisiter de façon approfondie le résultat souvent observé en Afrique subsaharienne d’une meilleure scolarisation des enfants dans les ménages féminins. L’analyse porte d’abord sur les propriétés sociologiques du statut de « femme chef de ménage » et regarde l’élément qui le légitime comme une catégorie distincte de celle des hommes chef d’un ménage et lui confère une cohésion de groupe. Elle s’intéresse ensuite à la variation de la demande scolaire selon le sexe du chef de ménage et celui des enfants en lien avec leur statut familial. Il ressort des résultats que moins que le statut de chef de ménage, les configurations familiales particulières des structures dirigées par une femme en font des environnements favorables à la scolarisation des enfants, surtout des garçons. Il apparaît également une complexité et une ambiguïté du rapport à l’école de ces ménages, qui sont plus néfastes pour la scolarisation de certaines filles, conséquence des rapports sociaux de sexe inégaux dans la société exacerbés par le besoin en main-d’œuvre domestique des familles urbaines. La thèse met ainsi en lumière les potentialités des données du recensement pour une approche sexuée des stratégies scolaires familiales en milieu urbain burkinabè. / This thesis examines the mediating role of gender in the demand for child education in Ouagadougou. It specifically addresses the influence of women in the modification of educational inequalities within households. The research utilizes census data from 2006, data from a quantitative study on the involvement of fathers and mothers in education, and semi-structures interviews with female heads of household conducted in 2009, to elaborate on results often observed in sub-Saharan Africa that children are often better educated in female-headed households. The analysis deals primarily with sociological priorities of the status of the “female head of household” and examines the element that legitimizes them as a distinct category from male heads of household, creating a cohesive group. The study focuses then on the relationship between demand for schooling and the sex of the head of household as well as, the sex of children in relation to family status. The results demonstrate that regardless the status of the head of household, particular family configurations with structures headed by women provide a conducive environment for the education of children, especially for boys. A complex and ambiguous finding also emerged in regards to the schools of these households, which proved to be more harmful to the education of some girls as a result of unequal gender relations in society exacerbated by the need for domestic labor in urban families. This thesis sheds light on the potential for census data to provide a gender-based approach to family education strategies in urban Burkina Faso.

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