Orientador: Paulo Roberto Ottoni / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-31T22:05:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_FranciscodeFatimada_M.pdf: 8838586 bytes, checksum: 1f5e8138bc5fa42cf53475adecebd8c2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2001 / Resumo: Esta dissertação examina concepções de crítica de tradução presentes nas resenhas críticas de tradução publicadas no caderno Mais!, do jornal Folha de S. Paulo, elaboradas, em sua maioria, por professores, bem como críticos, poetas e tradutores, as quais dedicam algum espaço à reflexão que envolve a prática tradutória. Ao utilizarmo-nos dessas resenhas, pretendemos mostrar o "entrelaçamento" existente entre a crítica de tradução e a crítica literária, problematizando suas distinções, a partir dos pressupostos que norteiam tais práticas. Além de apresentar, caracterizar e examinar a contribuição da crítica no que tange à sua novidade e aos seus propósitos, propomos uma avaliação de sua perspectiva e do alcance de suas propostas. Nesta pesquisa, toma-se evidente o fato de os críticos privilegiarem um modo de traduzir que conservaria as características da língua-fonte, enquanto condenam a falta de fidelidade. É essa rejeição à tradução dita "infiel" que se denomina de gesto essencialista. A desconstrução denuncia não só esse pressuposto metafísico, que implica no predomínio de um modelo binário, a exemplo das oposições tradução-original, fidelidade-recriação, mas também o julgamento enquanto principal critério no comentário de uma obra literária traduzida para o português brasileiro. O propósito deste trabalho consiste em trazer à tona os conflitos presentes nas proposições críticas, revelando-lhes o terreno comum - a fidelidade -, seja na literalidade, seja na criação tradutória. Além disso, pretendemos demonstrar o quanto as novas tendências acerca da investigação sobre a tradução revelam-se de forma surpreendente nos discursos aparentemente exteriores ao meio universitário. Tal é o caso da desconstrução, que expõe a impossibilidade da idiossincrasia do discurso tradutório em cada campo de investigação, questionando as distinções defendidas pelo cientificismo nas ciências humanas, em especial na Lingüística Aplicada / Abstract: This dissertation examines the concepts of translation criticism, since from the evaluator essays on translation written by Brazilians critics, teachers, translators, and poets, gathered from the journal articlesedited at the Mais! supplement of the Folha de S. Paulo newspaper, in which they devote some space to the consideration that involves the translation practice. In using these essays, one intends to show the "interweaving" between the translation criticism and literary criticism, troubling their distinctions, from the premises that guide such practices. My study, besides presenting, characterizing and examining the contribution of the criticism with respect to its innovativeness and purposes, proposes an evaluation of its perspectives and extensions and its premises. In this study, it becomes clear fact that these critics privilege a translation method, which would preserve the source language characteristics, and condemns the lack of fidelity, as they have been claimingin the following articles.This rejection to the translation is hereon denominated "essentialist". Thus, the deconstruction reveals not only metaphysics premises that denounce the predorninance of a binary model, such as the oppositions: translation-original, fidelity-recreation, but also the judgment like main criteria on the commend about translated literary work to the Brazilian Portuguese. The purpose of this work consists at bringing to the surface the conflicts presented in the critical propositions, revealing to them the common ground - the fidelity, whether in the literality, whether in the translation creation. In addition, demonstrating how much the new tendencies about the translation research show themselves, in a remarkable manner, on the apparently outer discourses from the universitary environment. The deconstruction exposing the impossibility of the translation discourse idiosyncrasy in each field of investigation - distinctions supported by the scientificism at the Humanities, specially on the Applied Linguistics / Mestrado / Mestre em Linguística Aplicada

This study proposes a model for the deconstruction of nationalism. Nationalism is a discursive construct. This construct manifests in ideologies and formalizes order. Individuals should question these institutions in order to achieve legitimate societal participation. This criticism can be accomplished through self-reflection. The model demonstrates that sanctioned individual(s) provide interpretations of events. These interpretations recycle authority. The hermeneutic obscures an individual's understanding of the originating fact. Self-reflection allows an individual, such as Malcolm X in the Nation of Islam, to come closer to discovering the original fact. Critiquing the hermeneutic can reveal the imperfections of the message(s). Revealing the imperfections of an ideology is the first step to the liberation of the individual and society.

This work is an exploration in which clothes are expanded in space, being the mediator between the body and the surrounding space. Aiming to explore clothes in spatial compositions through deconstruction, generating garment installations that challenge the perception and relationship of body, fashion, and architecture. It consists of a series of experiments that explore the space by opening up, deconstructing, and expanding garments, creating tension between the body, and the arranged or existing space. Exploring the material of design through experiments in order to find a better understanding of it, the research of this applied work is based on the ideas of experimental design research. Resulting in six examples of garment installations that challenge the viewpoint of the importance of clothes as it also proposes a new way of thinking in the communication between fashion and architecture.

Accessibility in the landscape has gained increased attention in recent years, and the practice of Universal Design, rather than providing ‘accessible’ accommodations as separate, distinct elements within the landscape, attempts to address social issues such as segregation by proposing an integrated accessibility and design for a diverse society. However, while proposing integration, it can be criticized as designing to the lowest common denominator and clinging to the idea of a ‘disabled’ population which must be designed down to. It frequently fails to address the complexities arising from conflicts between the needs of individuals with different disabilities and lacks a theoretical framework which would place the philosophy’s ideals within a broader social and cultural context. The poststructural project is posited as such a theoretical framework, and a means for evaluating the principles of Universal Design along with the social and cultural beliefs upon which the accessibility issue rests. Poststructuralism is used to challenge the idea of separate ‘able’ / ‘disabled’ populations on the basis that this dichotomous opposition is based on limiting conceptions of disability and fails to acknowledge the complexities which comprise the diverse fabric of society. The project is explored here as an alternative means for advancing the ideals of Universal Design within the realm of landscape architecture. Using a matrix of poststructural practices, social concepts such as normality and disability are examined and ‘deconstructed.’ Ultimately a reconstruction of the paradigm, a Critically Integrated Design, is proposed based upon the reconceptualization and resituation of accessibility and social conditions. / Master of Landscape Architecture

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The suburb's contribution to natural resource depletion, reliance on the automobile, and disregard for social connections has been well documented in the last 10-20 years. While these depictions are often accurate, many suburbs have successfully addressed these issues by providing walkable streets and accessible communal corridors. Innovative precedents such as Village Homes, in Davis, CA, Eichler Homes, in CA, and Skinny Homes, in Portland, OR, and others, provide examples of successful suburban developments that incorporate renewable energy solutions, passive design features, and limit the development of native landscapes. This thesis aims to design a framework to be used in the redevelopment of existing suburban communities. Using an existing low-density suburban community in Simi Valley, CA, as a site, I have explored compact infill housing as a method of densifying the neighborhood and broadening the housing base. Prefabrication and deconstructable building components ensure minimal waste and a flexible housing system that can adapt to mimic the evolution of a family. Accessible open space serves to draw the community together and provide usable outdoor spaces. In this way the suburban community can begin to operate in a more efficient manner and adequately address the needs of a broader range of residents.

As the ages of gang criminality lower, the need for other perspectives is necessary. This study poses the question “why and how should literature featuring child soldiers be used to discuss human rights violations in the classroom in upper secondary school?” and deconstructs the binaries childhood-innocence and victim-perpetrator in the novel Beasts of No Nation by Uzodinma Iweala. This study utilises Paolo Freire and bell hooks’ radical pedagogical theory to bridge the gap between child soldiers in other countries and those that are involved in criminality in Sweden. The agency of child soldiers in their victimisation of civilians and other combatants is something that requires further nuance as well as the assumption that child soldiers have lost their innocence and childhood upon entering combat, without consideration for the violence that might have occurred before combat. Thus, further nuance is required in order to engage in fruitful discussions concerning child soldiers worldwide.

The idea of the present thesis initiated with a seemingly innocent and simple question: How has the relationship between secular Iranian writers and the country's religious tradition developed following the 1979 Iranian Revolution and establishment of the Islamic Republic? This thesis is being crafted at two main levels: the first part aims to discuss the dynamics of the literature field, mostly regarding religion and tradition in the post-revolution era, while the second part aims to look more closely into the works and discourse of Hushang Golshiri (1938-2000). Therefore, this thesis places itself within the study of Iranian literature in its alternative modernization/secularization. The thesis argues that after the revolution of 1979 in Iran, discourse of literary modernity developed in a way to provide a more active involvement with religion and tradition by a group of so-called "secular writers". This involvement has led to a kind of a "reconstruction" of the relationship between modern Iranian literature and religion, in pluralistic, novel, and seemingly secular ways. / 博士(グローバル社会研究) / Doctor of Philosophy in Global Society Studies / 同志社大学 / Doshisha University

Not long after the release of his first novel, Everything is Illuminated, critics and authors alike began showering Jonathan Safran Foer with both praise and disparagement for his postmodern style. Yet, this large body of criticism ignores the theoretical work taking place within Foer's fiction. This thesis attempts to fill this gap by highlighting specific aspects of Foer's theoretical work as it relates to the creation of meaning in a text and to explore what this work might imply for the broader literary community. Much of Foer's work toys with the capacity of language to express meaning, indulging in the playfulness of language throughout his work to highlight the place where at written language blurs the line between word and flesh, or language and experience. In this playfulness, Foer seems to assert that meaning is created in the space between language and experience through the act of metaphor. This theory of metaphor places the individual, the author, and the critic all in a creative position and the narrative content of Foer's works examines how this creative power is used by individuals to create a world of meaning out of experiences that seem to have none. In this way, Foer argues that the creative act of metaphor is a redemptive act—an act of saving one's self from the void. Such a conclusion can be applied to all who use the word to create, particularly authors and critics, wherein the creative act as well as the interpretive act become acts of redemption.