In hierdie studie word betoog dat korporatiewe sosialeverantwoordelikheid (KSV) minstens twee funksies het: om tot volhoubare ontwikkeling by te dra; en om strategiese voordeel vir die maatskappy te skep. Doeltreffende kommunikasie word as noodsaaklik beskou om beide bogenoemde funksies te vervul. Gevolglik word betoog dat maatskappye oor (om strategiese voordeel te trek) en in (om tot volhoubare ontwikkeling by te dra) KSV behoort te kommunikeer. Daaruit volg dat ʼn model vir KSV-kommunikasie beide soorte KSV-kommunikasie moet insluit. Die teoretiese veld van KSV-kommunikasie is tans ontoereikend en daarom word teorieë uit ander velde geraadpleeg om ʼn teoretiese begronding voor te stel. Daar word geredeneer dat kommunikasie oor KSV aan die uitgangspunte van drie kommunikasiebestuursbenaderings behoort te voldoen, aangesien hierdie benaderings dieselfde doelwitte as kommunikasie oor KSV nastreef. Die benaderings sluit in: simmetriese tweerigtingkommunikasie, die reflektiewe benadering asook strategiese kommunikasiebestuur. Betreffende kommunikasie in KSV word betoog dat hierdie vorm van kommunikasie aan die uitgangspunte van die deelnemende benadering tot ontwikkelingskommunikasie behoort te voldoen, aangesien dit volhoubare ontwikkeling as doelwit nastreef. Op grond van ʼn literatuurstudie oor bogenoemde kommunikasiebenaderings, word ʼn teoretiese model vir KSV-kommunikasie in die huidige studie voorgestel. Die empiriese deel van die studie fokus op die landbousektor en die teoretiese KSV-kommunikasiemodel word in die landbousektor toegepas om vas te stel hoe nuttig dit is. Hierdie studie stel voor dat ondersteuning aan opkomende boere die hooffokus van landboumaatskappye se KSV behoort te wees. Daar word gevolglik aanvaar dat landboumaatskappye met opkomende boere (as bevoordeeldes) in KSV behoort te kommunikeer, terwyl hulle met kommersiële boere (as kliënte, verskaffers en soms aandeelhouers) oor KSV behoort te kommunikeer. Die huidige studie het twee landboumaatskappye – Senwes en NWK – se KSV-kommunikasie ondersoek. Die empiriese deel van die studie is kwalitatief benader en die navorsingsmetodes is semigestruktureerde onderhoude, fokusgroepe en kwalitatiewe inhoudsanalise. Kwalitatiewe inhoudsanalise is ook ingespan om die resultate te ontleed wat deur die ander navorsingsmetodes bekom is. Daar is bevind dat kommunikasie tussen die betrokke werknemers van die landboumaatskappye en opkomende boere in KSV grootliks aan die uitgangspunte van die deelnemende benadering tot ontwikkelingskommunikasie voldoen. Die opkomende boere was oor die algemeen heel tevrede met kommunikasie soos dit tans geskied. Daarteenoor wil dit voorkom asof die landboumaatskappye so ver moontlik vermy om oor hulle KSV-inisiatiewe met kommersiële boere te kommunikeer. Geen van die kommersiële boere wat aan die studie deelgeneem het, was bewus van die maatskappye se betrokkenheid by ontwikkelende landbou nie, en was uiters negatief oor hierdie gebrek aan kommunikasie. Uit die voorgestelde model vir KSV-kommunikasie blyk dat die kommunikasiekanale, aard van kommunikasie en kommunikasiebeginsels grootliks dieselfde is vir kommunikasie in en oor KSV. Die doelwitte van hierdie twee soorte KSV-kommunikasie stem gedeeltelik ooreen, maar dit kan ook uiteenlopend wees. Die integrasie van kommunikasie in en oor KSV in een model word egter bemoeilik deurdat die metateoretiese raamwerke wat die relevante basisteorieë vir die ondersoek onderlê, oënskynlik uiteenlopende beskouings oor die doel van kommunikasie huldig. / PhD (Communication Studies), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

In hierdie studie word betoog dat korporatiewe sosialeverantwoordelikheid (KSV) minstens twee funksies het: om tot volhoubare ontwikkeling by te dra; en om strategiese voordeel vir die maatskappy te skep. Doeltreffende kommunikasie word as noodsaaklik beskou om beide bogenoemde funksies te vervul. Gevolglik word betoog dat maatskappye oor (om strategiese voordeel te trek) en in (om tot volhoubare ontwikkeling by te dra) KSV behoort te kommunikeer. Daaruit volg dat ʼn model vir KSV-kommunikasie beide soorte KSV-kommunikasie moet insluit. Die teoretiese veld van KSV-kommunikasie is tans ontoereikend en daarom word teorieë uit ander velde geraadpleeg om ʼn teoretiese begronding voor te stel. Daar word geredeneer dat kommunikasie oor KSV aan die uitgangspunte van drie kommunikasiebestuursbenaderings behoort te voldoen, aangesien hierdie benaderings dieselfde doelwitte as kommunikasie oor KSV nastreef. Die benaderings sluit in: simmetriese tweerigtingkommunikasie, die reflektiewe benadering asook strategiese kommunikasiebestuur. Betreffende kommunikasie in KSV word betoog dat hierdie vorm van kommunikasie aan die uitgangspunte van die deelnemende benadering tot ontwikkelingskommunikasie behoort te voldoen, aangesien dit volhoubare ontwikkeling as doelwit nastreef. Op grond van ʼn literatuurstudie oor bogenoemde kommunikasiebenaderings, word ʼn teoretiese model vir KSV-kommunikasie in die huidige studie voorgestel. Die empiriese deel van die studie fokus op die landbousektor en die teoretiese KSV-kommunikasiemodel word in die landbousektor toegepas om vas te stel hoe nuttig dit is. Hierdie studie stel voor dat ondersteuning aan opkomende boere die hooffokus van landboumaatskappye se KSV behoort te wees. Daar word gevolglik aanvaar dat landboumaatskappye met opkomende boere (as bevoordeeldes) in KSV behoort te kommunikeer, terwyl hulle met kommersiële boere (as kliënte, verskaffers en soms aandeelhouers) oor KSV behoort te kommunikeer. Die huidige studie het twee landboumaatskappye – Senwes en NWK – se KSV-kommunikasie ondersoek. Die empiriese deel van die studie is kwalitatief benader en die navorsingsmetodes is semigestruktureerde onderhoude, fokusgroepe en kwalitatiewe inhoudsanalise. Kwalitatiewe inhoudsanalise is ook ingespan om die resultate te ontleed wat deur die ander navorsingsmetodes bekom is. Daar is bevind dat kommunikasie tussen die betrokke werknemers van die landboumaatskappye en opkomende boere in KSV grootliks aan die uitgangspunte van die deelnemende benadering tot ontwikkelingskommunikasie voldoen. Die opkomende boere was oor die algemeen heel tevrede met kommunikasie soos dit tans geskied. Daarteenoor wil dit voorkom asof die landboumaatskappye so ver moontlik vermy om oor hulle KSV-inisiatiewe met kommersiële boere te kommunikeer. Geen van die kommersiële boere wat aan die studie deelgeneem het, was bewus van die maatskappye se betrokkenheid by ontwikkelende landbou nie, en was uiters negatief oor hierdie gebrek aan kommunikasie. Uit die voorgestelde model vir KSV-kommunikasie blyk dat die kommunikasiekanale, aard van kommunikasie en kommunikasiebeginsels grootliks dieselfde is vir kommunikasie in en oor KSV. Die doelwitte van hierdie twee soorte KSV-kommunikasie stem gedeeltelik ooreen, maar dit kan ook uiteenlopend wees. Die integrasie van kommunikasie in en oor KSV in een model word egter bemoeilik deurdat die metateoretiese raamwerke wat die relevante basisteorieë vir die ondersoek onderlê, oënskynlik uiteenlopende beskouings oor die doel van kommunikasie huldig. / PhD (Communication Studies), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

In this study it is argued that organisations can contribute to development through their Corporate Social Responsibility Initiatives (CSR). Therefore one should consider CSR programmes similar to development programmes and should be managed accordingly. When one communicates in a development context it happens within the extensive field of development communication. In this field the participatory approach to development communication is regarded as the normative approach. In view of this, this study argues that communication in CSR programmes should conform to the principles of the participatory approach. Participatory evaluation is one of the elements of the participatory approach; therefore the evaluation of programmes should adhere to the principles of the participatory approach to contribute to sustainable development. For this reason this study is informed by the relevant principles of the participatory approach to evaluation: dialogue; participation; empowerment and diversity. These principles of participatory evaluation are rooted in the mentioned principles and they are: partnership; participation in evaluation; acknowledgement of local knowledge; empowerment and change. The financial sector in South Africa is one of the largest financial contributors towards CSR. As a result, two financial organisations were chosen to be studied. The research question of this study is: What is the nature of the communication during evaluation of CSR programmes in the financial sector? A qualitative approach is used in this study to obtain the relevant information. Qualitative content analysis, semi-structured interviews and focus groups were used as research methods. The conclusion is made that none of the five programmes in this study use participatory evaluation to evaluate their CSR programmes. In two of the programmes a limited partnership is identified between the organisation and/or the program leader and the beneficiaries, while no partnership was found in the other three programmes. Limited participation from the beneficiaries of the two programmes during evaluation was observed; hence limited local knowledge is recognised in these two programmes. It was also found that only two programmes' beneficiaries are empowered through evaluation and only these two programmes changed according to the beneficiaries’ input. These findings that were made through an empirical study indicate that in spite of the limited presence of some principles of participatory evaluation in two of the five programmes, neither of the organisations uses participatory evaluation methods to evaluate their CSR programmes. / Thesis (MA (Communication Studies))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013

The Student RAG Community Service (SRCS), a unique non-governmental organisation (NGO) of the Potchefstroom Campus of the North-West University, aims to support and to enable other NGOs to function independently. For this reason, the communication between the SRCS and these NGOs is viewed from the sub discipline of development communication, with the participative approach currently being perceived as the normative approach to communication for development. Communication between the SRCS and representatives of the NGOs should therefore conform to the principles of the participative approach to development communication to contribute to empowerment and development. The principles of the participative approach that was identified as relevant to this study are participation, dialogue, cultural sensitivity, to enable the community to be self-reliant and community development. This study is qualitative in nature and the research methods used to gather information about the nature of communication between the SRCS and the representatives of the projects are qualitative content analysis, partially structured interviews and observer–participant reporting. Although this study has focused only on early child development projects, the nature of these projects and their communication varied to a large extent. The overall conclusion of this study is that there are gaps in the participative communication between the SRCS and the representatives of all the researched projects. The type of communication between the SRCS and early childhood development projects did not conform to the principles of cultural sensitivity, community development and the enablement of the community to be self-reliant. These gaps are attributed in part to the present documentation of the SRCS (2010 annual report, portfolio descriptions, transfer reports and minutes of 2010’s and 2011’s meetings) as well as the fact that this NGO’s training guidelines do not emphasise the importance of participatory principles, and do not offer sufficient training in the implementation of these principles to its various members. Although the results indicate that the communication between the SRCS and the representatives of the projects presently does not conform to the principles of participative communication, the organisation is committed to addressing these gaps in future. / Thesis (MA (Communication Studies))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.

In this study it is argued that organisations can contribute to development through their Corporate Social Responsibility Initiatives (CSR). Therefore one should consider CSR programmes similar to development programmes and should be managed accordingly. When one communicates in a development context it happens within the extensive field of development communication. In this field the participatory approach to development communication is regarded as the normative approach. In view of this, this study argues that communication in CSR programmes should conform to the principles of the participatory approach. Participatory evaluation is one of the elements of the participatory approach; therefore the evaluation of programmes should adhere to the principles of the participatory approach to contribute to sustainable development. For this reason this study is informed by the relevant principles of the participatory approach to evaluation: dialogue; participation; empowerment and diversity. These principles of participatory evaluation are rooted in the mentioned principles and they are: partnership; participation in evaluation; acknowledgement of local knowledge; empowerment and change. The financial sector in South Africa is one of the largest financial contributors towards CSR. As a result, two financial organisations were chosen to be studied. The research question of this study is: What is the nature of the communication during evaluation of CSR programmes in the financial sector? A qualitative approach is used in this study to obtain the relevant information. Qualitative content analysis, semi-structured interviews and focus groups were used as research methods. The conclusion is made that none of the five programmes in this study use participatory evaluation to evaluate their CSR programmes. In two of the programmes a limited partnership is identified between the organisation and/or the program leader and the beneficiaries, while no partnership was found in the other three programmes. Limited participation from the beneficiaries of the two programmes during evaluation was observed; hence limited local knowledge is recognised in these two programmes. It was also found that only two programmes' beneficiaries are empowered through evaluation and only these two programmes changed according to the beneficiaries’ input. These findings that were made through an empirical study indicate that in spite of the limited presence of some principles of participatory evaluation in two of the five programmes, neither of the organisations uses participatory evaluation methods to evaluate their CSR programmes. / Thesis (MA (Communication Studies))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013

The Student RAG Community Service (SRCS), a unique non-governmental organisation (NGO) of the Potchefstroom Campus of the North-West University, aims to support and to enable other NGOs to function independently. For this reason, the communication between the SRCS and these NGOs is viewed from the sub discipline of development communication, with the participative approach currently being perceived as the normative approach to communication for development. Communication between the SRCS and representatives of the NGOs should therefore conform to the principles of the participative approach to development communication to contribute to empowerment and development. The principles of the participative approach that was identified as relevant to this study are participation, dialogue, cultural sensitivity, to enable the community to be self-reliant and community development. This study is qualitative in nature and the research methods used to gather information about the nature of communication between the SRCS and the representatives of the projects are qualitative content analysis, partially structured interviews and observer–participant reporting. Although this study has focused only on early child development projects, the nature of these projects and their communication varied to a large extent. The overall conclusion of this study is that there are gaps in the participative communication between the SRCS and the representatives of all the researched projects. The type of communication between the SRCS and early childhood development projects did not conform to the principles of cultural sensitivity, community development and the enablement of the community to be self-reliant. These gaps are attributed in part to the present documentation of the SRCS (2010 annual report, portfolio descriptions, transfer reports and minutes of 2010’s and 2011’s meetings) as well as the fact that this NGO’s training guidelines do not emphasise the importance of participatory principles, and do not offer sufficient training in the implementation of these principles to its various members. Although the results indicate that the communication between the SRCS and the representatives of the projects presently does not conform to the principles of participative communication, the organisation is committed to addressing these gaps in future. / Thesis (MA (Communication Studies))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.

Daar is baie onbeskryfde ruimtes en identiteite in Suid–Afrika; gemeenskappe waarvan die woordkunspotensiaal van die vertellers en skrywers nie ontgin is nie. Die kompleksiteit van die Suid–Afrikaanse samelewing, veral met betrekking tot taal en die geletterdheidskontinuum, veroorsaak dat gemeenskapseie woordkunsprojekte nie op n eendimensionele vlak beskou kan word nie. In een gemeenskap is daar byvoorbeeld lede wat steeds in die mondelinge tradisie funksioneer, maar ook ander vir wie die skriftelike tradisie toeganklik is. n Nuwe, sogenaamde “sekondêre mondelinge tradisie” speel ook n rol, en daar is komplekse intervlakke tussen hierdie tradisies. In elke gemeenskap deel mense mini–narratiewe met mekaar, maar is daar ook meesternarratiewe waardeur die betrokke gemeenskap, en die samelewing as geheel, beïnvloed word. Die oorkoepelende doel van die studie is om vas te stel watter rol oraliteit en identiteit speel in die bevordering van gemeenskapseie woordkuns in Suid–Afrika. As navorsingsmetode word daar vanuit n heuristiese en interpretatiewe benadering afleidings uit bestaande literatuur en gevallestudies gemaak. Die studie bestaan uit n teoretiese en praktiese deel. Die teoretiese deel behels n metateoretiese raamwerk wat uit die literatuurstudie gevorm word. Dit vorm as't ware die “bril” waardeur die res van die studie beskou word. Drie teoretiese sfere word betrek, naamlik (1) identiteit en ruimte, (2) die woordkuns en (3) gemeenskapsontwikkeling. Tydens die praktiese deel word daar veral van die praktykgebaseerde navorsingsmetode gebruik gemaak, asook op deelnemende waarneming en outo–etnografie gesteun. Insigte word uit twee gevallestudies oor gemeenskapseie woordkunsprojekte en die bespreking van n aantal eenmalige woordkuns–projekte verkry. Uit beide die teoretiese en praktiese dele van die navorsing word sekere merkers afgelei wat vir die skep van n model ter bevordering van die woordkuns in Suid–Afrika gebruik word. Die model is nie algemeen geldend nie; dit bied slegs beginsels wat as riglyne in die bevordering van gemeenskapseie woordkuns kan dien. Na afloop van die navorsing word tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat beide oraliteit en identiteit n sentrale rol in die woordkuns van gemeenskappe speel. Daar word gevind dat daar verskeie verbande bestaan tussen die identiteit en ruimte van n gemeenskap en die manier waarop hulle hulself in woordkuns uitdruk. Verder word vasgestel dat n deelnemende benadering tot gemeenskapsontwikkeling as n toepaslike filosofiese raamwerk vir gemeenskapseie woordkunsprojekte kan dien. Die benadering word ook (met inagneming van die konsepte ruimte en identiteit) as raamwerk vir die ontwikkeling van die model ter bevordering van gemeenskapseie woordkuns gebruik. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Afrikaans and Dutch))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

Daar is baie onbeskryfde ruimtes en identiteite in Suid–Afrika; gemeenskappe waarvan die woordkunspotensiaal van die vertellers en skrywers nie ontgin is nie. Die kompleksiteit van die Suid–Afrikaanse samelewing, veral met betrekking tot taal en die geletterdheidskontinuum, veroorsaak dat gemeenskapseie woordkunsprojekte nie op n eendimensionele vlak beskou kan word nie. In een gemeenskap is daar byvoorbeeld lede wat steeds in die mondelinge tradisie funksioneer, maar ook ander vir wie die skriftelike tradisie toeganklik is. n Nuwe, sogenaamde “sekondêre mondelinge tradisie” speel ook n rol, en daar is komplekse intervlakke tussen hierdie tradisies. In elke gemeenskap deel mense mini–narratiewe met mekaar, maar is daar ook meesternarratiewe waardeur die betrokke gemeenskap, en die samelewing as geheel, beïnvloed word. Die oorkoepelende doel van die studie is om vas te stel watter rol oraliteit en identiteit speel in die bevordering van gemeenskapseie woordkuns in Suid–Afrika. As navorsingsmetode word daar vanuit n heuristiese en interpretatiewe benadering afleidings uit bestaande literatuur en gevallestudies gemaak. Die studie bestaan uit n teoretiese en praktiese deel. Die teoretiese deel behels n metateoretiese raamwerk wat uit die literatuurstudie gevorm word. Dit vorm as't ware die “bril” waardeur die res van die studie beskou word. Drie teoretiese sfere word betrek, naamlik (1) identiteit en ruimte, (2) die woordkuns en (3) gemeenskapsontwikkeling. Tydens die praktiese deel word daar veral van die praktykgebaseerde navorsingsmetode gebruik gemaak, asook op deelnemende waarneming en outo–etnografie gesteun. Insigte word uit twee gevallestudies oor gemeenskapseie woordkunsprojekte en die bespreking van n aantal eenmalige woordkuns–projekte verkry. Uit beide die teoretiese en praktiese dele van die navorsing word sekere merkers afgelei wat vir die skep van n model ter bevordering van die woordkuns in Suid–Afrika gebruik word. Die model is nie algemeen geldend nie; dit bied slegs beginsels wat as riglyne in die bevordering van gemeenskapseie woordkuns kan dien. Na afloop van die navorsing word tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat beide oraliteit en identiteit n sentrale rol in die woordkuns van gemeenskappe speel. Daar word gevind dat daar verskeie verbande bestaan tussen die identiteit en ruimte van n gemeenskap en die manier waarop hulle hulself in woordkuns uitdruk. Verder word vasgestel dat n deelnemende benadering tot gemeenskapsontwikkeling as n toepaslike filosofiese raamwerk vir gemeenskapseie woordkunsprojekte kan dien. Die benadering word ook (met inagneming van die konsepte ruimte en identiteit) as raamwerk vir die ontwikkeling van die model ter bevordering van gemeenskapseie woordkuns gebruik. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Afrikaans and Dutch))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

The North-West University (NWU) is an example of an organization that has a social responsibity towards the community and the environment within which it finds itself (Van Schalkwyk, 2013). One of the social responsibility programmes of the NWU-Pukke is known as the Students’ Rag Community Service (SRCS). The SRCS is a registered NPO (non-profit organization) which is run by the students of the NWU Potchefstroom Campus and which has been in existence since 1992 in its present form. In this study it is argued that the SRCS developmental projects could be offered in a more effective and sustainable manner by implementing the basic principles of the participatory approach, viz. Participation, dialogue, empowerment and cultural identity in order to support the local communities in their developmental processes. For the present study the focus was solely on one of the SRCS projects, the Pick a leader-leadership development project. This project has the aim of providing in the developmental needs of ten to fifteen Grade 11 learners in three schools in the North West Province (Potchefstrom and the surrounding communities in Ikageng). Thus project participants (learners) are instructed in basic skills about starting their own businesses (entrepreneurship); how to develop their leadership skills and to apply these skills, and how to be able to use basic life skills in their everyday lives. Various theoreticians have explained how NPO’s without participatory communication are seldom successful in terms of developmental initiatives. The learners can only develop if the relevant roleplayers of the project take ownership of the project by also being able to communicate in a participatory manner about their specific needs with both the NPO and the project volunteers. The NWU-Pukke volunteers, who manage this particular project, therefore have the responsibility to communicate in a participatory manner with the relevant learners, their teachers and then also the different principals to make the project succeed and to contribute to the realization of the developmental needs of the learners. The general research aim of the study had been to determine the nature of the communication among interest groups in the Pick a leader-leadership development programme of the SRCS. Qualitiative research methods, viz. Semi-structured interviews, focus group interviews and participant observation, were used in this study for purposes of making making a thorough investigation into the nature of the communication among those involved in the Pick a leader leadership development programme. The purpose of this was to determine perspectives about the project held by the persons involved (but especially those of the learners) and to interpret these in line with the normative theoretical principles of the participatory approach to developmental communication. It was ultimately found that the communication in the Pick a leader-leadership development programme was mostly one-way. / MA (Communication Studies), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

The North-West University (NWU) is an example of an organization that has a social responsibity towards the community and the environment within which it finds itself (Van Schalkwyk, 2013). One of the social responsibility programmes of the NWU-Pukke is known as the Students’ Rag Community Service (SRCS). The SRCS is a registered NPO (non-profit organization) which is run by the students of the NWU Potchefstroom Campus and which has been in existence since 1992 in its present form. In this study it is argued that the SRCS developmental projects could be offered in a more effective and sustainable manner by implementing the basic principles of the participatory approach, viz. Participation, dialogue, empowerment and cultural identity in order to support the local communities in their developmental processes. For the present study the focus was solely on one of the SRCS projects, the Pick a leader-leadership development project. This project has the aim of providing in the developmental needs of ten to fifteen Grade 11 learners in three schools in the North West Province (Potchefstrom and the surrounding communities in Ikageng). Thus project participants (learners) are instructed in basic skills about starting their own businesses (entrepreneurship); how to develop their leadership skills and to apply these skills, and how to be able to use basic life skills in their everyday lives. Various theoreticians have explained how NPO’s without participatory communication are seldom successful in terms of developmental initiatives. The learners can only develop if the relevant roleplayers of the project take ownership of the project by also being able to communicate in a participatory manner about their specific needs with both the NPO and the project volunteers. The NWU-Pukke volunteers, who manage this particular project, therefore have the responsibility to communicate in a participatory manner with the relevant learners, their teachers and then also the different principals to make the project succeed and to contribute to the realization of the developmental needs of the learners. The general research aim of the study had been to determine the nature of the communication among interest groups in the Pick a leader-leadership development programme of the SRCS. Qualitiative research methods, viz. Semi-structured interviews, focus group interviews and participant observation, were used in this study for purposes of making making a thorough investigation into the nature of the communication among those involved in the Pick a leader leadership development programme. The purpose of this was to determine perspectives about the project held by the persons involved (but especially those of the learners) and to interpret these in line with the normative theoretical principles of the participatory approach to developmental communication. It was ultimately found that the communication in the Pick a leader-leadership development programme was mostly one-way. / MA (Communication Studies), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014