Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1969. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Theses (M.A.)--Marshall University, 2007. / Title from document title page. Includes abstract. Document formatted into pages: contains v, 52 pages. Bibliography: p.46-52.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Canterbury, 2006. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references (leaves 87-91). Also available via the World Wide Web.

Thesis (M.A.)--York University, 2005. Graduate Programme in Psychology. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 37-43). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url%5Fver=Z39.88-2004&res%5Fdat=xri:pqdiss &rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:MR11774

AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF CHARLES ALAN PAYNE II, for the Masters of Arts degree in Criminology and Criminal Justice, presented on April 29, 2016, at Southern Illinois University Carbondale. TITLE: DOES SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY PREDICT DELINQUNECY DIFFERENTLY ACROSS URBAN, RURAL, AND SUBURBAN AREAS? MAJOR PROFESSOR: Dr. GEORGE BURRUSS The purpose of this study is to examine whether social learning theory predicts delinquency differently across urban, rural, and suburban areas. The lack of research in this area is problematic because while there are known differences between urban, rural, and suburban offending patterns, there is a lack of evidence to suggest why these patterns occur. The results of the study show that differential association, definitions, and differential reinforcement were significant across all three geographic locations. However, when analyzed by geographic location, differential reinforcement was only significant in suburban areas. In fact, differential reinforcement was the strongest predictor of delinquency in suburban areas, when differential association was the strongest in urban and rural.

Emerging adulthood is the developmental period between adolescence and adulthood spanning ages 18-25. A central task of emerging adulthood is autonomy development, including forming stable romantic partnerships and peer support networks that will facilitate autonomy from parents. While emerging adulthood is a time of exploration and growth, this period is also associated with risk behavior including most types of substance use, risky sexual behavior and reckless driving. Research has shown strong links between earlier parenting and emerging adults’ peer and romantic relationships and problem behavior. A dearth of research has examined the impact of parenting during emerging adulthood on emerging adult outcomes. The present study drew from an ethnically and socioeconomically diverse sample of emerging adults (ages 19-20) and their parents (n = 209) from the Pacific Northwest region to examine how parenting behaviors during emerging adulthood impact low- and high-quality peer and romantic relationships, alcohol use and delinquent behavior. This study utilized observational and parent-report data to capture positive and negative parenting behaviors. Path modeling was conducted to examine associations between parenting predictors and relational and risk outcomes. Results indicated that observed parental hostility and criticism predicted emerging adult externalizing behaviors, and this relationship was partially mediated by affiliation with delinquent peers. Findings suggest that parenting may significantly contribute to youth development beyond the childhood adolescent years, and hostile and critical parenting during emerging adulthood may incur risk for emerging adult engagement with delinquent peers and delinquent behavior. This study is the first to observationally assess parenting during emerging adulthood with a population of young adults that are drawn from a representative community sample.

The treatment of juvenile offenders was the subject of much discussion and controversy in the first half of the nineteenth century and, from 1840 onwards, there was a vociferous campaign to ban imprisonment for children and to establish schools for delinquents where the emphasis was on moral reformation and rehabilitation rather than retribution. In 1854, as a result of the Reformatory Schools Act, juvenile reformatories became part of the criminal justice system and for the next three decades they were regarded by the Home Office as the key element in the fight against juvenile crime. Nevertheless, historians pay little attention to juvenile reformatories and there is little specific literature on individual institutions or the experience of reformatory inmates. This thesis, however, examines three Protestant reformatories for boys in Lancashire and attempts both to evaluate the reformatory system in the nineteenth century and to develop a greater understanding of the character and nature of the institutions themselves. The thesis examines the impact of the juvenile reform movement on social policy and legislation, particularly the contribution made by philanthropy and the developing, pivotal role of the institution. It considers the different methods used to establish reformatories and examines the origins of the schools in the study. It discusses the ethos and regime which developed in the institutions prior to 1880 and considers the effect on management methods of the powerful alliance formed by reformatory managers and Home Office officials. This is supplemented and illustrated using profiles of fifty inmates in two institutions. The thesis then examines changes in Home Office policy after 1880 and assesses the effect of these on reformatory practice at a local level. Finally it evaluates the role played by reformatories in Lancashire where twenty five per cent of such institutions were situated at the turn of the century. The thesis concludes that the reformatory system was an upper and middle-class response to the problem of juvenile delinquency, which was associated almost exclusively with the urban working class. It also suggests that, in spite of their name, individual reformatories were concerned primarily with training and rehabilitation rather than moral reformation. In addition the evidence indicates that, although the reformatory scheme was discredited elsewhere in the late nineteenth century, reformatory schools continued to play an important part in juvenile justice in Lancashire. These institutions continued to thrive because the majority of inmates did not commit further crime and magistrates believed that they gave value for money. This examination of nineteenth-century solutions to the problem of juvenile crime also illustrates that the present debate about delinquency is hardly novel and that current strategies were first tried out a hundred and fifty years ago.

This research considered the role of active leisure-based interventions with young people at risk of offending. It examined some of the claimed outcomes of participation for young people, and the types of provision which can support positive outcomes. A central feature of the research was an analysis of the impact of interventions on leisure-behaviour and attitudes in the medium term. This was underpinned by three stages of research to ensure the appropriateness of the main longitudinal case studies and the framework diagram.

abstract: Although recent studies have report that many stressors and strains (i.e., financial, educational and psychological) arise from being an adolescent mother, whether adolescent motherhood influences delinquency remains an unanswered empirical question. Using data from a nationally representative sample of adolescents (National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health), the current study examines the relationship between motherhood, depression, and delinquency (N = 676). The sample is comprised of solely females between ages 13 and 21-years-old. The female subjects were categorized either as an adolescent mothers, non-mother adolescents, or adult mothers. This study tests the following hypotheses: (1) adolescent mothers are prone to involvement in delinquent behavior; and, (2) adolescent mothers who experience depression are at greater risk of delinquent behavior. The results indicate that there is a decrease in delinquency among adolescent mothers who do not experience depression. However, there is an increase in delinquency among adolescent mothers who experience depression. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S. Criminology and Criminal Justice 2014

Research in the area of juvenile delinquency indicates that a high percentage of juvenile offenders have social-emotional problems. According to Agnew's General Strain Theory, negative emotional responses result from juvenile offenders who experience certain strains that he or she dislikes and these emotional responses may create pressure for the juvenile offender to respond through criminal acts. Although some study results suggest that negative emotional responses may mediate the effects of strain on delinquency, other studies have found them to be unrelated. The purpose of the current study was to examine if a juvenile offender's negative, internalizing problems such as depression and anxiety play a mediating role between measures of school and family strain and his or her total number of offenses. Participants consisted of 79 detained youth from a short-term detention center in the U.S. Southwest. There were 91% male and 9% female participants, with an age range of 11 to 17 years of age. The study consisted of 53.2% Latino(a), 25.3% White, 8.9% multiracial, 5.1% African American, 3.8% Native American, and 1.3% Vietnamese. Results from hierarchical multiple regression analyses indicated that school strain and a composite measure of strain were significantly associated with total number of offenses. School strain was significantly associated with depressive and anxious symptoms. Family strain and the composite measure of strain were only significantly associated with depressive symptoms. No significant association was found between the internalizing problems of depression and anxiety and total number of offenses. Therefore, depression and anxiety did not mediate the role between the measures of school and family strain and total number of offenses. Implications of these findings, as well as limitations and areas of future research are also discussed.