Cette thèse se propose d’étudier les choix d’éducation en adoptant une approche originale intégrant la notion de qualité de l’enseignement. Cette étude se concentre sur deux pays : l’Indonésie et le Pakistan. Dans un premier temps, nous montrons que la scolarisation obligatoire a eu des effets sur les taux de scolarisation qui se sont répercutés sur les comportements de fécondité. Ces effets ne sont cependant pas automatiques et peuvent cacher une grande hétérogénéité. Nous nous intéressons ensuite au concept de qualité de l’éducation, une notion qui a de multiples facettes. Si on l’appréhende par le prisme des résultats scolaires, les enseignants semblent jouer un rôle majeur. Cependant, cette définition n’est pas entièrement satisfaisante quand on s’intéresse aux choix de scolarisation. En effet, les performances académiques des écoles ne reflètent qu’une partie de l’opinion des parents. Les parents semblent également rationaliser leurs choix a posteriori et considèrent que les écoles privées sont meilleures. Une approche qui considère la qualité subjective de l’éducation (perçue par les parents) permet de mieux comprendre leurs choix en termes d’éducation. Les parents non satisfaits par l’enseignement public ont tendance à s’orienter vers le privé, ce qui peut expliquer l'expansion de ce secteur dans de nombreux pays en développement. Le développement des écoles privées pourrait néanmoins accroître les inégalités car certaines franges de la population n’y ont pas accès. / This thesis aims at better understanding the multiple aspects of education in developing countries with a focus on Indonesia and Pakistan. First, we show that compulsory education could positively impact educational attainment and change fertility behaviours, even though these effects can be heterogeneous. Then, we consider the multifaceted notion of quality of education. If we consider that the quality of education encompasses only learning outcomes, teachers play a central role in knowledge acquisition. However, this measure is unsatisfactory when trying to understand schooling behaviours. Indeed, student achievement only partly explains parents' opinions. Parents also tend to be subject to an ex-post rationalization bias and to value private schools more. The subjective dimension of the quality of education helps to understand school choice. Parents' dissatisfaction with public schools partly explains why they send their children to private establishments. Nevertheless, the expansion of the private education sector could increase gender and socio-economic inequalities.

This diploma thesis deals with the situation of emerging private elementary schools in the Czech Republic. As this is a new phenomenon, only recognised in the past few years, there is little detailed evidence that would provide the necessary information about these schools; such as what kind of schools are registered and why they were created. This paper aim is to identify and describe the main types of these schools and understand their functions. The first part is to comprehend the shift in education and stress out the influence and role of new actors. This is achieved through providing the different perspectives on education and through description of supply and demand for education. This new phenomenon is also supported by the Theory of Exit, Voice & Loyalty which explains behaviour of private school's initiators and founders. The thesis also examines different authors' and publications' views on alternative and traditional schooling, private, public and non-public schools and the difficulties in comparison across different educational systems. The practical part and its research offers systematic and objective evaluation of the new schools being established and how they work. It also presents possible reasons for the rise in the number of new schools and, what implications this phenomenon can...

Esta dissertação de mestrado consiste de uma resenha crítica da teoria econômica da educação no que se refere à análise de sistemas educativos, e de um estudo empírico do desempenho do sistema educativo brasileiro, com ênfase em indicadores de iniqüidade. Procura-se apresentar a evolução e o estado atual do debate relacionados aos seguintes assuntos: demanda por educação, oferta de educação (insumos monetários e não-monetários), arranjo institucional do sistema educativo, arranjo institucional sócio-econômico (em que se insere o sistema educativo), e os produtos do sistema educativo. Por fim, por meio da análise estatística de uma base de dados internacional (PISA 2000), apresenta-se um estudo empírico que visa a avaliar o desempenho do sistema educativo brasileiro, especialmente seu grau de iniqüidade. / This MA dissertation thesis consists of a critical survey of the economics of education literature concerning educational system analysis, and of a study of the performance of the Brazilian educational system, with an emphasis in equity measurement. I discuss the evolution and the current state of the debate on the following subjects: demand for education, supply of education (monetary and non-monetary inputs), educational system institutional framework, socio-economic institutional framework (in which the educational system is imbedded), and the output of the educational system. Finally, by means of a statistical analysis of an international database (PISA 2000), I present an empirical study aiming at assessing the Brazilian educational system performance, especially its degree of inequity.

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Esta dissertação de mestrado consiste de uma resenha crítica da teoria econômica da educação no que se refere à análise de sistemas educativos, e de um estudo empírico do desempenho do sistema educativo brasileiro, com ênfase em indicadores de iniqüidade. Procura-se apresentar a evolução e o estado atual do debate relacionados aos seguintes assuntos: demanda por educação, oferta de educação (insumos monetários e não-monetários), arranjo institucional do sistema educativo, arranjo institucional sócio-econômico (em que se insere o sistema educativo), e os produtos do sistema educativo. Por fim, por meio da análise estatística de uma base de dados internacional (PISA 2000), apresenta-se um estudo empírico que visa a avaliar o desempenho do sistema educativo brasileiro, especialmente seu grau de iniqüidade. / This MA dissertation thesis consists of a critical survey of the economics of education literature concerning educational system analysis, and of a study of the performance of the Brazilian educational system, with an emphasis in equity measurement. I discuss the evolution and the current state of the debate on the following subjects: demand for education, supply of education (monetary and non-monetary inputs), educational system institutional framework, socio-economic institutional framework (in which the educational system is imbedded), and the output of the educational system. Finally, by means of a statistical analysis of an international database (PISA 2000), I present an empirical study aiming at assessing the Brazilian educational system performance, especially its degree of inequity.

Stakeholder involvement in strategic planning: a strategy to mitigate the effects of HIV and AIDS on secondary education in Botswana. This study explores the involvement of stakeholders in strategic planning to mitigate the effect of HIV and AIDS in secondary education in Botswana. The prevalence of HIV and AIDS-related illness and deaths is high in Botswana and affects both teachers and learners. Education provision has been affected through increased mortality and morbidity and increased absenteeism which affect education-related personnel and the demand for education has been reduced due to growing numbers of orphaned and vulnerable children as a consequence of parent/guardian mortality and morbidity related to HIV and AIDS. The problem was investigated by means of a literature review and an empirical inquiry which combined quantitative and qualitative data collection. Based on the findings, in addition to medical and other interventions, an education management approach is required to mitigate the effects of HIV and AIDS on secondary education in Botswana. The strategies of coping, caring and preventing have been effective in this regard. Some internal stakeholders of the Department of Secondary Education (DSE) are not meaningfully involved in strategic planning. Similarly, most of the selected external stakeholders were not involved in the DSE HIV and AIDS strategic plan. Both external and internal stakeholders should be involved at all stages of planning. Furthermore, inducement-contribution exchanges and teacher credibility should be considered in a strategic plan. To improve the current DSE strategic plan, a stakeholder involvement model to involve internal and external stakeholders was designed. Based on this model and the above findings, recommendations for practice and suggestions for future research are made. / Educational Studies / D.Ed.(Educational Management)

Stakeholder involvement in strategic planning: a strategy to mitigate the effects of HIV and AIDS on secondary education in Botswana. This study explores the involvement of stakeholders in strategic planning to mitigate the effect of HIV and AIDS in secondary education in Botswana. The prevalence of HIV and AIDS-related illness and deaths is high in Botswana and affects both teachers and learners. Education provision has been affected through increased mortality and morbidity and increased absenteeism which affect education-related personnel and the demand for education has been reduced due to growing numbers of orphaned and vulnerable children as a consequence of parent/guardian mortality and morbidity related to HIV and AIDS. The problem was investigated by means of a literature review and an empirical inquiry which combined quantitative and qualitative data collection. Based on the findings, in addition to medical and other interventions, an education management approach is required to mitigate the effects of HIV and AIDS on secondary education in Botswana. The strategies of coping, caring and preventing have been effective in this regard. Some internal stakeholders of the Department of Secondary Education (DSE) are not meaningfully involved in strategic planning. Similarly, most of the selected external stakeholders were not involved in the DSE HIV and AIDS strategic plan. Both external and internal stakeholders should be involved at all stages of planning. Furthermore, inducement-contribution exchanges and teacher credibility should be considered in a strategic plan. To improve the current DSE strategic plan, a stakeholder involvement model to involve internal and external stakeholders was designed. Based on this model and the above findings, recommendations for practice and suggestions for future research are made. / Educational Studies / D.Ed.(Educational Management)