Tandhygienistyrket är en relativt ung profession. Munhälsovården har ännu inte uppnått professionellt status som yrkesverksamhet. Inte heller har tandhygienistens disciplin – munhälsovetenskapen- status som vetenskaplig disciplin. Det som har saknats har framför allt varit teoribildning inom munhälsovård/munhälsovetenskap.1983 publicerades den första begreppsmodellen inom munhälsovård – The Human Needs Conceptual Model for Dental Hygiene – konstruerad av M L Darby (BSDH, MS) och M M Walsh (MS,EdD). Ett viktigt steg i en disciplins teoribildningsprocess är emellertid att begreppsmodeller analyseras och utvärderas. Då kan begreppsmodellens bidrag till professionaliseringsprocessen och utvecklingen av disciplinens vetenskapliga status bedömas.Föreliggande studie analyserar och utvärderar Darbys och Walsh’ begreppsmodell. Syftet är att beskriva och analysera de förutsättningar som begreppsmodellen vilar på samt att beskriva och utvärdera de förusättningar som begreppsmodellen har att fungera som ett ramverk vid forskning, praktik, utbildning och administration för tandhygienister.Beskrivningen av analysen och utvärderingen utgår från hermeneutisk tolkning där J Fawcetts instrument för analys och utvärdering av begreppsmodeller använts som tolkningsram.Studien utgår från ett vårdvetenskapligt perspektiv som bland annat betraktar munhälsovetenskap som en gren av vårdvetenskap där en kärna av kunskaper, färdigheter och attityder ses som gemensamma för alla de vårdande professioner där vårdandets humanistiska dimension är viktigare än dess tekniska dimension. Likaså utgår den från att munhälsovårdens främsta syfte är att främja hälsa, inte att förebygga eller bota sjukdom.Studien visar att Darbys och Walsh’ begreppsmodell är baserad på en behovsteoretisk grund. Detta medför en världsbild där människan befinner sig i en växelverkande interaktion med sin omgivning. Vidare innebär detta att munhälsovårdens unika fokus är klientens behov och att tandhygienistens uppgift är att reducera spänningar inom det system som klienten utgör. Begreppsmodellens behovsteoretiska grund är dockotydligt beskriven och därför är den svår att använda. Begreppsmodellens innehåll är också dåligt utvecklat på det sättet att den endast kan användas som ramverk för praktiken då den saknar riktlinjer för forskning, utbildning och administration.Darbys och Walsh’ begreppsmodell kan därför endast användas i den praktiska verksamheten och då av de tandhygienister som har ett livs- och yrkesparadigm som är baserat på behovsteori.Däremot bedöms begreppsmodellens bidrag till munhälsovetenskapen som mycket stort eftersom den är den första begreppsmodell som skapas och på så sätt öppnar vägen för fortsatt teoribildning inom tandhygienistens disciplin.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / Introduction: Untreated caries of the permanent dentition is the most prevalent condition worldwide. Ongoing globalisation and the heightened exposure to a refined, westernised diet against a backdrop of deficient health services and inadequate implementation of preventive public health measures, means that dental caries remains pervasive, especially in emerging economies. In South Africa, an estimated 90% of caries remains untreated, disproportionately affecting the poor and detrimentally impacting on the economy. The use of an effective fluoridated toothpaste is regarded as the best clinical practice available today in caries management. Aim: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the availability, pricing and affordability of fluoridated toothpastes marketed to South African households and to identify mechanisms to improve financial access among low-income households. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of fluoridated toothpastes, retail price and unit weight/volume was undertaken. Following calculation of a median reference price for each paste, affordability relative to household income brackets was assessed using a modification of the WHO/HAI’s essential medicines pricing protocol. Affordability was expressed in terms of the number of days of disposable household income required to purchase the annual, household therapeutic dosage of a fluoridated toothpaste. Results: Despite the wide availability (n=142) of fluoridated toothpastes, of those assessed for affordability (n=130), none and 49% were affordable to households located in the first and second lowest income brackets, collectively termed low-income earners. Accessibility (±96%) increased sharply for low emerging middle income households and upwards. In general, as household income declined, the proportion of daily, disposable income required to purchase the annual, household therapeutic dosage increased. Households located in the lowest income bracket spent 104.3% of daily income on the annual dosage of the lowest priced toothpaste in contrast to 0.23% spent by the wealthiest households. Horizontal disparity in terms of affordability between household income brackets differed significantly (p<0.00001). Conclusion: Stark inequity in affordability of fluoridated toothpastes exists between low income and affluent households with dire implications in terms of oral health and economic hardship suffered by the poor. To redress this social injustice, a number of price regulatory policies and funding mechanisms are suggested to stimulate dialogue and urge all relevant entities (clinical, legal, industrial, and governmental) to take action urgently.

Se tuvo la iniciativa de implementar este proyecto, debido a la tendencia y cuidado creciente en la salud bucal de las personas mediante productos orgánicos. Por ello, hemos elaborado un proyecto de investigación, con la finalidad de poder implementar y colocar en el mercado un dentífrico orgánico elaborado con productos naturales, que brinde una buena protección y agradable sabor a finas hierbas, asimismo, buscaremos que sea escalable y rentable en el tiempo. Ecosanna está dirigida a todas las personas de ambos géneros, desde los 18 hasta los 55 años, en los niveles socioeconómicos A y B, que residan en el área de Lima Metropolitana y que cuiden su higiene dental. Nuestra propuesta de valor se enfoca en un producto de cuidado bucal elaborado con insumos orgánicos y que permita mejorar el sistema de lavado dental, mediante su venta en envases eco-amigables. El proyecto está estructurado en tres etapas. Empezamos con la validación del negocio, el cual consiste en validar el problema y realizar el concierge, luego continuamos con el desarrollo del plan de negocio, donde identificamos nuestro plan estratégico, finalmente, modelamos el plan financiero, donde se evaluará las ventas, rentabilidad y métodos de financiamiento del proyecto. Para poner en marcha el proyecto, se requerirá invertir inicialmente S/43,143 (Cuarenta y tres mil ciento cuarenta y tres Soles), estos tendrán la estructura de capital con aporte de capital de los accionistas y préstamo microfinanciero. El proyecto genera una Tasa Interna de Retorno (TIR) de 158% y un Valor Actual Neto de S/130,367. Por lo expuesto se puede concluir que el proyecto es viable.

Objectives: A community-based intervention is described that targets oral health self-care practices among Hispanic children in the United States and is being tested in an ongoing trial. Descriptive results of baseline oral health variables are presented. Methods: As of January 2013, 284 Hispanic children of ages 5-7 enrolled in the Healthy Families Study in Nashville, TN, USA. Families are randomized to one of two culturally appropriate interventions. Results: At baseline, 69.6 % of children brushed at least twice daily, and 40.6 % brushed before bed daily. One-third of parents did not know if their children's toothpaste contained fluoride. Conclusions: This intervention fills the need for community-based interventions to improve oral health self-care practices that are culturally appropriate in Hispanic families.

Se tuvo la iniciativa de implementar este proyecto, debido a la tendencia y cuidado creciente en la salud bucal de las personas mediante productos orgánicos. Por ello, hemos elaborado un proyecto de investigación, con la finalidad de poder implementar y colocar en el mercado un dentífrico orgánico elaborado con productos naturales, que brinde una buena protección y agradable sabor a finas hierbas, asimismo, buscaremos que sea escalable y rentable en el tiempo. Ecosanna está dirigida a todas las personas de ambos géneros, desde los 18 hasta los 55 años, en los niveles socioeconómicos A y B, que residan en el área de Lima Metropolitana y que cuiden su higiene dental. Nuestra propuesta de valor se enfoca en un producto de cuidado bucal elaborado con insumos orgánicos y que permita mejorar el sistema de lavado dental, mediante su venta en envases eco-amigables. El proyecto está estructurado en tres etapas. Empezamos con la validación del negocio, el cual consiste en validar el problema y realizar el concierge, luego continuamos con el desarrollo del plan de negocio, donde identificamos nuestro plan estratégico, finalmente, modelamos el plan financiero, donde se evaluará las ventas, rentabilidad y métodos de financiamiento del proyecto. Para poner en marcha el proyecto, se requerirá invertir inicialmente S/43,143 (Cuarenta y tres mil ciento cuarenta y tres Soles), estos tendrán la estructura de capital con aporte de capital de los accionistas y préstamo microfinanciero. El proyecto genera una Tasa Interna de Retorno (TIR) de 158% y un Valor Actual Neto de S/130,367. Por lo expuesto se puede concluir que el proyecto es viable. / We had the initiative to implement this project, due to the growing trend and care in people's oral health through organic products. Therefore, we have developed a research project, in order to implement and place on the market, an organic toothpaste made with natural products, which provides good protection and pleasant taste of fine herbs, also seek to be scalable and profitable over time. Ecosanna is directed to all people of both genders, from 18 to 55 years old, in the socioeconomic levels A and B, that reside in the area of Metropolitan Lima and take care of their dental hygiene. Our value proposal is focused on an oral care product elaborated with organic inputs and that allows to improve the dental washing system, through its sale in eco-friendly containers. The project is structured in three phases. We start with the validation of the business, which consists of validating the problem and performing the concierge, then we continue with the development of the business plan, where we identify our strategic plan, finally, we model the financial plan, where sales, profitability and financing methods of the project will be evaluated. To implement the project, it will be required to invest initially S/43,143, these will have the financial structure of shareholder contribution and microfinance loan. The project generates an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 158% and a Net Present Value of S/130,367. This means that the project is feasible. / Trabajo de investigación

This qualitative case study explored faculty perceptions regarding best practices and uses of assessment in a dental hygiene program at a small northwestern college. It was discovered that faculty in the program were assessing students in their clinical courses using widely varied methods, designs, and scoring tools. Faculty neither calibrated processes nor communicated about this problem. In addition, a review of the assessments in this local setting indicated a significant gap in the current guidelines for best practices in clinical assessment procedures. Knowles' adult learning theory served as the foundation for this study. Research questions were designed to obtain clinical faculty's perceptions of their knowledge of best practices in assessment, assessment design, methods including scoring tools, and how faculty could work collaboratively to implement clearly and consistently designed best-practice assessments in their clinical courses. Interviews and reviews of assessment documents were conducted with a purposeful sample of 8 faculty participants. Data were coded and analyzed for common themes. Results indicated that instructors did not collaborate and had little knowledge of assessment criteria based on best practices, administration, and scoring procedures. At the request of the dean, a position paper was created as a project. The paper outlined strategies for designing clinical skills assessments with criteria that is consistent, clear, and based on best practices. Also included were procedures for ongoing faculty professional development and collaboration, insuring that faculty are calibrated and that assessments are valid and reliable. The results of this study can promote positive social change as faculty in this program will be increasingly confident in assessment practices, and graduates will consistently provide greater quality patient and community care.

No description available.

Nutrition education is an integral part of dental education as well as a variety of other healthcare professions1, but interprofessional education (IPE) between the fields of dietetics and dental hygiene is limited. The purpose of this pilot study was to define areas of opportunity to establish a foundation for the implementation of complimentary curriculum between the dietetics and dental hygiene programs at ETSU. A 76-question survey was developed and administered to dietetic interns (n=26), dental hygiene students (n=49), dietetic faculty (n=23), and dental hygiene faculty (n=19) at ETSU and Baylor College of Dentistry at Texas A&M Health Science Center. Data analysis reveals a knowledge proficiency deficit in dental hygiene students related to nutrition and oral health as well as significant findings in perceived roles of the ‘other’ profession. The potential for interdisciplinary education and training between dietetic and dental hygiene students at ETSU is promising, potentially leading to improved patient care.

No description available.

Oral health plays an integral role in our general health, wellbeing, and quality of life. Practicing evidence-based oral hygiene behaviors prevent oral diseases and improve systemic health. The burden of preventable oral diseases persists worldwide and weighs particularly heavy on specific population groups. While many studies have explored oral health among those of advanced age, children, and minority groups, there are a very few exploring the oral health care needs of postsecondary students, specifically those born outside of the United States (U.S.). Recognizing this gap in the literature, this study sought to gain a better understanding of oral health access among non-US born postsecondary students with a goal of identifying factors affecting their oral health behaviors. To achieve the objectives of this explorative study, a cross-sectional study design was implemented. A 30-question survey was provided to individuals born outside the U.S. and currently enrolled in postsecondary educational institutions. Descriptive statistics was presented, and a quantitative analysis was performed. The study results suggest that foreign-born postsecondary students may perceive oral health care in the U.S as inaccessible due to economic barriers such as costs and lack of insurance. Moreover, it was found that this population is less likely to visit a dentist because they cannot find a "convenient time" or because they believed their "mouth is healthy". Factors associated with perceived improvements in oral hygiene behaviors included enrollment in postsecondary education and the number of years they've resided in the U.S. Conversely, factors associated with a decline in perceived oral hygiene behaviors included school-induced stress and acculturative stress. It was also found that on-campus dental clinics were less frequently utilized than off-campus dental clinics, with many preferring to receive oral health care outside of the U.S. Citizenship status was also found to be a factor influencing student's oral health seeking behaviors.