Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 1999. / Advisor: Emmalou Norland, Quantitative Research, Evaluation, and Measurement in Education. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 1999. / Advisor: Emmalou Norland, Quantitative Research, Evaluation, and Measurement in Education. Includes bibliographical references.

Interprofessional education is recommended as a necessary step to prepare a collaborative, practice-ready workforce to engage in effective teamwork and team-based care. Professional identity and the perceptions of stereotypes that professionals hold of other professions have been identified as key factors in either enhancing or inhibiting effective teamwork. Information about interprofessional collaboration and education, competencies, and related variables is limited, particularly within the profession of dental hygiene. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of interprofessional competencies to professional identity and stereotypes among U.S. dental hygiene students and practicing dental hygienists. The study used a correlational design with a cross-sectional survey utilizing the Student Stereotype Rating Questionnaire, Interprofessional Education Collaborative. Revised Survey, and Macleod Clark Professional Identity Survey-9 instruments. A total of 423 participants were recruited: 222 dental hygienists and 201 dental hygiene students. The survey data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlational analysis, independent and paired t tests, and multiple regression. Dental hygiene students had a significantly higher interprofessional competency aggregated mean score than registered dental hygienists (t = -4.837). Dental hygiene students’ interprofessional education experience correlated positively with the Interprofessional Competency Revised Scale score (r = 0.290, n = 201, p < .01). There was a modest relationship between interprofessional practice experience and the Interprofessional Competency score (r =. 255, n = 222, p < .01). The stereotypes dental hygienists and dental hygiene students have of themselves (auto-stereotypes) were rated the highest (M = 40.46, SD = 4.45) compared to stereotypes they have about dentists (hetero-stereotypes) (M = 37.57, SD = 6.03). The results of the multiple regression analysis, F (4, 418) = 16.805 p < .001, R2 = 0.14, showed that the variables of professional identity, interprofessional education activity experience, auto-stereotypes, and being a dental hygiene student were predictors of interprofessional competency. This study contributes to a unique understanding of the relationship between interprofessional competencies to stereotypes and professional identity among practicing dental hygienists and dental hygiene students. With these findings, educators and policymakers can identify issues and address modifications to curricula, professional development, and organizational changes.

No description available.

This causal-comparative and correlational study examined cross-cultural adaptability of randomly selected licensed dental hygienists, 1995-2005 graduates, practicing in the state of Texas and first and second-year dental hygiene students attending 5 randomly selected accredited 2 and 4-year dental hygiene schools in the state of Texas. A sample of 289 individuals: 194 enrolled students and 95 licensed dental hygienists, alumni of the 5 schools, completed the 50-item Cross-Cultural Adaptability Inventory (CCAI ®) and a brief demographic survey. The purpose of this study was to determine if statistically significant differences existed among and between licensed dental hygienists and first and second-year dental hygiene students in the state of Texas on a cross-cultural adaptability measure. The study also examined relationships among and between cross-cultural adaptability scores, as measured by the CCAI, and several independent variables. The data were analyzed by using the Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS 12). Eight hypotheses related to group differences and relationships among and between groups and variables were tested. The groups were compared on total CCAI scores using a t-test, and on subscale CCAI scores simultaneously using a descriptive discriminant analysis (DDA). A 3X2 MANOVA was used to compare all groups simultaneously on subscale CCAI scores. The sample was also analyzed for statistically significant differences among 3 levels of ethnicity and total CCAI scores using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Lastly, various Pearson correlation analyses were conducted to determine relationships among and between the 3 independent variables mentioned above and total and subscale CCAI scores. The results revealed no statistically significant differences among the various groups and CCAI scores. A statistically significant relationship (r = .148) was found between age and 1 of the 4 CCAI subscale scores, flexibility/openness. No other statistically significant relationships were found. The study concluded that number of years for degree, level of practice, ethnicity, and years employed may not play a significant role in enhancing cross-cultural adaptability. Further research needs to be conducted to determine differences and relationships between and among various dental hygiene groups and their cross-cultural adaptability performance.

This paper describes a case study of a non-native speaking (NNS) dental hygienist in her work environment. The subject learned English by learning to become a dental hygienist rather than through formal language education. Participant observation and discourse, event/network, and componential analyses were the methods used to analyze the subject's communication in her work setting. The philosophical question as to how ESP differs from ESL is raised and elements of the work setting and the NNS workers' communication with interlocutors in that setting are identified to aid educators in teaching ESP courses. Questions ESP educators might address in designing and teaching ESP courses are given as well as suggestions for future research.

Oral diseases including dental caries and periodontal disease are among the most prevalent and costly diseases in Australia today. Around 5.4% of Australia’s health dollar is spent on dental services totalling around $2.6 billion, 84% of which are delivered through the private sector (AIHW 2001). The other 16% is spent providing public sector services in varied and inadequate ways. While disease rates among school children have declined significantly in the past 20 years the gains made among children are not flowing on to adult dentitions and our aging population will place increasing demands on an inadequate system into the future (AHMAC 2001). Around 50% of adults do not received regular care and this has implications for widening health inequalities as the greatest burden falls on lower income groups (AIHW DSRU 2001). The National Competition Policy agenda has initiated, Australia-wide, reviews of dental legislation applying to delivery of services by dentists, dental specialists, dental therapists and hygienists and dental technicians and prosthetists. The review of the Victorian Dentists Act 1972, was completed first in 1999, followed by the other Australian states with Queensland, the ACT and the Northern Territory still developing legislation. One of the objectives of the new Victorian Act is to ‘…promote access to dental care’. This study has grown out of the need to know more about how dental therapists and hygienists might be utilised to achieve this and the legislative frameworks that could enable such roles. This study used qualitative methods to explore dental health policy making associated with strategies that may increase access to dental care using dental therapists and hygienists. The study used a multiple case study design to critically examine the dental policy development process around the Review of the Dentists Act 1972 in Victoria; to assess legislative and regulatory dental policy reforms in other states in Australia and to conduct a comparative analysis of dental health policy as it relates to dental auxiliary practice internationally. Data collection has involved (I) semi-structured interviews with key participants and stakeholders in the policy development processes in Victoria, interstate and overseas, and (ii) analysis of documentary data sources. The study has taken a grounded theory approach whereby theoretical issues that emerged from the Victorian case study were further developed and challenged in the subsequent interstate and international case studies. A component of this study has required the development of indicators in regulatory models for dental hygienists and therapists that will increase access to dental care for the community. These indicators have been used to analyse regulation reform and the likely impacts in each setting. Despite evidence of need, evidence of the effectiveness and efficiency of dental therapists and hygienists, and the National Competition Policy agenda of increasing efficiency, the legislation reviews have mostly produces only minor changes. Results show that almost all Australian states have regulated dental therapists and hygienists in more prescriptive ways than they do dentists. The study has found that dental policy making is still dominated by the views of private practice dentists under elitist models that largely protect dentist authority, autonomy and sovereignty. The influence of dentist professional dominance has meant that governments have been reluctant to make sweeping changes. The study has demonstrated alternative models of regulation for dental therapists and hygienists, which would allow wider utilisation of their skills, more effective use of public sector funding, increased access to services and a grater focus on preventive care. In the light of theses outcomes, there is a need to continue to advocate for changes that will increase the public health focus of oral health care.

Bibliography: leaves 235-253. / xx, 431 leaves ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Examines the association between employment of dental hygienists and the patterns of delivery of diagnostic, preventive and treatment periodontal procedures and assesses the effectiveness of a continuing education intervention in altering the delivery of diagnostic, preventive and treatment periodontal services by practices employing and not employing dental hygienists in Adelaide, South Australia. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Dentistry, 1994?

Syfte: Syftet med studien var att belysa sambandet mellan cigarrettrökning och paro-dontit.Metod: Studien bygger på en allmän litteraturstudie som sammanställer aktuell forsk-ning inom det valda ämnesområdet. Detta studerades genom att granska olika studiers koppling mellan parodontit och cigarrettrökning. Studien baseras på 15 kvantitativa artiklar som söktes via PubMed och Sience Direct.Resultat: Resultatet visade att det fanns ett samband mellan parodontit och cigarrett-rökning. Rökning var den främsta beteendemässiga riskfaktorn för uppkomst av paro-dontit. Rökare uppvisar ett mer ohälsosamt beteende och negativ attityd till allmän hälsa. Kroppens infektionsförsvar försämrades hos rökare. Slutsats: Studien har funnit att det finns ett samband mellan cigarrettrökning och pa-rodontit. Variabler som ålder och kön har ingen påverkan på associationen mellan ci-garettrökning och parodontit. Däremot är det antalet rökta cigarretter per år och anta-let år av konsumtion som har en påverkan för uppkomst av parodontit. / Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between cigarette smoking and parodontitis. Method: The study is based on a general literature study that compiles current research in the chosen subject. The study is based on 15 quantitative articles which were searched through PubMed and Sience Direct. Results: The results showed that there was a relation between periodontal disease and cigarette smoking. Smoking was the primary behavioral risk factor for the occurrence of parodontitis and smokers showed a more unhealthy behavior and negative attitude to the general health. Studies also showed that the body's defense against bacteria decreased in smokers who had a high amount of plaque and thus contributed to the immune system overreacts to the bacteria. This in turn caused widespread damage in the tissue and resulted in loss of tissue.Conclusion: The study showed that there is a relation between cigarette smoking and periodontitis. Variables such as age and sex have no influence on the association between cigarette smoking and periodontitis. In contrast, the number of smoked cigarettes per year and the number of years of consumption that have an impact on the occurrence of periodontal disease.

Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka uppfattningar av hypnoterapins effekter och upplevelser av hypnoterapi som behandling av tandvårdsrädsla på tandvårdskliniker. Material och metod: Materialet inhämtades genom intervjuer med sex informanter som arbetade med hypnoterapi som behandling mot tandvårdsrädsla på tandvårdskliniker i Sverige. Intervjuerna har genomförts med användning av en intervjuguide och varade i ca 20 – 35 minuter. Metoden var kvalitativ och data analyserades med innehållsanalys.  Resultat: I studiens resultat framträdde ett huvudtema: Förebyggande behandlingsmetod. Resultatet visade att informanterna uppfattade hypnoterapins effekter som goda och de upplevde hypnoterapi som effektiv vid behandling av tandvårdsrädsla. Informanterna var eniga om att behandling med hypnoterapi ska användas på tandvårdsklinikerna och utföras av tandläkare eller tandhygienist. Många av informanterna upplevde att kollegorna hade svårt att acceptera hypnoterapi som metod. Slutsats: Uppfattningar och upplevelser av hypnoterapi som behandling och dess effekt är överlag positiv med vissa svårigheter angående kollegornas attityder gentemot metoden. Mer forskning behövs för en bredare acceptans och förståelse av hypnoterapi som behandlingsmetod. / Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the perceptions of hypnotherapy’s effects and experiences of hypnotherapy as a treatment of dental fear in dental clinics. Material and Methods: The material was obtained through interviews with six informants working with hypnotherapy as a treatment for dental fear in dental clinics in Sweden. The interviews were conducted using an interview guide and lasted 20 - 35 minutes. The method was qualitative and the interviews were analyzed through a qualitative content analysis. Results: In the results a main theme appeared: Preventive treatment. The results showed that the informants perceived hypnotherapy’s effects as good and they experienced hypnotherapy as effective in the treatment of dental fear. The informants agreed that hypnotherapy should be used in dental clinics and performed by a dentist or dental hygienist. Many of the informants felt that their colleagues had difficulties accepting hypnotherapy as a method. Conclusion: Perceptions and experiences of hypnotherapy as a treatment and its effect are generally positive with some exceptions regarding their colleagues attitudes towards the method. More research is needed to bring a wider acceptance and understanding of hypnotherapy as a treatment method.