This thesis aims to investigate the use of additive manufacturing (AM) as a novel manufacturing process for the production of milli-scale chemical reaction systems. Five well developed additive manufacturing techniques; stereolithography (SL), selective laser melting (SLM), fused deposition modelling (FDM), ultrasonic additive manufacture (UAM) and selective laser sintering (SLS) were used to manufacture a number of miniaturised flow devices which were tested using a range of organic and inorganic reactions. SL was used to manufacture a range of functioning milli-scale flow devices from Accura 60 photoresin, with both simple and complex internal channel networks. These devices were used to perform a range of organic and inorganic reactions, including aldehyde and ketone functional group interconversions. Conversion of products within these reactors, were shown to be comparable to commercially available milli-scale coil reactors. More complex designs, which allowed SL parts to be integrated to existing flow and analytical instrumentation, allowed us to develop an automated reaction analysis and optimisation platform. This platform allowed precise control over the reaction conditions, including flow rate, temperature and reagent composition. We also designed a simplex type reaction optimisation software package that could input data in the form of reaction conversions, peak intensities, and thermocouple data, and generate a new set of optimal reaction conditions. SL parts which incorporated embedded analytical components were also manufactured, which allowed us to perform inline reaction analysis as a feedback method for input into the optimisation platform. Stereolithography was shown to be a highly versatile manufacturing method for designing and producing these flow devices, however the process was shown to be still limited by the range of processable materials currently commercially available. SLM was also used to manufacture a number of functioning milli-scale flow devices from stainless steel and titanium, which had simplistic internal channel designs of diameters ranging from 1 to 3 mm. Again, SLM parts were manufactured which incorporated embedded analytical components, which could be integrated into an automated reaction platform. These devices, unlike parts produced via SL, could be attached to heating platforms to allow us to perform high temperature reactions. This control over the reaction temperature formed an essential part of the reaction optimisation platform. These parts were again used to perform a ketone functional group interconversion. Internal structures of these SLM parts were also visualised via micro computed tomography (μCT or microCT) scanning as well as optical microscopy. FDM was used throughout the project as an inexpensive method of prototyping parts which were to be manufactured via more expensive manufacturing processes. This prototyping allowed the optimisation of intricate design features, such as the manufacture of an inline spectroscopic flow cell for integration with a commercially available LC system. FDM was also proposed as a customisable approach to designing and manufacturing flow devices with embedded components, however the current limitations in build resolution and materials choices severely limited the use of FDM for this application. UAM was also proposed as a novel manufacturing process whereby the build process would allow discrete components to be embedded directly into a flow channel. This was demonstrated by embedding a type-k thermocouple across a 2 mm channel. The data from this thermocouple was monitored during a heated reaction, and used as a method of determining the exact reaction conditions the reaction medium was being exposed to. SLS was also proposed as a possible manufacturing method for milli-scale flow devices, however it proved difficult to remove un-sintered powder from parts with internal channel diameters as high as 5 mm. It was shown that this powder was forming a dense semi solid, due to the large degree of shrinkage upon cooling of the SLS parts, which was compressing the powder. More research into optimum processing conditions is required before SLS could be used for the production of intricate channel networks.

This thesis presents a multiscale investigation and characterization of additive manufactured Polyamide material using fused deposition modelling technique. Manufacturing was performed using Markforgeds – Mark one 3D printer.  A multiscale investigation dedicated to minimizing the effect of shape distortion during 3D printing are presented, focusing on both molecular alignment in microstructure and implementing internal structures in mesostructure. Characterization on samples investigating microstructure was performed with coefficient of linear thermal expansion measurement and 3-point bending experiment. Different samples with varying infill patterns are tested and results indicates an isotropic behaviour through the manufactured samples and implies no molecular alignment due to printing pattern. In meso-structure, an implemented internal pattern is investigated. All samples are measured with 3D scanning equipment to localize and measure the magnitude of shape distortion. Attempts to find relationships in shape distortion and porosity between the samples resulted in no observed trends. Compressive experiments where performed on samples in axial- and transverse directions resulting in anisotropic behaviour. The largest compressive stiffness is recorded in axial direction reaching 0,33 GPa. The study is done in collaboration with Swerea SICOMP and Luleå University of Technology.

Shortening of the time required to make first product after demand is a crucial factor in every field of industry, not excluding the foundry. To lower this delay, there are rapid prototyping methods. The aim of this thesis is to execute an experiment and then evaluate possibilities of using patterns made by 3D FDM printer on an automatic molding line.

Yes / Three dimensional printing (3DP) was used to engineer novel oral drug delivery devices, with specialised design configurations loaded with multiple actives, with applications in personalised medicine. A filament extruder was used to obtain drug-loaded - paracetamol (acetaminophen) or caffeine - filaments of polyvinyl alcohol with characteristics suitable for use in fused-deposition modelling 3D printing. A multi-nozzle 3D printer enabled fabrication of capsule-shaped solid devices, containing paracetamol and caffeine, with different internal structures. The design configurations included a multilayer device, with each layer containing drug, whose identity was different from the drug in the adjacent layers; and a two-compartment device comprising a caplet embedded within a larger caplet (DuoCaplet), with each compartment containing a different drug. Raman spectroscopy was used to collect 2-dimensional hyper spectral arrays across the entire surface of the devices. Processing of the arrays using direct classical least squares component matching to produce false colour representations of distribution of the drugs showed clearly the areas that contain paracetamol and caffeine, and that there is a definitive separation between the drug layers. Drug release tests in biorelevant media showed unique drug release profiles dependent on the macrostructure of the devices. In the case of the multilayer devices, release of both drugs was simultaneous and independent of drug solubility. With the DuoCaplet design it was possible to engineer either rapid drug release or delayed release by selecting the site of incorporation of the drug in the device, and the lag-time for release from the internal compartment was dependent on the characteristics of the external layer. The study confirms the potential of 3D printing to fabricate multiple-drug containing devices with specialized design configurations and unique drug release characteristics, which would not otherwise be possible using conventional manufacturing methods. / The full-text of this article will be released for public view at the end of the publisher embargo on 10 Oct 2016.

Three-dimensional (3D) printing has become broadly available and can be utilized to customize clamping mechanisms in biomechanical experiments. This report will describe our experience using 3D printed clamps to mount soft tissues from different anatomical regions. The feasibility and potential limitations of the technology will be discussed. Tissues were sourced in a fresh condition, including human skin, ligaments and tendons. Standardized clamps and fixtures were 3D printed and used to mount specimens. In quasi-static tensile tests combined with digital image correlation and fatigue trials we characterized the applicability of the clamping technique. Scanning electron microscopy was utilized to evaluate the specimens to assess the integrity of the extracellular matrix following the mechanical tests. 3D printed clamps showed no signs of clamping-related failure during the quasi-static tests, and intact extracellular matrix was found in the clamping area, at the transition clamping area and the central area from where the strain data was obtained. In the fatigue tests, material slippage was low, allowing for cyclic tests beyond 105 cycles. Comparison to other clamping techniques yields that 3D printed clamps ease and expedite specimen handling, are highly adaptable to specimen geometries and ideal for high-standardization and high-throughput experiments in soft tissue biomechanics.

This thesis covers the process of automating the design of coolant nozzles used for cylindrical grinding. Coolant nozzles are used to supply coolant, an oil and water mixture used to cool the metal workpiece and lubricate the grinding wheel. In the automotive industry, grinding is used to reduce the surface roughness of the workpiece. However, a large amount of heat is generated, risking the heat treatment of the steel to be compromised, for this, coolant is supplied to minimize the heat caused by friction. A nozzle is used, aiming a jet to the zone that generates heat. Commonly used nozzles are adjustable, leading to variation in cooling performance if misaligned. The design of fixed nozzles is developed in this thesis to reduce variation and automatise the design for multiple applications. The automatically designed nozzles are fused deposition modeled and tested. The design automation tool is tested repeatedly and improved successively in the span of the thesis. This lead to a great extent of implementation of design automation. Which lead to a facilitation in reaching of the work zone and avoid obstacles. Also, the tool managed to create nozzle tubes for a multitude of machines. The tool is able to generate, aim, orient, and individually dimension multi-nozzle tubes. Design of Experiment methodology is implemented to find nozzle designs with improved velocity and flow rate and minimize the air mixture with the coolant. Several nozzle designs are tested and fitted into a surrogate model that is, in turn, optimized. The results of the tests led to a greater understanding of how the nozzle geometry restricts the flow rate when attempts of reaching higher velocities of the coolant jet are made. The surrogate models created, also made it possible to find the range of designs which best suits different applications, whereby a Pareto front was able to be populated with a range of different designs alternating in flow rate, velocity and coherency ratio.

[ES] Actualmente se usan varios materiales poliméricos para aplicaciones médicas. Debido a la facilidad de poder fabricar formas complejas, que con otros métodos es difícil realizarlas, se usa cada vez con más frecuencia la manufactura aditiva (MA) con materiales poliméricos. El proceso de fabricación aditiva por extrusión de material (MEX), es el proceso de MA más utilizado debido al bajo coste de los equipos, la facilidad de acceso a los materiales (filamento de impresión 3D) y la relativamente baja complejidad de la técnica con respecto a otras tecnologías de procesamiento de polímeros. Estos materiales deben ser compatibles con el cuerpo humano y se requiere que las partes impresas en 3D sean resistentes a los procesos de esterilización, para evitar cualquier tipo de infección o contaminación. Los procesos de esterilización por calor húmedo (MH) y calor seco (DH) son los más usados en el campo de la medicina y son asequibles incluso en instalaciones de baja complejidad. Sin embargo, varios de estos materiales poliméricos, disminuyen sus propiedades mecánicas, térmicas y reológicas y/o cambian dimensionalmente al ser sometidos a los procesos de esterilización. Algunos materiales poliméricos biocompatibles usados para aplicaciones médicas que se encuentran disponibles a nivel comercial en forma de filamento 3D para MA, como el poli(ácido láctico) (PLA), presentan alta resistencia mecánica y rigidez. Sin embargo, su fragilidad impide su uso extendido y esta fragilidad puede ser incluso mayor después de someter a los materiales a procesos de esterilización. Para investigar los efectos de estos dos métodos de esterilización, se imprimieron por MEX algunos especímenes de ensayo con filamentos comerciales de baja temperatura de fusión como el polietileno tereftalato glicol reforzado con fibra de carbono (PETG-CF), poli (ácido láctico) (PLA), CPE , PLA Smartfill®, y un material compuesto elaborado a partir de PLA y reforzado con hidroxiapatita (PLA-HA). Asimismo, se imprimieron por MEX materiales comerciales de alto punto de fusión como el policarbonato (PC), nylon (PA) y polipropileno (PP). Para caracterizar los materiales antes y después de los procesos de esterilización se realizaron pruebas mecánicas, térmicas, termo-mecánicas y ópticas para determinar el efecto de los procesos de impresión sobre cada tipo de material y verificar si las propiedades finales cumplen los requisitos para aplicaciones médicas. Se utilizó la espectroscopia infrarroja por transformada de Fourier (FTIR) para identificar los cambios químicos en los grupos funcionales de las muestras impresas y esterilizadas. Luego, se realizó un estudio morfológico por estereomicroscopio y microscopio electrónico de barrido (SEM) para estudiar los cambios de las muestras debido a los procesos de esterilización. Finalmente, en el caso del polipropileno se hizo la descripción del modelo reológico usando el modelo de Cross-WLF para inferir en las condiciones de procesamiento por MA. En general se encontró que los materiales como el nylon (PA), el polipropileno (PP) y el policarbonato (PC) pueden soportar los procesos de esterilización por calor, por lo que podrían emplearse para el desarrollo de materiales para prótesis y/u otras prestaciones médicas. Por su parte, el PETG reforzado con fibra de carbono, el CPE, el PLA, el PLA Smartfill® y el PLA reforzado con hidroxiapatita (PLA-HA) varían dimensionalmente después de los procesos de esterilización, afectando las propiedades mecánicas de las partes impresas. Por lo tanto, no se recomiendan para su aplicación en prótesis esterilizadas mediante los dos procesos de esterilización estudiados. Sin embargo, el PLA Smartfill® que es más fácil de procesar que los otros PLAs estudiados (PLA y PLA-HA) y que presenta menor contracción durante los procesos de esterilización, podría ser utilizado para aplicaciones que no permanecerán en el cuerpo humano y que requieren menores prestaciones mecánicas, como por ejemplo en guías de cirugía / [CA] Actualment s'usen diversos materials polimèrics per a aplicacions mèdiques,. A causa de la facilitat de poder fabricar formes complexes, que amb altres mètodes és difícil realitzar-les, s'usa cada vegada amb més freqüència la manufactura additiva (MA) amb materials polimèrics acceptats per a aplicacions mèdiques. El procés de fabricació additiva per extrusió de material (MEX), és el procés de MA més utilitzat a causa de el baix cost dels equips, la facilitat d'accés als materials (filament d'impressió 3D) i la relativament baixa complexitat de la tècnica respecte a altres tecnologies de processament de polímers com l'extrusió, emmotllament per injecció, etc. Aquests materials han de ser compatibles amb el cos humà i es requereix que les parts impreses en 3D siguin resistents als processos d'esterilització, per evitar qualsevol tipus d'infecció o contaminació, la qual cosa s'aconsegueix mitjançant el procés d'esterilització. Els processos d'esterilització per calor humida (MH) i calor seca (DH) són els més usats en el camp de la medicina i són assequibles fins i tot en instal·lacions de baixa complexitat (exemple: dispensaris, consultoris, etc.). No obstant això, diversos d'aquests materials polimèrics, disminueixen les seves propietats mecàniques, tèrmiques i reològiques i / o canvien dimensionalment a l'ésser sotmesos als processos d'esterilització. Alguns materials polimèrics biocompatibles usats per a aplicacions mèdiques que es troben disponible a nivell comercial en forma de filament 3D per MA, com el àcid polilàctic (PLA), presenten alta resistència mecànica i rigidesa. No obstant això, la seva fragilitat impedeix el seu ús estès i aquesta fragilitat pot ser fins i tot major després de sotmetre els materials a processos d'esterilització. Per a investigar els efectes d'estos dos mètodes d'esterilització, es van imprimir per MEX alguns espècimens d'assaig amb filaments comercials de baixa temperatura de fusió com el polietilé tereftalato glicol reforçat amb fibra de carboni (PETG-CF) , poli (àcid làctic) (PLA) , CPE , PLA Smartfill®, i un material compost elaborat a partir de PLA i reforçat amb hidroxiapatita (PLA-HA) . Així mateix, es van imprimir per MEX materials comercials d'alt punt de fusió com el policarbonat (PC) , niló (PA) i polipropileno (PP) . Per a caracteritzar els materials abans i després dels processos d'esterilització es van realitzar proves mecàniques, tèrmiques, termomecàniques i òptiques per a determinar l'efecte dels processos d'impressió sobre cada tipus de material i verificar si les propietats finals complixen els requisits per a aplicacions mèdiques. Es va utilitzar l'espectroscòpia infraroja per transformada de Fourier (FTIR) per a identificar els canvis químics en els grups funcionals de les mostres impreses i esterilitzades. Després, es va realitzar un estudi morfològic per estereomicroscopio i microscopi electrònic d'agranat (SEM) per a estudiar els canvis de les mostres degut als processos d'esterilització. Finalment, en el cas del polipropileno es va fer la descripció del model reológico usant el model de Cross-WLF per a inferir en les condicions de processament per MA. En general es va trobar que els materials com el niló (PA) , el polipropilens (PP) i el policarbonat (PC) poden suportar els processos d'esterilització per calor, per la qual cosa podrien emprar-se per al desenrotllament de materials per a pròtesi y/u altres prestacions mèdiques. Per la seua banda, el PETG reforçat amb fibra de carboni, el CPE, el PLA, el PLA Smartfill® i el PLA reforçat amb hidroxiapatita (PLA-HA) varien dimensionalment després dels processos d'esterilització, afectant les propietats mecàniques de les parts impreses. Per tant, no es recomanen per a la seua aplicació en pròtesi esterilitzades per mitjà dels dos processos d'esterilització estudiats. No obstant això, el PLA Smartfill® que és més fàcil de processar que els altres PLAs estudiats (PLA i PLA-HA) i que presenta menor contracció durant els process / [EN] Various polymeric materials are currently used for medical applications. Due to the ease of being able to manufacture complex shapes, which with other methods is difficult to perform, additive manufacturing (MA) with polymeric materials is increasingly used. The additive manufacturing process by material extrusion (MEX), is the most widely used MA process due to the low cost of the equipment, the ease of access to the materials (3D printing filament) and the relatively low complexity of the technique with respect to other polymer processing technologies. These materials must be compatible with the human body and require that the 3D printed parts be resistant to sterilization processes, to avoid any type of infection or contamination. Wet heat (MH) and dry heat (DH) sterilization processes are the most widely used in the medical field and are affordable even in low-complexity facilities. However, these polymeric materials decrease their mechanical, thermal and rheological properties and/or change dimensionally when subjected to sterilization processes. Some biocompatible polymeric materials used for medical applications that are commercially available in 3D filament form for MA, such as poly(lactic acid) (PLA), have high mechanical strength and rigidity. However, their fragility prevents their widespread use, and this fragility can be even greater after subjecting the materials to sterilization processes. To investigate the effects of these two sterilization methods, some test specimens with commercial low-temperature melting filaments such as carbon fiber reinforced polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG-CF), poly (lactic acid) (PLA), CPE, Smartfill PLA®, and a material were printed by MEX. compound made from PLA and reinforced with hydroxyapatite (PLA-HA). Commercial high melting point materials such as polycarbonate (PC), nylon (PA) and polypropylene (PP) were also printed by MEX. To characterize the materials before and after the sterilization processes, they performed mechanical, thermal, thermo-mechanical and optical tests to determine the effect of the printing processes on each type of material and verify if the final properties meet the requirements for medical applications. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to identify chemical changes in the functional groups of printed and sterilized samples. Then, a morphological study was performed by stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM) to study the changes of the samples due to sterilization processes. Finally, in the case of polypropylene, the description of the rheological model was made using the Cross-WLF model to infer in the processing conditions by MA. In general, it was found that materials such as nylon (PA),polypropylene (PP) and polycarbonate (PC) can withstand heat sterilization processes, so they could be used for the development of materials for prostheses and / or other medical benefits. Carbon fiber reinforced PETG, CPE, PLA, Smartfill PLA® and hydroxyapatite-reinforced PLA (PLA-HA) varied dimensionally after sterilization processes, affecting the mechanical properties of the printed parts. Therefore, they are not recommended for application in sterilized prostheses by the two sterilization processes studied. However, Smartfill PLA® which is easier to process than the other PLAs studied (PLA and PLA-HA) and which has less contraction during sterilization processes, could be used for applications that will not remain in the human body and that require lower mechanical performance, such as in surgery guides. In this way, the MA by MEX represents a simple and economical technique that can be implemented for the development of materials for custom-designed surgery guides and sterilizable by simple processes such as wet heat and dry heat, available in low complexity medical facilities. / Fuentes Fuentes, JM. (2022). Estudio y diseño de materiales de impresión 3d que soporten los sistemas de esterilización médicos [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/180857

[ES] En los últimos años, la fabricación aditiva a través de la extrusión de materiales ha experimentado un desarrollo y adopción acelerados gracias a la amplia disponibilidad de máquinas y materiales de bajo costo. El tamaño de estas máquinas se ha reducido del tamaño del taller al tamaño del escritorio, lo que permite su uso en configuraciones de oficina o en el hogar. Este cambio ha permitido la adopción de la tecnología por la gama más amplia de usuarios que nunca, con o sin experiencia en diseño de ingeniería. Este nuevo paradigma ha creado el desafío de cómo habilitar que estos nuevos usuarios aprovechen las capacidades proporcionadas por esta tecnología. Esta tecnología permite la creación de geometrías complejas y productos personalizados con un coste inferior a los procesos de fabricación convencionales. Además, la gran cantidad de usuarios dispuestos a compartir sus diseños permite encontrar soluciones de diseño desde otros diseñadores. Sin embargo, la amplia gama de configuraciones de máquina, parámetros y materiales requiere brindar soporte para obtener resultados exitosos para cualquier combinación. Esta tesis aborda este desafío identificando las características de diseño y fabricación a considerar e investigando las consideraciones mecánicas y de pos procesamiento. Se propone y evalúa un nuevo marco de diseño que permite a los nuevos usuarios aprovechar las capacidades y considerar las limitaciones. Esta investigación encuentra que es posible crear un conjunto de herramientas de diseño que permita a los usuarios no capacitados diseñar productos utilizando la complejidad habilitada por la tecnología al tiempo que garantiza la funcionalidad y la capacidad de fabricación del producto. / [CA] En els últims anys, la fabricació additiva a través de l'extrusió de materials ha experimentat un desenvolupament i adopció accelerats gràcies a l'àmplia disponibilitat de màquines i materials de baix cost. La grandària d'aquestes màquines s'ha reduït de la grandària del taller a la grandària de l'escriptori, la qual cosa permet el seu ús en configuracions d'oficina o en a casa. Aquest canvi ha permés l'adopció de la tecnologia per la gamma més àmplia d'usuaris que mai, amb o sense experiència en disseny o enginyeria. Aquest nou paradigma ha creat el desafiament de com habilitar que aquests nous usuaris aprofiten les capacitats proporcionades per aquesta tecnologia. Aquesta tecnologia permet la creació de geometries complexes i productes personalitzats amb un cost inferior als processos de fabricació convencionals. A més, la gran quantitat d'usuaris disposats a compartir els seus dissenys permet trobar solucions de disseny des d'altres dissenyadors. No obstant això, l'àmplia gamma de configuracions de màquina, paràmetres i materials requereix brindar suport per a obtindre resultats reeixits per a qualsevol combinació. Aquesta tesi aborda aquest desafiament identificant les característiques de disseny i fabricació a considerar i investigant les consideracions mecàniques i de post processament. Es proposa i avalua un nou marc de disseny que permet als nous usuaris aprofitar les capacitats i considerar les limitacions. Aquesta investigació troba que és possible crear un conjunt d'eines de disseny que permeta als usuaris no capacitats dissenyar productes utilitzant la complexitat habilitada per la tecnologia al mateix temps que garanteix la funcionalitat i la capacitat de fabricació del producte. / [EN] In recent years, additive manufacturing through material extrusion has experienced accelerated development and adoption thanks to the wide availability of low-cost machines and materials. The size of these machines has been reduced from shop floor to desktop size, enabling their usage in office setups or at home. This change has allowed the adoption of the technology by the broadest range of users than ever, with or without an engineering design background. This new paradigm has created the challenge of how to enable these novel users to leverage the capabilities provided by this technology. This technology allows the creation of complex geometry and customised products with a cost lower than conventional manufacturing processes. Furthermore, the large number of users willing to share their designs allows finding design solutions from other designers. However, the wide range of machine configurations, parameters and materials requires providing support to obtain successful results under any combination. This thesis addresses this challenge by identifying the design and manufacturing characteristics to be considered and investigating the mechanical and post-processing considerations. A new design framework that enables new users to leverage the capabilities and consider the limitations is proposed and evaluated. This research finds that it is possible to create a design toolkit that enables untrained users to design products using the complexity enabled by the technology whilst ensuring the product's functionality and manufacturability. / Fernández Vicente, M. (2022). Analysis to Support Design for Additive Manufacturing with Desktop 3D Printing [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/185344

Tesis por compendio / [ES] En la actualidad, el modelado por deposición fundida (FDM) es el tipo de tecnología de fabricación aditiva más difundida y estudiada dada su facilidad de uso y economía de proceso. No obstante, debido a las anisotropías generadas durante el proceso aditivo, las piezas fabricadas mediante FDM presentan limitaciones en su uso funcional. Estas anisotropías dependen de los parámetros del proceso y pueden provocar variaciones dimensionales y cambios en las propiedades mecánicas de las piezas. Para mejorar dichas características, se puede recurrir a diversos post-procesos como el tratamiento térmico. Sin embargo, durante su aplicación se pueden producir variaciones dimensionales en las piezas tratadas que reduzcan o anulen su aplicabilidad industrial. En la presente Tesis Doctoral se ha abordado el estudio del comportamiento dimensional de piezas fabricadas mediante FDM sometidas a tratamiento térmico. Se ha evaluado una propuesta de mejora en el post-proceso consistente en el uso de un molde de polvo cerámico compactado alrededor de las piezas a fin de minimizar la aparición de deformaciones durante el tratamiento térmico. El estudio de las deformaciones durante el post-procesado térmico se ha focalizado en los dos materiales termoplásticos más empleados en FDM, el ácido poliláctico (PLA) y el acrilonitrilo butadieno estireno (ABS), de naturaleza semicristalina y amorfa respectivamente. Se han analizado las variaciones dimensionales sufridas por las piezas durante el tratamiento térmico, considerando la influencia de la orientación de las líneas depositadas, la temperatura del tratamiento y el uso del molde de polvo cerámico. Para evaluar la mejora aplicada en el post-procesado térmico, se ha definido y analizado la eficacia del molde con las mismas variables del estudio dimensional. A fin de poder predecir las deformaciones sufridas por las piezas tratadas y la eficacia del molde en un amplio rango de temperaturas, se ha realizado una aproximación polinómica con los resultados obtenidos experimentalmente. / [CA] Actualment, el modelatge per deposició fosa (FDM) és el tipus de tecnologia de fabricació additiva més difosa i estudiada atesa la facilitat d'ús i economia de procés. Això no obstant, a causa de les anisotropies generades durant el procés additiu, les peces fabricades mitjançant FDM presenten limitacions en el seu ús funcional. Aquestes anisotropies depenen dels paràmetres del procés i poden provocar variacions dimensionals i canvis a les propietats mecàniques de les peces. Per millorar aquestes característiques, es pot recórrer a diversos postprocessos com el tractament tèrmic. No obstant això, durant la seva aplicació es poden produir variacions dimensionals a les peces tractades que redueixin o anul·lin la seva aplicabilitat industrial. En aquesta Tesi Doctoral s'ha abordat l'estudi del comportament dimensional de peces fabricades mitjançant FDM sotmeses a tractament tèrmic. S'ha avaluat una proposta de millora en el post-procés consistent en l'ús d'un motlle de pols ceràmic compactat al voltant de les peces per tal de minimitzar l'aparició de deformacions durant el tractament tèrmic. L'estudi de les deformacions durant el post-processat tèrmic s'ha focalitzat en els dos materials termoplásticos més empleats en FDM, l'àcid poliláctico (PLA) i l'acrilonitrilo butadien estireno (ABS), de naturalesa semicristalina i amorfa respectivament. S'han analitzat les variacions dimensionals sofrides per les peces durant el tractament tèrmic, tenint en compte la influència de l'orientació de les línies dipositades, la temperatura del tractament i l'ús del motlle de pols ceràmic. Per avaluar la millora aplicada en el post-processat tèrmic, s'ha definit i analitzat l'eficàcia del motlle amb les mateixes variables de l'estudi dimensional. Per tal de poder predir les deformacions patides per les peces tractades i l'eficàcia del motlle en un ampli rang de temperatures, s'ha fet una aproximació polinòmica amb els resultats obtinguts experimentalment. / [EN] Nowadays, fused deposition modeling (FDM) is the most widespread and studied additive manufacturing technology due to its ease of use and process economics. However, due to the anisotropies generated during the additive process, FDM fabricated parts have limitations in their functional use. These anisotropies depend on the process parameters and can lead to dimensional variations and changes in the mechanical properties of the parts. Various post-processes, such as heat treatment, can be used to improve these characteristics. However, during its application, dimensional variations can occur in the treated parts that reduce or make their industrial applicability impossible. In this Thesis, the dimensional behavior of FDM parts subjected to heat treatment has been studied. A post-processing improvement proposal consisting of using a compacted ceramic powder mould around the parts to minimize deformations during the heat treatment has been evaluated. The study of deformations during thermal post-processing has focused on the two most widely used thermoplastic materials in FDM, polylactic acid (PLA) and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), with semi-crystalline and amorphous nature respectively. For this purpose, standard specimens coded according to different internal geometries were manufactured. The dimensional variations suffered by the parts during the heat treatment have been analyzed considering the influence of the orientation of the deposited lines, the material used, the treatment temperature and the use of the ceramic powder mould. To evaluate the thermal post-processing improvement, the effectiveness of mould has been defined and analyzed with the same variables of the dimensional study. To predict the deformations suffered by the treated parts and the efficacy of the mould in a wide range of temperatures, a polynomial approximation has been fitted to the results obtained experimentally. / Lluch Cerezo, J. (2023). Análisis y mejora del comportamiento dimensional de termoplásticos impresos en 3D mediante modelado por deposición fundida sometidos a un proceso de tratamiento térmico [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/194607 / Compendio