The purpose of the present study is to investigate the link between shame-proneness, guilt-proneness, attributional styles, and coping strategies, and then to determine which of these variables are significantly related to depressive symptomatology in the sample of Turkish undergraduates. Moreover, the association between shame-proneness, guilt-proneness and depressive symptomatology through attributional styles and coping strategies is examined. Four hundred undergraduates from different universities completed the Ways of Coping Inventory, Attribution Styles Questionnaire, Test of Self-Conscious Affect-3 and Beck Depression Inventory in addition to the questionnaire surveying sociodemografic variables. The findings of the analyses have revealed that shame- and guiltproneness have a significant effect on coping strategies, attributional styles, and depressive symptomatology. The attributional styles also have predictive effects on the use of coping strategies. However, contrary to the researcher&#039 / s predictions, no relationship between attributional styles and depressive symptomatology has been found. In order to test the mediation model, mediation analyses have been conducted and the results of the analyses have been tested by structural equation modeling, which have confirmed the mediation effect of problem-focused coping only between shame- and guilt-proneness and depressive symptomatology. In conclusion, shame- and guilt-proneness are the strongest predictors of depressive symptomatology and their significant effect on depressive symptoms are above and beyond the other variables. The findings of the present study have suggested that the analysis of shame-proneness, frequency, and duration of feelings of shame and related occasions are crucial in psychotherapy process. The results of the study have emphasized the importance of taking shame-proneness into account and dealing with it in the psychotherapy process.

The proportion of adults aged 65 and older in the United States has been increasing steadily for years. Although most would agree that this increased longevity is a remarkable achievement, there is growing concern regarding the resources that will be necessary to provide care and services for this rapidly expanding segment of the population. From a public health perspective, simply increasing longevity is no longer the ultimate outcome sought. A more pertinent goal is increasing the quality of life years, or promoting resilience and successful aging. Strategies that assist adults in delaying the onset of disability or reducing the severity of disabling conditions may serve a vital role in the promotion of resilience and successful aging in older adults. The purpose of this study was to explore the association between religiosity and subjective well-being, commonly identified as a marker of resilience in older adults. In addition, the study sought to determine if that association is mediated by optimism. For this study, subjective well-being was operationalized with measures of depressive symptomatology and life satisfaction. Secondary analyses were conducted on longitudinal data collected for the Florida Retirement Study. Results indicated that religiosity was not significantly associated with future depressive symptomatology, but was significantly associated with future life satisfaction. Dispositional optimism did not mediate the relationships between religiosity and subjective well-being variables.

Introduction It is clear from the literature that depressive disorder is closely related to lifestyle, however the relationship between burnout and lifestyle remains unclear. The aim of this study was to present a comprehensive overview of depressive symptoms, burnout and lifestyle over the years. Furthermore, this study looks at the relationship between burnout, depressive symptomatology and lifestyle and seeks to clarify the extent to which burnout can be explained by these variables. Methods Data collection took place in three waves. The first data collection was in 2014 (October/November), the second in 2017 (March) and the third in 2020 (March). The STEM/MARK agency conducted the data collection and collected answers from a representative sample of respondents using the CAWI method - computer-assisted questioning. These respondents were selected from the European National Panel. Because the target group was adults (18-65 years), an online survey was chosen. Internet penetration in this target population is sufficient and it was not necessary to use a combination of methodologies. Results All 3 data collections identically show that for the model explaining burnout statistically significant variables are: age, depression and fatigue during the day. Other variables related to healthy lifestyles...

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Les déterminants psychologiques de la qualité de vie des patients atteints de métastases cérébrales traités par des techniques de neurochirurgie sont peu connus, et en particulier la contribution du fonctionnement cognitif et émotionnel. Des auteurs encouragent la prise en compte de la temporalité pour mieux saisir le concept de qualité de vie. Zimbardo et ses collaborateurs ont développé une théorie du temps psychologique qui permet de relier la qualité de vie et la dépression, nommée la « perspective temporelle ». La thèse vise à confirmer le rôle prédicteur du fonctionnement cognitif dans la qualité de vie de patients traités chirurgicalement pour tumeur(s) cérébrale(s) métastatique(s) et à mieux comprendre les relations entre la perspective temporelle, la dépression et la qualité de vie. Une première étude a comparé le profil sociocognitif en inter-sujets (patients versus témoins) et en intra-sujets (avant traitement neurochirurgical versus après), et a exploré des déterminants de la qualité de vie (i.e., fonctionnement cognitif, symptomatologie dépressive et perspective temporelle). Les résultats principaux sont que les patients présentent un dysfonctionnement cognitif global qui impacte négativement leur autonomie fonctionnelle et qu’une symptomatologie dépressive, même légère, est un important prédicteur de leur qualité de vie globale. Les patients sont plus orientés vers le « présent fataliste » que des témoins, et les dimensions « passé » de leur perspective temporelle sont liées à leur qualité de vie, notamment à travers leur influence sur l’état émotionnel. Une deuxième étude a examiné les relations entre la dimension « passé négatif » de la perspective temporelle en particulier, la dépression et la qualité de vie chez un groupe de patients. Les résultats suggèrent que la symptomatologie dépressive des patients est un médiateur des effets de la dimension « passé négatif » sur leur qualité de vie. Une troisième recherche a exploré, via une étude de cas, les dynamiques du profil de perspective temporelle, de la symptomatologie dépressive, de « l’incertitude vers le futur » et de la qualité de vie au cours du suivi médical. Le principal résultat de cette étude est que les dynamiques des deux dimensions « présent » évoluent conjointement à celle de l’incertitude vers le futur. La thèse encourage la mise en œuvre d’études interventionnelles destinées à évaluer l’efficacité d’interventions psychologiques centrées sur la perspective temporelle chez des patients atteints de métastases cérébrales. / Little is known about the psychological determinants of quality of life in brain metastases patients treated with neurosurgical techniques, in particular the contribution of cognitive and emotional functioning. Authors encourage the consideration of temporality in order to better understand the concept of quality of life. Zimbardo and his collaborators developed a psychological time theory that links quality of life and depression, called the "time perspective". The thesis aims to confirm the predictive role of cognitive functioning in the quality of life of patients treated surgically for metastatic cerebral tumors and to better understand the relationships between time perspective, depression and quality of life. A first study compared the sociocognitive profile in inter-subjects (patients versus controls) and in intra-subjects (before neurosurgical treatment versus after), and explored determinants of quality of life (ie, cognitive functioning, depressive symptomatology and time perspective). The main results are that patients have a global cognitive dysfunction that negatively impairs their functional autonomy and that a depressive symptomatology, even minimal, is an important predictor of their overall quality of life. Patients are more oriented towards the "present-fatalistic " than the controls, and the "past" dimensions of their time perspective are related to their quality of life, notably through their influence on the emotional state. A second study examined the relationship between the "past-negative" dimension of the time perspective in particular, depression and quality of life in a group of patients. The results suggest that the depressive symptomatology of patients mediate the effects of the "past negative" dimension on their quality of life. A third study explored, through a case study, the dynamics of the time perspective profile, depressive symptomatology, "uncertainty towards the future" and quality of life during medical follow-up. The main result of this study is that the dynamics of the two "present" dimensions evolve jointly with the future uncertainty. The thesis encourages the implementation of interventional studies to evaluate the effectiveness of psychological interventions centered on the time perspective in brain metastases patients.

Le début de l’adolescence est une période de changements rapides où la détresse psychologique et l’expérimentation de la marijuana sont choses fréquentes. Certaines études longitudinales ont démontré que ces deux phénomènes ont tendance à se manifester conjointement tandis que d’autres n’ont pu observer de tel lien. Ces résultats divergents suggèrent que plusieurs questions persistent concernant la nature de cette relation. Cette thèse a pour objectif d’explorer la consommation de marijuana et la détresse psychologique en début d’adolescence afin de mieux saisir les changements à travers le temps, ainsi que d’examiner si ces deux problématiques évoluent conjointement et s’influencent réciproquement. Un échantillon de 448 adolescents garçons et filles fréquentant deux écoles secondaires de Montréal, ont été suivi de secondaire I à secondaire III. De 1999 à 2001, les participants ont complété un questionnaire à chaque année de l’étude incluant des mesures portant sur la consommation de marijuana et la détresse psychologique (IDPESQ-14). Un modèle de mixture semi-paramétrique (Nagin, 2005) a été utilisé afin d’identifier les trajectoires développementales de la consommation de marijuana et de détresse psychologique. Des analyses ont également été effectuées afin d’établir les liens d’appartenance entre chacune des trajectoires de consommation identifiées et la détresse psychologique lors de la première année de l`étude, ainsi qu’entre chacune des trajectoires de détresse psychologique et la consommation de marijuana en première année du secondaire. Finalement, des analyses de trajectoires jointes ont été effectuées afin de déterminer l’interrelation entre la consommation de marijuana et la détresse psychologique. Les résultats de notre étude suggèrent qu’il existe une grande hétérogénéité au niveau de la consommation de marijuana et la détresse psychologique. Trois trajectoires développementales ont été identifiées pour la consommation de marijuana: consommation légère, consommation grandissante et consommation élevée et stable. Trois trajectoires ont également été observées pour la détresse psychologique : basse, moyenne et élevée. Nos résultats démontrent la présence d’un lien entre la détresse psychologique rapportée lors de la première année de l’étude et les trajectoires de consommation problématiques. Ce lien a également été observé entre la consommation de marijuana rapportée lors de première année de l’étude et les trajectoires problématiques de détresse psychologique. Les analyses de trajectoires jointes démontrent la présence d’une concordance entre la consommation de marijuana et la détresse psychologique. Cette interrelation est toutefois complexe puisque les trajectoires de détresse psychologique élevée sont associées à un niveau de consommation de marijuana plus problématique mais l’inverse de cette association est moins probable. Notre étude met en lumière la nature asymétrique de la concordance entre la consommation de marijuana et la détresse psychologique. / Early adolescence is period of rapid changes where psychological distress and marijuana use experimentation are common occurrences. Longitudinal studies examining the association between these two phenomena have provided mixed results and many questions prevail regarding the nature of this association. The purpose of this study is to examine the patterns of co-occurrence between marijuana use and psychological distress in early adolescence. A sample of 448 adolescent boys and girls attending two high schools in Montreal, Canada was followed from Grade 7 to 9. From 1999 to 2001, the participants completed an annual survey which included measures of marijuana use and psychological distress (IDPESQ-14). Using a semi-parametric group based modeling strategy, the study has for objectives to establish the developmental trajectories of marijuana use and psychological distress in early adolescence, to explore how marijuana use or psychological distress measured at baseline is associated with various developmental trajectories and to examine the interrelationship of these two phenomena as they concurrently develop over the span of our study. Our results provide evidence that marijuana use and psychological distress are phenomena with great heterogeneity as they develop over time. We identified 3 trajectories of marijuana use: Light Users, Increasers and High Chronics and 3 trajectories of psychological distress: Low, Medium and High. Our findings also demonstrate that adolescents who reported psychological distress at baseline were more likely to follow problematic trajectories of marijuana use when compared to light users and the reverse of the association was also true since adolescent who reported marijuana use at baseline were more likely to follow an elevated trajectory of psychological distress. Our joint trajectory analysis demonstrated that the developmental patterns of co-occurrence of marijuana use and psychological distress are complex. Our study provides evidence that adolescents following a trajectory of elevated psychological distress are at increased risk of also following a trajectory of elevated marijuana use but adolescents following a problematic trajectory of marijuana use are not necessarily at greater risk of following an elevated trajectory of psychological distress. Our study highlights the presence of an asymmetrical relationship between marijuana use and psychological distress in early adolescence.

This thesis is comprised of four studies and concerns haemodialysis patients’ confidence in being able to manage fluid intake between treatment sessions, and whether the fluid intake is influenced by certain modifiable characteristics of the persons in question. The overall aim was to study aspects of excessive fluid overload and haemodialysis patients’ self-regulation of fluid allotment from a bio-psychosocial and behavioural medicine perspective. The extent of non-adherence to fluid allotment was described in Study I. National registry data were used. Three out of ten Swedish haemodialysis patients had excessive fluid overload and one out of five was at risk for treatment related complications due to too rapid ultrafiltration rate. The objective in Study II was to develop and psychometrically evaluate a self-administered scale to measure situation-specific self-efficacy to low fluid intake. The measure (the Fluid Intake Appraisal Inventory) was found to be reliable and valid in haemodialysis settings. Subgroups based on individual profiles of self-efficacy, attentional style and depressive symptoms were explored in Study III using a cluster analytic approach. Three distinct subgroups were found and the subgroup structure was validated for clinical relevance. The individuals’ profile concerning self-efficacy, attentional style and depressive symptoms has to be taken into account in nursing interventions designed to reduce haemodialysis patients’ fluid intake. In Study IV, an intervention designed to reduce haemodialysis patients’ fluid intake was introduced and its acceptability, feasibility and efficacy were evaluated and discussed. Acceptability of such an intervention was confirmed. Addressing beliefs, behaviours, emotions and physical feelings is clinically feasible and may reduce haemodialysis patient’s excessive fluid overload. This thesis indicates that there is a potential for improvement in the fluid management care of haemodialysis patients. Behavioural nursing strategies that aim to assist patients to achieve fluid control should be applied more extensively. Cognitive profiles of the patients should be taken into account when targeted nursing intervention aiming to encourage and maintain the patient’s fluid control is introduced.

This thesis is comprised of four studies and concerns haemodialysis patients’ confidence in being able to manage fluid intake between treatment sessions, and whether the fluid intake is influenced by certain modifiable characteristics of the persons in question. The overall aim was to study aspects of excessive fluid overload and haemodialysis patients’ self-regulation of fluid allotment from a bio-psychosocial and behavioural medicine perspective. The extent of non-adherence to fluid allotment was described in Study I. National registry data were used. Three out of ten Swedish haemodialysis patients had excessive fluid overload and one out of five was at risk for treatment related complications due to too rapid ultrafiltration rate. The objective in Study II was to develop and psychometrically evaluate a self-administered scale to measure situation-specific self-efficacy to low fluid intake. The measure (the Fluid Intake Appraisal Inventory) was found to be reliable and valid in haemodialysis settings. Subgroups based on individual profiles of self-efficacy, attentional style and depressive symptoms were explored in Study III using a cluster analytic approach. Three distinct subgroups were found and the subgroup structure was validated for clinical relevance. The individuals’ profile concerning self-efficacy, attentional style and depressive symptoms has to be taken into account in nursing interventions designed to reduce haemodialysis patients’ fluid intake. In Study IV, an intervention designed to reduce haemodialysis patients’ fluid intake was introduced and its acceptability, feasibility and efficacy were evaluated and discussed. Acceptability of such an intervention was confirmed. Addressing beliefs, behaviours, emotions and physical feelings is clinically feasible and may reduce haemodialysis patient’s excessive fluid overload. This thesis indicates that there is a potential for improvement in the fluid management care of haemodialysis patients. Behavioural nursing strategies that aim to assist patients to achieve fluid control should be applied more extensively. Cognitive profiles of the patients should be taken into account when targeted nursing intervention aiming to encourage and maintain the patient’s fluid control is introduced.