This thesis investigates the design of fault tolerant and fault secure (FTFS) systems within the framework of silicon compilation. Automatic design modification is used to introduce FTFS characteristics into a design. A taxonomy of FTFS techniques is introduced and is used to identify a number of features which an "automatic design for FTFS" system should exhibit. A silicon compilation system, Chip Churn 2 (CC2), has been implemented and has been used to demonstrate the feasibility of automatic design of FTFS systems. The CC2 system provides a design language, simulation facilities and a back-end able to produce CMOS VLSI designs. A number of FTFS design methods have been implemented within the CC2 environment; these methods range from triple modular redundancy to concurrent parity code checking. The FTFS design methods can be applied automatically to general designs in order to realise them as FTFS systems. A number of example designs are presented; these are used to illustrate the FTFS modification techniques which have been implemented. Area results for CMOS devices are presented; this allows the modification methods to be compared. A number of problems arising from the methods are highlighted and some solutions suggested.

No cenário atual, as indústrias que desejarem manter-se competitivas deverão investir em inovação além dos produtos tangíveis, investindo também em serviços e experiências para os usuários. Para isto, tais empresas deverão aprimorar seus processos de desenvolvimento, fazendo uso de ferramentas e métodos orientados à inovação, transformando-a em um processo sistemático. Entretanto, existe ainda uma divergência entre as metodologias ensinadas na academia e a prática industrial, tornando o desenvolvimento estruturado a partir de métodos uma atividade pouco utilizada dentro das empresas. Neste contexto, esta pesquisa buscou estabelecer fatores de convergência entre a teoria e a prática na implementação de métodos de design voltados à inovação. O estudo faz parte de um projeto que visa propor diretrizes para aumentar a competitividade da indústria por meio da inovação em design, desenvolvido dentro de empresas brasileiras desenvolvedoras de produtos. A estratégia da pesquisa consistiu na implementação de métodos nos setores relacionados ao desenvolvimento de produto a partir de diretrizes propostas na literatura, bem como na sua posterior avaliação, a fim de estudar os fatores que propiciam a incorporação de uma rotina de desenvolvimento estruturado nas empresas. Além da implementação, foram realizadas pesquisas bibliográficas, entrevistas, questionários e grupos focais para a consecução dos objetivos propostos. Ao fim da pesquisa apresentou-se um conjunto de fatores para facilitar a utilização de métodos de design que favoreçam a criação de sistema-produtos inovadores. / In the present scenario, the industries that wish to remain competitive must invest in innovation beyond the tangible products also investing in services and user experiences. To achieve this, these companies should improve their development processes, using tools and methods oriented to innovation, transforming it into a systematic process. However, there is still a discrepancy between the methodologies taught in academia and industry practice, making the development structured by methods a uncommon use within companies. In this context, this research sought to establish convergence factors between theory and practice in the implementation of design methods focused on innovation. The study is part of a project to propose guidelines for increasing the competitiveness of industry through innovation in design, developed in product developers Brazilian companies. The research strategy consisted in the implementation of design methods based on guidelines proposed in the literature in the sectors related to product development, as well as their subsequent evaluation in order to study the factors that favor the incorporation of a structured routine development in companies. In addition to implementation, were conducted literature searches, interviews, questionnaires and focus groups to achieve the proposed objectives. At the end of the research were presented a set of factors used to facilitate the design methods which favor the creation of innovative system-products.

No cenário atual, as indústrias que desejarem manter-se competitivas deverão investir em inovação além dos produtos tangíveis, investindo também em serviços e experiências para os usuários. Para isto, tais empresas deverão aprimorar seus processos de desenvolvimento, fazendo uso de ferramentas e métodos orientados à inovação, transformando-a em um processo sistemático. Entretanto, existe ainda uma divergência entre as metodologias ensinadas na academia e a prática industrial, tornando o desenvolvimento estruturado a partir de métodos uma atividade pouco utilizada dentro das empresas. Neste contexto, esta pesquisa buscou estabelecer fatores de convergência entre a teoria e a prática na implementação de métodos de design voltados à inovação. O estudo faz parte de um projeto que visa propor diretrizes para aumentar a competitividade da indústria por meio da inovação em design, desenvolvido dentro de empresas brasileiras desenvolvedoras de produtos. A estratégia da pesquisa consistiu na implementação de métodos nos setores relacionados ao desenvolvimento de produto a partir de diretrizes propostas na literatura, bem como na sua posterior avaliação, a fim de estudar os fatores que propiciam a incorporação de uma rotina de desenvolvimento estruturado nas empresas. Além da implementação, foram realizadas pesquisas bibliográficas, entrevistas, questionários e grupos focais para a consecução dos objetivos propostos. Ao fim da pesquisa apresentou-se um conjunto de fatores para facilitar a utilização de métodos de design que favoreçam a criação de sistema-produtos inovadores. / In the present scenario, the industries that wish to remain competitive must invest in innovation beyond the tangible products also investing in services and user experiences. To achieve this, these companies should improve their development processes, using tools and methods oriented to innovation, transforming it into a systematic process. However, there is still a discrepancy between the methodologies taught in academia and industry practice, making the development structured by methods a uncommon use within companies. In this context, this research sought to establish convergence factors between theory and practice in the implementation of design methods focused on innovation. The study is part of a project to propose guidelines for increasing the competitiveness of industry through innovation in design, developed in product developers Brazilian companies. The research strategy consisted in the implementation of design methods based on guidelines proposed in the literature in the sectors related to product development, as well as their subsequent evaluation in order to study the factors that favor the incorporation of a structured routine development in companies. In addition to implementation, were conducted literature searches, interviews, questionnaires and focus groups to achieve the proposed objectives. At the end of the research were presented a set of factors used to facilitate the design methods which favor the creation of innovative system-products.

No cenário atual, as indústrias que desejarem manter-se competitivas deverão investir em inovação além dos produtos tangíveis, investindo também em serviços e experiências para os usuários. Para isto, tais empresas deverão aprimorar seus processos de desenvolvimento, fazendo uso de ferramentas e métodos orientados à inovação, transformando-a em um processo sistemático. Entretanto, existe ainda uma divergência entre as metodologias ensinadas na academia e a prática industrial, tornando o desenvolvimento estruturado a partir de métodos uma atividade pouco utilizada dentro das empresas. Neste contexto, esta pesquisa buscou estabelecer fatores de convergência entre a teoria e a prática na implementação de métodos de design voltados à inovação. O estudo faz parte de um projeto que visa propor diretrizes para aumentar a competitividade da indústria por meio da inovação em design, desenvolvido dentro de empresas brasileiras desenvolvedoras de produtos. A estratégia da pesquisa consistiu na implementação de métodos nos setores relacionados ao desenvolvimento de produto a partir de diretrizes propostas na literatura, bem como na sua posterior avaliação, a fim de estudar os fatores que propiciam a incorporação de uma rotina de desenvolvimento estruturado nas empresas. Além da implementação, foram realizadas pesquisas bibliográficas, entrevistas, questionários e grupos focais para a consecução dos objetivos propostos. Ao fim da pesquisa apresentou-se um conjunto de fatores para facilitar a utilização de métodos de design que favoreçam a criação de sistema-produtos inovadores. / In the present scenario, the industries that wish to remain competitive must invest in innovation beyond the tangible products also investing in services and user experiences. To achieve this, these companies should improve their development processes, using tools and methods oriented to innovation, transforming it into a systematic process. However, there is still a discrepancy between the methodologies taught in academia and industry practice, making the development structured by methods a uncommon use within companies. In this context, this research sought to establish convergence factors between theory and practice in the implementation of design methods focused on innovation. The study is part of a project to propose guidelines for increasing the competitiveness of industry through innovation in design, developed in product developers Brazilian companies. The research strategy consisted in the implementation of design methods based on guidelines proposed in the literature in the sectors related to product development, as well as their subsequent evaluation in order to study the factors that favor the incorporation of a structured routine development in companies. In addition to implementation, were conducted literature searches, interviews, questionnaires and focus groups to achieve the proposed objectives. At the end of the research were presented a set of factors used to facilitate the design methods which favor the creation of innovative system-products.

Software architecture design as an engineering field has evolved greatly during the last 15 years, which is evident by the number of methods, styles, patterns, and guidelines available for its practitioners in industry. This paper takes a closer look at the purposes behind this field to reveal the level of discrepancy in pursued purposes between industrial practitioners and published methods for software architecture design. In our research surveys of architecture design methods and of purposes at a number of industrial practitioners resulted in two sets of purposes which were eventually compared and the level of discrepancy identified. / Mjukvarudesign är ett område inom mjukvaruindustrin som utvecklats omfattande under de senaste 15 åren, vilket synliggjorts av de nya metoder, designstilar, designmönster och paradigmer som gjorts tillgängliga för mjukvaruutvecklare idag. Den här uppsatsen gör en djupgranskning av syftena bakom detta arbetsområde för att upptäcka eventuella skillnader mellan de syften som framhålls av befintliga arkitekturmetoder och de syften som åtsträvas av utövare inom mjukvaruindustrin.

Columns are critical elements of any structure and their failure can lead to the catastrophic consequences of progressive failure. In structural design, procedures to design structures to resist conventional loads are well established. But design for accidental loading conditions is increasingly requested by clients and occupants in modern engineering designs. Among many accidental causes that induce column failure, impact (e.g. vehicular impact, ship impact, crane impact, impact by flying debris after an explosion) has rarely been considered in the modern engineering designs of civil engineering structures such as buildings and bridges. Therefore, most of the design requirements for structural members under vehicle impact as suggested by the current standards and codes such as Eurocode 1 are based on simple equations or procedures that make gross assumptions and they may be highly inaccurate. This research aims to develop more accurate methods of assessing steel column behaviour under vehicle impact.The first main objective of this study is to numerically simulate the dynamic impact response of axially loaded steel columns under vehicle impact, including the prediction of failure modes, using the finite element method. To achieve this goal, a numerical model has been proposed and validated to simulate the behaviour and failure modes of axially loaded steel columns under rigid body impact using the commercial finite element code ABAQUS/Explicit. Afterwards, an extensive parametric study was conducted to provide a comprehensive database of results covering different impact masses, impact velocities and impact locations in addition to different column boundary conditions, axial load ratios and section sizes. The parametric study results show that global buckling is the predominant failure mode of axially unrestrained compressed steel columns under transverse impact. The parametric study results have also revealed that column failure was mainly dependent on the value of the kinetic energy of impact. The parametric study has also shown that strain rate has a minor effect on the behaviour and failure of steel columns under low to medium velocity impact. The parametric study results have been used to develop an understanding of the detailed behaviour of steel columns under transverse impact in order to inform the assumptions of the proposed analytical method.To account for the effect of vehicle impact on the behaviour of steel columns, a simplified numerical vehicle model was developed and validated in this study using a spring mass system. In this spring mass system, the spring represents the stiffness characteristics of the vehicle. The vehicle stiffness characteristics can be assumed to be bilinear, with the first part representing the vehicle deformation behaviour up to the engine box and the second part representing the stiffness of the engine box, which is almost rigid. The second main objective of this research is to develop a simplified analytical approach that can be used to predict the critical velocity of impact on steel columns. The proposed method utilizes the energy balance principle with a quasi-static approximation of the steel column response and assumes global plastic buckling as the main failure mode of the impacted column. The validation results show very good agreement between the analytical method results and the ABAQUS simulation results with the analytical results tending to be on the safe side. A detailed assessment of the design requirements suggested by Eurocode 1, regarding the design of steel columns to resist vehicle impact, has shown that the equivalent static design force approach can be used in the design of moderately sized columns that are typically used in low multi-storey buildings (less than 10 storeys). For bigger columns, it is unsafe to use the Eurocode 1 equivalent static forces. It is acceptable to use a dynamic impulse in a dynamic analysis to represent the dynamic action of vehicle impact on columns, but it is important that both the column and vehicle stiffness values should be included when calculating the equivalent impulse force – time relationship. It is also necessary to consider the two stage behaviour of the impacting vehicle, before and after the column is in contact with the vehicle engine. A method has been developed to implement these changes.

The social integration of international students has always been a much-discussed topic. As more and more students around the world choose to study or exchange abroad, help for the social integration of these international students is being improved. Schools, local and international students and other local student organisations as stakeholders all play different roles in this social integration issue. For schools, more international students help them to gain access to international resources and improve academic standards, thereby improving their international ranking and gaining access to more resources. It can also help local students to gain a broader perspective and improve the quality of local students. As a result, a growing number of initiatives and services are being implemented by schools and student organisations to help international students integrate into their new environment and society, such as buddy programmes, student orientation, new student guidelines and so on. However, not all of these measures and services are well implemented in all schools. This paper examines the different measures and services used to help new international students at Linnaeus University and the effectiveness of these measures for international students and finds that they are not effective in helping to address the problems and social integration of new international students. The designer, therefore, used design methods to analyse and redesign the current measures and services at Linnaeus University by pointing out the problems with the admissions guidelines and buddy program - provided by Linnaeus University and organised by the Student Union. The innovation of the solution is bringing together Linnaeus University and the Students' Union efforts on the social integration of international students. The resources of both parties are integrated to provide better assistance for the social integration of international students.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 22-25, 1984 / Riviera Hotel, Las Vegas, Nevada / Software for real-time (time critical) control applications has been shown in military and industry studies to be a very expensive type of software effort. This type of software is not typically addressed in discussions of software architecture design methods and techniques, therefore the software engineer is usually left with a sparse design “tool kit” when confronted with overall system design involving time critical and/or control problems. This paper outlines the successful application of data flow and transaction analysis design methods to achieve a structured yet flexible software architecture for a fairly complex antenna controller used in automatic tracking antenna systems. Interesting adaptations of, and variations on, techniques described in the literature are discussed; as are issues of modularity, coupling, morphology, global data handling, and evolution (maintenance). Both positive and negative aspects of this choice of design method are outlined, and the importance of a capable real-time executive and conditional compilation and assembly is stressed.

This thesis investigates design methods and phase models towards a reinterpretation of the design process towards a specific design task. The study reveals the essence of the process as a design process core, onto which may be built design process models to suit design tasks of diverse nature and scale.

China’s economy is growing. It has been said that “the question like ‘how to do business with Chinese people’ have occupied the minds of international business people who are planning to enter China.” (Fan & Zigang, 2004). Sweden as a country which listed China as its largest trading partner in Asia and a priority country in Sweden's export strategy, has a need to gain understanding about guanxi –an important concept in Chinese business culture. In this thesis, the author will present the development of three exercises inspired by design methods (role play, visualization and customer journey map) which aim to help Swedish business managers to learn guanxi in an experiential way. It includes the challenges the design team went through, how did they solve it and what are the latest version of the exercises looks like. The main challenges presented in this thesis are: how to embed specific knowledge smoothly into exercise; how to set up the role of facilitator(s); and how to increase the level of satisfaction for the users. Those challenges are not only specific to our project, but also could be inspirational for other people (e.g. designers, business culture scholars and so on) who want to create similar exercises or looking for new ways to deliver the knowledge about cross-cultural business communication.