Orientador: José Carlos Plácido da Silva / Banca: João Eduardo Guarnetti dos Santos / Banca: Júlio Carlos de Souza Van der Linden / Banca: Paulo Kawauchi / Banca: João Roberto Gomes de Faria / Resumo: Nas metodologias de design observamos a importância dos protótipos. Porém, constatamos que a sua utilização é deixada para as fases finais do projeto, o que limita a avaliação do design. O termo protótipo tem sido usado para designar uma versão final do projeto. Contudo, podemos tratá-los de uma forma mais ampla como: uma aproximação do produto, dos sistema ou de seus componentes, o que permite classificá-los em baixa, média e alta fidelidade. Ao considerarmos os protótipos como artefatos mediadores de informação e comunicação, poderemso utilizá-lo como ferramenta de gestão de design. O gerenciamento e comparação das informações sobre a funcionalidade, usabilidade e estética das alternativas permitem realizar uma seleção mais precisa. O propósito do protótipo, os estágios de utilização e a emergência de novas tecnologias de prototipagem e manufatura virtual e rápida, favorecem sua maior utilização e permitiram a criação de uma nova metodologia de design. Essa auxiliará os designers no desenvolvimento dos projetos, através da escolha do protótipo mais adequado a cada área, fase, estágio e propósito de design. Nesse sentido, nessa pesquisa, construímos e validamos uma metodologia denominada: "Metodologia de Design Mediada por protótipos". Metodologia essa que coloca o protótipo no centro do processo de Design criando um processo de design centrado nos protótipos / Abstract: We have observed in the methodologies of the importance of design prototypes. However, we not that its use is left to the final stages of the project, which limit the design evaluation. The term prototype has been used to designate a final version of the project. However, we can treat them more widely as an approximation of the product, system or its components, which can be classified as low, medium and high fidelity. When we consider the prototype artifacts as mediators of information and communication, we use it as a design management tool. The management and comparison of information on the functionality, usability and aesthetcs of alternative perfom a more precise selection. The purpose of the prototype stages of use and the emergence of new technologies and virtual prototyping and rapid manufacturing, encourage their greater use and allowed the creation of a new design methodology. This will assist designers in the development of projects by choosing the most appropriate to each area, stage, stage design and purpose of the prototype. Accordingly, in this research, we constructed and validated a methodology called "Design Methodology Mediated prototypes". methodology that puts this prototype in the center of the design process by creating a process-centered design in the prototypes / Doutor

As pontes de madeira com tabuleiro multicelular protendido são uma das mais recentes tecnologias usadas na construção das modernas pontes de madeira. Nesta tese é realizado o estudo teórico e experimental do comportamento estrutural destas pontes. Os principais métodos de cálculo são apresentados e discutidos. A investigação experimental foi realizada em dois modelos reduzidos em escala 1:3 com as mesmas dimensões externas mas diferente quantidade de nervuras. Os modelos foram ensaiados com diferentes posições de carregamento enquanto os deslocamentos, deformações e forças nas barras, eram monitorados. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que os modelos de Placa Ortotrópica Equivalente e Elementos Finitos podem ser empregados para o dimensionamento das pontes de madeira com tabuleiro multicelular protendido. O método de Viga Equivalente pode ser empregado desde que utilizado o correto Fator de Distribuição de Carga. Os estudos realizados neste trabalho, indicam a viabilidade da utilização deste sistema estrutural para pontes com vãos de 12 a 25 m / Timber bridges with multicellular prestressed decks is one of the most recent technology for modern timber bridges construction. In this thesis the theoretical and experimental study of the structural behavior of these bridges is accomplished. The main calculation methods are introduced and discussed. Two reduced models on scale 1:3, with the same external dimensions but different number of webs, were used for the experimental investigation. The models were tested with different load positions meanwhile displacements, strains and bar forces were measured. The obtained results have show that either model of Equivalent Orthotropic Plate or Finite Elements can be used for the design of this type of bridge. The Equivalent Beam model can also be employed as long as the correct Load Distribution Factor is chosen. The accomplished studies demostrate that this structural system is viable for bridges with span from 12 to 25 m

<p>    </p> <p>The first article presents a study that measured exhibit visitors' reported attitudes as measured by an early iteration of the attitudinal learning inventory (ALI) (Watson et al., 2018). The study, which was conducted at the Indiana State Fair and measured visitors’ self-reported attitude changes after visiting an exhibit about hellbender salamanders, found that 73% of survey respondents claimed they would change their behavior and 70% claimed they would tell others what they learned by visiting the exhibit. The second article presents a study that measured visitors' time spent at the exhibit to calculate holding power. Holding power was calculated by dividing the amount of time spent at the exhibit by the minimum amount of time it takes to read the text and interact with the exhibit. The holding power for the <em>What's Bugging Belva? </em>exhibit was favorable at .67 and is compared with exhibits with holding powers of .47 (Boisvert et al, 1995) and .69 (Peart, 1984). The third study gathered visitor data using the validated ALI and analyzed the data using the FREQ procedure (SAS 9.4). The study was conducted at the Indiana State Fair and Purdue Springfest and measured visitors’ responses to an exhibit about animal welfare. At both events, visitors had positive perceptions in the categories of cognitive and general learning, affective learning, behavioral learning, and social learning.  </p>

<p dir="ltr">Creativity is often discussed as the representation of the highest human creation. It is essential to human development, innovation, and societal progress. It has been conceptualized as essential in various disciplines, from engineering to design. However, due to its complexity, creativity has been approached differently by different authors in different disciplines.</p><p dir="ltr">Instructional design is the systematic process of creating learning experiences that are effective and appropriate. Limited research has been conducted to describe what creativity means in instructional design and how to include creativity in instructional design education, in addition to which learning techniques or activities use instructional designers that can foster creative thinking. This dissertation consists of three research studies that explore the meaning and perception of creativity in instructional design and instructional designers and how they include creativity in their everyday practice.</p><p dir="ltr">The first study of this dissertation examines the extent to which creativity has been intentionally addressed in instructional design core courses. This multiple case study examines the degree to which one online instructional design master's degree program and its course designers incorporate elements (intentionally or unintentionally) that could foster students' creativity and creative thinking. Results indicated that core courses included learning activities and instructional strategies with the potential to foster creativity. However, explicit references mentioning creativity or being creative were scarce.</p><p dir="ltr">The second study explores the perception of creativity and creativity in instructional design through the lens of six academic experts in the field of instructional design, using a phenomenographic approach. Results showed four distinctive categories of experiencing creativity and creativity in instructional design. These categories of descriptions formed an outcome space with two main approaches: “Understanding of Creativity,” in which 1) <i>Creativity is a human skill that requires intentionality, </i>and “Perceptions of Creativity in instructional design” where 2) <i>Creativity is a fundamental element in instructional design but is not acknowledged</i>, 3) <i>Creativity is related to the development of the designer's character </i>and, 4) <i>Creativity as a pedagogical and conceptual challenge to include ID education. </i>Additionally, participants discussed their approaches to including creativity in their teaching.</p><p dir="ltr">The third study used a participatory design approach to co-create what creativity means and looks like for instructional designers. Participants included instructional designers and faculty from instructional design programs. No single definition resulted from the activities; rather, multiple themes arose throughout, adding to what is known about instructional designers' competencies related to creativity and adding a new dimension to the research about creativity in the instructional design field. Findings evidence the need for instructional designers to acknowledge the creative process better rather than focus exclusively or primarily on processes and products. Additionally, it highlights the intricated relationship between creativity and instructional design and the importance of adding creativity into instructional design education, developing creative self-efficacy in instructional designers, and exploring the role of creative thinking in the work of instructional designers.</p><p dir="ltr">Taken together, these three qualitative studies explored and described creativity in instructional design in different phases. The results revealed that creativity is a complex concept for instructional designers to conceptualize and define. However, it is beneficial to discuss it in different contexts, such as academia and the workplace.</p>

abstract: The traditional analysis, design, develop, implement, and evaluate (ADDIE) model is inadequate for dealing with the instructional design requirements of today’s constantly evolving world. This reality is especially true at the National Simulation Center where medicine and technology are constantly changing. To provide the best care for the nation’s veterans, the educational products must too reflect the current state of medicine. The Agile ADDIE Framework was developed to overcome challenges such as a constantly changing domain, external threats to the development process, and the need for expedited timelines while still creating quality products. Using agile theory, including the agile manifesto, as a theoretical framework, the Agile ADDIE Framework was created. The Agile ADDIE Framework implements agile elements into the traditional ADDIE model, such as an iterate, assess, and align (IAA) cycle in an effort to increases in flexibility, quality, and efficiency. A mixed method action research project reviewed the impact that agile elements had on the ADDIE model at the National Simulation Center. The working group participants underwent biweekly meetings using scrum methodology. Data collection included pre- and post-intervention interviews, weekly structured reflections, focus groups that occurred throughout the development process, and a burndown log to track performance. Additionally, the course that was created using the Agile ADDIE Framework was compared to a product that was completed using the traditional ADDIE model by a panel of instructional designers. Participants identified that the Agile ADDIE Framework was able to create a higher-quality product in a shorter amount of time when compared to a training support package developed using the traditional ADDIE model. Several themes emerged from the data, including the Agile ADDIE Framework was perceived to be more flexible and engaging to subject matter experts. There was also a discussion involving lesson learned, limitations, and implications for both practice and the domains. Future research considerations include the implementation of the Agile ADDIE Framework in a more generalized study. This study presents a framework that enables traditional ADDIE model instructional design operations into an agile era. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Educational Leadership and Policy Studies 2020

Didactic proposals on modelling in mathematics education mostly give priority to models which describe, explain as well as partially forecast and provide mathematical solutions to real situations. A view of the modelling concept of informatics, which also initiates rapidly generalised deliberations of models, can also make a contribution to the spectrum of models, which are treated in a meaningful sense in mathematics lessons so as to expand some interesting aspects. In this paper, this is illustrated by means of conceptual design models – and, here, especially of process models – using the example of elevator organisation in a multi-storey construction.

Didactic proposals on modelling in mathematics education mostly give priority to models which describe, explain as well as partially forecast and provide mathematical solutions to real situations. A view of the modelling concept of informatics, which also initiates rapidly generalised deliberations of models, can also make a contribution to the spectrum of models, which are treated in a meaningful sense in mathematics lessons so as to expand some interesting aspects. In this paper, this is illustrated by means of conceptual design models – and, here, especially of process models – using the example of elevator organisation in a multi-storey construction.

This thesis addresses the problem of constructing 3D CAD models from 2D engineering drawings of the object. Procedures for each step in the popular bottom-up approach are described. In each of the steps in this approach, the capability is extended to handle classes of parts not handled by present art. These include auxiliary views, parts with curved entities that are inclined to all viewing directions, and views that result in non-manifold edges in the surface model. In addition this thesis also presents procedures to extract features from the solid model constructed so that the 3D model can be manipulated and modified within current CAD systems. In order to enable extracting the construction history, detecting symmetry in the part is essential. This thesis presents an algorithm to detect symmetry (both global and partial) in the part given the solid model of the part. Working of the procedures is illustrated using benchmark parts from the literature. The thesis concludes with a discussion on scope for further work.

Textilbewehrter Beton ist ein Verbundwerkstoff aus einer Feinbetonmatrix und einer kraftgerichteten textilen Bewehrung aus ARGlasfaser- oder Carbongelegen. Die heterogene Materialstruktur der textilen Bewehrung im Verbundbaustoff Textilbeton führt zu einem komplexen Tragverhalten mit einer Vielzahl sich zum Teil gegenseitig in ihrer Wirkung beeinflussender Effekte. Aufgrund der abweichenden Material- und Verbundeigenschaften können für die Bemessung von textilbewehrten Betonbauteilen die aus dem Stahlbetonbau bekannten Modelle nicht pauschal übertragen werden. In diesem Beitrag werden die wesentlichen Erkenntnisse experimenteller Untersuchungen von textilbewehrten Elementen unter Biege- und Querkraftbeanspruchung dargestellt, die Mechanismen des Tragverhaltens beschrieben und empirisch abgeleitete Berechnungsmodelle vorgestellt.

This dissertation investigates in which conditions the optimal configuration of an electric power network is a minimum length spanning tree, and in which conditions it is shortest path tree configuration. For this purpose the dissertation, it applies computational optimization mathematical models of an optimal local access network design problem. The focus of the study is the 13.8 kV spacer cable primary radial networks. Applied models seek for the balance betweenfixedcostsandvariablecosts.Savedvaluesfromanoptimalnetworkcouldbeapplied to increase the range of the network and people reached as well. The bibliographic research is compound by three parts: graph theory, local access network optimization models, and distribution network costs. Research methodology includes the choice of the distribution system, determination of fixed and variable costs, choice and implementation of the local access network optimization models, tests in hypothetical and realistic systems by using the CPLEX solver, analysis of the resulting configuration, and construction of graphics to facilitate the results evaluation. It was found that the relationship between fixed costs and variable costs influences the optimal configuration of the distribution network in such a way that a low value of the quotient between fixed costs and variable costs contributes to a shortest path tree. On the other hand, a high quotient between fixed costs and variable costs contributes to a minimum length spanning tree configuration. However, others parameters must be considered to determine the network configuration such as extension, arches demand and quantity of arches. / O presente trabalho visa investigar sob quais condições a configuração ótima de uma rede de distribuição elétrica é uma árvore geradora mínima (AGM) e sob quais é uma árvore de caminhos mínimos (ACM). Utilizando, para isso, modelos matemáticos computacionais de otimização topológica de redes de utilidade pública. As redes de distribuição estudadas foram do tipo aérea radial primária protegida (ARPP) com nível de tensão em 13,8 kV. Os modelos utilizados prezam pelo equilíbrio entre o custo de investimento inicial (fixo) e os custos decorrentes da transferência de energia elétrica (variável). Os valores economizados através de uma configuração ótima da rede podem ser convertidos em investimentos para aumentar o número de pessoas com acesso aos recursos energéticos com eficiência e qualidade. A revisão bibliográfica foi dividida em três partes: teoria dos grafos, modelos de otimização de redes de acesso local e custos de redes de distribuição. A metodologia utilizada compreendeu as seguintes etapas: escolha do tipo de sistema de distribuição, determinação dos custos fixo e variável, escolha e implementação (GAMS) dos modelos, testes com exemplos de redes usando o solver CPLEX, análise das configurações resultantes e elaboração de gráficos para facilitar a avaliação dos resultados. Os resultados mostraram que a relação entre o custo fixo β e o custo variável γ exerce influência determinante na configuração ótima de uma rede de distribuição ARPP. Um valor baixo de β/γ, favorece a ACM. Já valores elevados de β/γ, conduzem a solução para uma AGM. No entanto, essa relação não é o único fator que determina a configuração da rede, outros parâmetros como extensão, demanda dos nós e quantidade de possíveis arcos influenciam de forma significativa na solução apresentada.