This research study investigates the emerging representation of the brand Poland in the context of implementation of destination branding to the practice of country promotion. The main emphasis is put on the role of meaningful practices undertaken by international and domestic tourism managers and policy makers in constructing and reconstructing the representation of Poland in the broad context of the country‟s EU membership. The researcher does this by studying the examples of national and destination branding practices as well as the levels of understanding and appreciation of destination and national branding among people working in key organisations responsible for tourism and destination promotion both on the Polish domestic level and the level of relevant EU institutions. As national and destination branding is a relatively new phenomenon, specific focus is put on the critical analysis of the perceptions held about it among high ranking officials. The researcher pays particular attention to the power held by tourism in mediating identities of nations and destinations and the role that place branding plays or could play in this equation. The researcher focuses her study on two distinct but nevertheless connected locations: Brussels as a power and knowledge hub of the European Union and Warsaw as the power and knowledge hub of Poland. For reasons of methodological fit this interpretative study relies upon qualitative methods conducted via an emergent research design. Therefore the study is not driven by an up-front hypothesis, but is conducted via qualitative research bricoleurship approach. The research study concludes that although destination and national branding is universally familiar to the experts in the field of tourism and promotion, power holders and decision makers are lagging behind in understanding, appreciation and implementation of these new tools. This is particularly reflected in the case of Poland where first attempts at devising and implementing a national branding strategy were made but failed to be implemented due to budgetary and decision-making constraints at the level of power-holders. A striking conclusion is that in the case of Poland, the main causes of this lack of implementation of a national branding strategy are the very values and virtues that such a strategy might seem to promote. Nevertheless, the researcher observes a growing understanding and appreciation of the long-term benefits of a well designed and implemented branding strategy and its potentially great impact on tourism among the relevant decision-makers both in Brussels and in Poland.

Syfte – Vårt syfte är att skapa en förståelse för hur professionella konsultföretags varumärkesprocesser går till, när de jobbar för att skapa en attraktiv image för potentiella besökare på platser och destinationer. Vi har vidare undersökt vad konsulterna anser vara viktigt i platsvarumärkesprocessen. Metod – Studien har haft en kvalitativ metod, med en induktiv förklarings- och förståelseansats. Vi har genomfört öppet riktade intervjuer med sex platsvarumärkeskonsulter där respondenterna fick svara fritt utifrån en bred fråga. Teori – Teorikapitlet grundar sig på en modell framtagen av Moilainen och Rainisto som beskriver platsvarumärkesprocessen i fem steg. Modellen beskriver hur en arbetsgång kan se ut när en plats eller destination vill förändra sitt varumärke. Vi använder oss också av en mängd andra referenser i teorikapitlet. Resultat – Resultaten av studien pekar på att arbetsgången konsulterna sinsemellan och gentemot teorin liknar varandra. Respondenterna identifierar intressenterna, gör en omfattande analys och utifrån detta så skapas en varumärkesidentitet, precis som teorin pekar på. De betonar att ingen äger platsvarumärket och att det gör platsen speciell ur en varumärkesaspekt. Utifrån studien ser vi att det finns åtminstone tre gemensamma nämnare som respondenterna tar hänsyn till: Platsvarumärkets komplexitet, identifiera destinationens intressenter och slutligen att skapa engagemang.

The intent of this research was to identify the effectiveness of a destination brand as determined by international tourists visiting the destination. The Caribbean can be viewed as a homogeneous region to many individuals seeking sun, sand, and sea; therefore, product differentiation is essential. Destination branding represents and distinguishes a country among competing nations. This concurrent mixed methods study set forth to investigate the effectiveness of the Saint Lucia destination brand. The following objectives underlie this research: i) to explore how the current destination brand was chosen, ii) to evaluate tourists’ perceptions and images of the destination, iii) to explore the relationship between tourists’ perceptions and destination choice, and iv) to evaluate the extent to which the destination brand influenced destination choice. The research findings indicate a lack of awareness concerning the new destination brand. A lack of brand communication and insufficient exposure has been detrimental to the overall success of the destination brand. A conceptual model for the development process of a destination brand was suggested to enhance destination brand effectiveness. The six essential stages include market research, destination image, targeting and positioning, brand identity, communication of the brand, and continuous monitoring and evaluation throughout. It is recommended to engage in monitoring and improvement initiatives of the brand to better gauge its effectiveness; to enhance exposure of the brand through effective niche marketing initiatives that showcase the diversity and unique attributes of Saint Lucia; and finally, to work towards transforming the destination brand into a national brand.

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During the spring semester of 2018 the authors of this bachelor thesis, in tourism sciences, have studied the subject of destination brand identity. In order to study the matter, two highly competitve island destinations in Thailand (Koh Tao & Phi Phi) were identified as subjects for further research. Contributing factors in the context of brand identity were then applied and studied separately on both destinations, in order to identify the factors of importance.  The aim of this study is to identify competitive island destinations in the competitive tourism region of Thailand and, from a visitor perspective, determine what factors in destination branding that are important to differentiate and create an identity on the market. To conduct the study several methodological approaches were carefully chosen to collect empirical data. The collected data were then analyzed based on a theoretical framework. The primary method used in this study has it’s origins in a quantitative approach, where most of the data got collected from two surveys. Purpose of this study suggests it derives from a visitor perspective, thus respondents of the surveys have all visited the chosen subject(s) and/or at least one other island destination in Thailand. Results of the study highlights Koh Tao and Phi Phi as competitive island destinations in a busy tourism region and that factors, within the concept of destination brand identity, is necessary to differentiate destinations and their unique characteristics. The results have also contributed to increased understanding of visitors and their views on the destinations seperate brand identities.

The main purpose of this study was to develop a destination branding and positioning framework, with particular reference to the Zimbabwean experience. The theoretical underpinnings and concepts used in this study were destination marketing, destination branding and positioning, image and destination competitiveness. To provide a strategic context to the study, branding as a key element of destination marketing was clarified; the strategic role of branding /re-branding in the positioning/repositioning of a destination was outlined; international trends and best practices in branding and positioning were evaluated; and the destination marketing situation in Zimbabwe, with particular emphasis on the status of branding and positioning, was determined. To determine key stakeholder attitudes, experiences and expectations regarding the branding and positioning of Zimbabwe as a tourism destination, a stakeholder survey was carried out during 2006 and 2007. Stakeholder groups included in the survey were key industry representative bodies, national tourism authorities, publicity associations, tour operators and airlines flying into Zimbabwe. The study concludes that the concept of branding has varied interpretations in destination marketing. While branding can be used as a strategic tool to reposition a destination, the study notes that there are a number of non-tourism factors which can erode brand equity rendering a destination brand obsolete. It observes that unless and until these non-tourism factors are addressed the destination brand may not perform optimally. Any destination that needs to re-brand has to deal with the image issues before any meaningful re-branding activities can take place. The consistent use of well focused promotional and public diplomacy strategies as well as proactive crisis management should be used to pull the destination from its negative equity. A key outcome of the study is a strategic framework for branding and positioning a destination in crisis. It sets out guidelines for the stakeholders on how to implement the branding process. In addition, the framework adds value to destination marketing since it can be applied as a frame of reference in understanding the complexities of destination branding. While the framework has been developed in a Zimbabwean context, it can be applied to other destinations which have a need to brand or re-brand. An integrated marketing and communication strategy is recommended since branding alone may not yield positive results under a crisis situation. At the same time the destination needs to address political and economic issues, design strategies that can bring together all the stakeholders, while encouraging alliances and joint ventures among tourism operators. The study contributes to the existing body of knowledge regarding destination marketing, particularly destination branding. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Tourism Management / unrestricted