Purpose: This degree project aims to see how the energy demand from active heating of detached houses can be improved to meet the energy performance requirements set for nearly zero-energy buildings by Boverket (The Swedish National Board of Housing, Building and Planning). Method: To accomplish this, the benefits from two different energy-saving installations are studied: bedrock heat pumps and heat exchangers in Heat Recovery Ventilation Systems (HRV-systems). These are then compared in a new and an older detached house with very different heat losses. There are several reports of energy-saving systems in detached houses. What distinguishes this work is that it compares the specific results from the added energy-saving system depending on whether it was added first or last. The older detached house is an important part of this work as it represents a possible impact on parts of the existing housing stock with a similar technical standard. The energy balance for the buildings is calculated monthly with all contributions from passive heat considered, and with the energy demand for active heating as the main result. Results: It is very difficult to meet the energy performance requirements for an older detached house without extensive measures or renovations. The HRV-system had a low to very low impact. Both types of detached houses have a lot to gain from an investment in bedrock heating, especially the older one that has high energy demands. However, the new detached house with a higher technical standard in the building envelope, was the only one to meet the energy requirements with the bedrock heat pump on its own. Conclusion: Bedrock heating can be a very profitable investment as it provides heat both for the active heating of the building as well as for the domestic hot water. In order to meet tougher energy requirements, the bedrock heat pump may need to be accompanied by an improved and more energy-efficient building envelope and the supply of self-produced electricity, such as solar cells. HRV-systems require a good air tightness and an energy-efficient building envelope to be profitable. In older detached houses, it is not a profitable investment, as it does not have sufficiently large proportions of controlled ventilation to work with. In newer houses the proportion of controlled ventilation is bigger, but the amount of heat loss that can be affected is still not as big as the energy savings a bedrock heat pump can bring.

La conception de chambres de combustion aéronautiques requiert un compromis entre les différents phénomènes physiques présents, comme les interactions entre la flamme et la turbulence, les pertes thermiques, la dynamique de flamme ou l'évaporation du carburant et son mélange. De nombreux outils numériques existent dans la littérature pour prédire ce genre d'écoulements réactifs turbulents. Les modèles de turbulence instationnaires, par exemple LES (Large Eddy Simulation), sont un excellent compromis pour la prédiction du mélange dans des configurations réalistes. L'approche de chimie tabulée représente un équilibre attrayant entre coût de calcul et précision pour la prédiction de structure de flamme. Dans cette thèse, des modèles de turbulence avancés et de chimie tabulée sont appliqués à des configurations complexes afin d'évaluer leur capacité à prédire la structure de flammes turbulentes. La prédiction de la FDF (Flame Describing Function) par le modèle F-TACLES (Filtered TAbulated Chemistry for Large Eddy Simulations) est comparé à des données expérimentales pour une flamme swirlée, prémélangée et non-adiabatique. La FDF est bien prédite pour une large plage de fréquences et deux niveaux de fluctuations de vitesse. L'origine des différences est analysée. La première application du modèle F-TACLES à un brûleur diphasique est proposée. Le brûleur choisi est la flamme jet diphasique KIAI, récemment étudié au CORIA. Une comparaison détaillée avec l'expérience est faite et montre que F-TACLES est capable de prédire la bonne forme de flamme. Le modèle ZDES (Zonal Detached Eddy Simulation) est étudié dans la configuration TLC, un injecteur aéronautique réaliste. En non-réactif, la ZDES est validée par rapport aux mesures de vitesse expérimentales et comparée à des résultats de LES. En conditions réactives, la prédiction des profils de température dans la chambre de combustion est grandement améliorée en ZDES. / The design of aeronautical combustion chambers requires a precise balance between the different physical phenomena involved, such as flame-turbulence interaction, heat losses, flame dynamics or fuel evaporation and mixing. Numerous numerical tools exist in the literature to predict these kinds of turbulent reacting flows. The unsteady turbulence models, for example LES (Large Eddy Simulation), represent an excellent compromise for the prediction of the mixing in realistic configurations. The tabulated chemistry approach is an attractive trade-off between computation cost and accuracy for predicting the structure of flames. In this thesis, advanced turbulence and tabulated chemistry models are applied to complex configurations in order to assess their ability to predict the structure of turbulent flames. The prediction of the FDF (Flame Describing Function) by the F-TACLES (Filtered TAbulated Chemistry for Large Eddy Simulations) model is compared to experimental data for a non-adiabatic premixed swirled flame. The FDF is well predicted for a wide range of frequencies and two velocity fluctuation levels. The origin of the discrepancies is analyzed. The first application of the F-TACLES model in a two-phase burner is proposed. The chosen burner is the KIAI spray jet flame, recently studied at CORIA. A detailed comparison with the experiments is performed and shows that F-TACLES is able to predict the correct flame shape. The ZDES (Zonal Detached Eddy Simulation) model is studied in a realistic aeronautical injector, the TLC configuration. In cold conditions, the ZDES is validated against velocity measurements and compared to LES results. In reacting conditions, the prediction of temperature profiles in the combustion chamber is greatly improved in the ZDES.

Low Impact Development (LID) is a sustainable stormwater management approach that aims to control runoff close to its source, mimicking the natural hydrological processes such as infiltration and storage. It is being adopted by many cities, where its implementation is rapidly evolving. The LID practices are small-scale measures; therefore, they need to be widely implemented to impact significantly. The selection of LIDs depends on the land use and characteristics of the area of interest. This study focuses on residential LIDs. First, a systematic and bibliometric literature review is conducted on the residential LIDs articles published up to the year 2020; a total of 94 papers were found in the Web of Science. This review resulted that LID implementation in residential areas still needs to be investigated. To assist the City, engineers, and policy-makers in implementing the suitable LIDs for detached houses, a multi-criteria decision analysis framework incorporating a hydrological model is developed in this study. The commonly used LIDs were identified, which are rain gardens, permeable pavement, rain barrels, soakaways. Seven criteria were selected – runoff depth reduction rate, peak runoff reduction rate, installation cost, maintenance cost, retrofit cost, life cycle, and aesthetical view. For the properties of the single-detached house and LIDs, the standards of Credit Valley Conservation (CVC) and Toronto and Region Conservation Authority (TRCA) were followed. The proposed decision-making framework also was applied to a case study. This framework is still in the preliminary stage, thus holds the potential to convert into a tool that will be handy enough for the homeowners and consume less time. / Thesis / Master of Applied Science (MASc)

The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the impact that the energy performance certificate rating and the energy consumption has on the transaction price on detached housing in Sweden during 2023. Additionally, the thesis researches whether there is a regional disparity in the premium based on municipality size and if the premium varies depending on which energy zone the dwelling is located in. To answer these questions a quantitative method with a hedonic pricing model was used with transactions from the entirety of Sweden. To capture the effect of the energy premia three models were constructed including locational and individual traits of the dwellings. The first model compares the housing with A-C rating to those with D-G. The second model tested every rating against the omitted D rating. Finally, the third model tested for energy consumptions impact on transaction price of housing. These models were then also tested to see if there was a regional disparity using SKR’s definition on municipality size and if the energy zones in Sweden impacted the premium. The results of the study indicate the existence of a premium for energy efficient housing, a price increase of 12,3% for housing with an energy rating of A-C on the national level. The study also finds an existence of a regional disparity in the premium, with the smallest municipalities having the highest premiums. Lastly, it’s found that the highest premium for green buildings when measuring on energy zones is found in the northern regions of Sweden. / Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka vilken inverkan energideklarationer och energiförbrukning har på transaktionspriset för villor i Sverige under 2023. Dessutom undersöker uppsatsen om det finns regionala skillnader i en eventuell prispremie baserat på kommunstorlek och om premien varierar beroende på vilken energi-zon bostaden är belägen i. För att besvara dessa frågor användes en kvantitativ metod med en hedonisk prismodell som appliceras på data med transaktioner i hela Sverige. För att mäta effekten av en möjlig prispremie konstruerades tre modeller som inkluderade lokala och individuella egenskaper hos bostäderna. Den första modellen jämför bostäder med A-C betyg med de med D-G betyg. Den andra modellen testade varje betyg mot det uteslutna D-betyget. Slutligen testade den tredje modellen energiförbrukningens inverkan på transaktionspriset för bostäder. Dessa modeller testades sedan också för att se om det fanns regionala skillnader med hjälp av SKR:s definition på kommunstorlek och om elområdet som huset finns i påverkade premien. Resultaten av studien indikerar existensen av en premie för energieffektiva bostäder, en prisökning på 12,3% för bostäder med ett energibetyg på A-C på nationell nivå. Studien finner också att det finns en regional skillnad i premien, med de minsta kommunerna som har de högsta premierna. Slutligen fanns det att den högsta prispremie för byggnader, när man mäter vid energizoner, finns i de norra regionerna av Sverige.

The subject of the diploma thesis is the solution of chosen parts of the construction technology project of the 1st phase of the construction „Komplex RD Slavkov, Pod Zlatou horou“. These are 4 semi-detached houses, overall 8 family houses. The work deals with technological regulations for the superstructure including roof, study of the realization of the construction technology project, design of the main construction machines and mechanisms and control and test plan. For the whole construction is elaborated time and financial plan in two variants, namely the gradual and current method of construction, and a detailed schedule for one semi-detached house. The technical report of the building site equipment is completed with the drawings, itemized budget of the building part of the house, noise study and specialization focused on the photovoltaic system, with an alternative solution to use solar collectors. The thesis also includes a case study of construction methods focused on the gradual and current method of construction.

L’industrie automobile fournie de plus en plus d’effort pour optimiser l’aérodynamique externe des véhicules afin de réduire son empreinte écologique. Dans ce cadre, l’objectif de ce projet est d’examiner les structures tourbillonnaires responsables de la dégradation de traînée et de proposer une solution de contrôle actif permettant d’améliorer l’efficacité aérodynamique d’un véhicule SUV. Après une étude expérimentale de la maquette POSUV échelle réduite, une analyse modale croisée permet d’identifier les structures périodiques corrélées de l’écoulement qui pilotent la dépression sur le hayon. Une solution de contrôle optimale par jets pulsés sur le parechoc arrière, est obtenue avec un algorithme génétique. Celle-ci permet de réduire la dépression du hayon de 20% et l’analyse croisée des résultats instationnaires avec contrôle montre un changement significatif de la distribution spectrale. Après deux études préliminaires sur la rampe inclinée à 25° et sur le Corps d’Ahmed à 47°, la simulation de POSUV à partir d’un solveur LES, en éléments finis, est validé par rapport aux résultats expérimentaux. L’approfondissement des résultats 3D permet de comprendre les pertes aérodynamiques. La simulation de l’écoulement contrôlé permet également d’identifier les mécanismes du contrôle d’écoulements. / The automotive industry dedicates a lot of effort to improve the aerodynamical performances of road vehicles in order to reduce its carbon footprint. In this context, the target of the present work is to analyze the origin of aerodynamic losses on a reduced scale generic Sport Utility Vehicle and to achieve a drag reduction using an active flow control strategy. After an experimental characterization of the flow past the POSUV, a cross-modal DMD analysis is used to identify the correlated periodical features responsible for the tailgate pressure loss. Thanks to a genetic algorithm procedure, 20% gain on the tailgate pressure is obtained with optimal pulsed blowing jets on the rear bumper. The same cross-modal methodology allows to improve our understanding of the actuation mechanism. After a preliminary study of the 25° inclined ramp and of the Ahmed Body computations, the numerical simulation of the POSUV is corroborated with experiments using the cross-modal method. Deeper investigations on the three-dimensional flow characteristics explain more accurately the wake flow behavior. Finally, the controlled flow simulations propose additional insights on the actuation mechanisms allowing to reduce the aerodynamic losses.

This master thesis describes a detached house, requirements for the detached house, price, technical-economic index and card of cost indicator. The author performed an analysis of selected houses and itemized budgets of selected houses. Different shapes, technologies and solutions of materials are included in the analysis. The author, from the analysis, inferred the behavior of technical-economic index (TEI) of detached houses. The author described behavior in the particular and sub models. The author suggested methodology of calculation of the price data, the spatial data and the structure of price TEICF2 (technical-economic index, complex formula, version 2) of planned detached house. The author founded his methodology on particular and sub models. The principle of methodology TEICF2 consists in the analogy of the planned detached house with the model with same parameters. The author implemented TEICF2 into application dyCBI. Application dyCBI is working on Microsoft Excel.

The master´s thesis "Multifunctional house" is in form of project documentation containing all appropriateness in accordance with valid regulations. The house is designed as a detached house and with a cellar. The house is rectangular dimension, with a flat vegetation roof. The house has four floors with balconies and terraces. The house has 10 housing units and 2 offices. On the first floor is the technical room, 2 flats and two offices. In the house is projected a lift. The house is made of brick system with a contact insulated system.

This thesis is focusing on market value and cost price of a real estate. The difference between the above-mentioned market value and cost price in relation to a specific real estate is emphasized. To regard and evaluate this difference a database of real estates was needed to be established. Building plots in the region of Opava with a planned construction of a detached house were chosen to establish this database. In all cases, the cost price of the structure and the future market value of the building plot with a completed building of the detached house was known. Based on the database, the main impact of each characteristic of the structure and the building plot on the difference in market value and cost price of particular real estates is evaluated in the main part of this thesis. In it’s last part this thesis comes to the application of ascertained conclusions on the problematic of municipalities management with municipal real estates in the most economical effective way.

This Master's thesis "Multi-function building" deals with a project of new multi-function building. It is in a stage of project documentation. An object is design as a detached house. The house is slab-on-ground with four stories. In the object are designed 8 flats with 7 garages. In the first story is situated a wellness centre and an office. The roof is flat, projected as single-skin. A carrier system is made from sacrificial formwork system. A construction of a ceiling is projected as ribbed floor. Windows and entering doors are plastic, interior doors are wooden. A part of work is a specialization from a branch concrete structures.