O objetivo do presente trabalho foi o de estabelecer uma análise do discurso da Saúde Pública sobre a adolescente grávida no período de 1930 a 1989. Para tanto, foi apresentado, em primeiro lugar, o exame do contexto conceitual e dos determinantes da noção de adolescência. Em seguida, foi definido o perfil do discurso da Saúde Pública sobre a adolescente grávida através da identificação de suas diferentes temáticas. A idéia básica que orientou tal investigação foi derivada do entendimento de que os enunciados do discurso comportam uma dimensão condicionante que, embora implícita, é sucetível de apreensão e identificação, tanto no plano de seus conteúdos como no de sua organização. Uma vez evidenciados os principais aspectos do discurso da Saúde Púhlica sobre a adolescente grávida, discutiu-se, finalmente, seus limites e as alternativas a ele oferecidas. / The aim of this study was to establish an analysis of Public Health\'s discourse on pregnant adolescents from 1930 to 1989. The conceptual context as well as the main determinants of the concept of adolescent were innitially examined. Further, a profile of Public Health\'s discourse in relation to this question was defined through the identification of different themes envolving pregnant adolescents. The basic idea that has directed this investigation was derived from the understanding that discourse\'s stataments have a conditioning dimension. Such dimension, although implicit, can be aprehended and identified both in its contents and in its organization. Once classified the main aspects of Public Health\'s discourse about the pregnant adolescent, its limits and altematives were discussed.

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi o de estabelecer uma análise do discurso da Saúde Pública sobre a adolescente grávida no período de 1930 a 1989. Para tanto, foi apresentado, em primeiro lugar, o exame do contexto conceitual e dos determinantes da noção de adolescência. Em seguida, foi definido o perfil do discurso da Saúde Pública sobre a adolescente grávida através da identificação de suas diferentes temáticas. A idéia básica que orientou tal investigação foi derivada do entendimento de que os enunciados do discurso comportam uma dimensão condicionante que, embora implícita, é sucetível de apreensão e identificação, tanto no plano de seus conteúdos como no de sua organização. Uma vez evidenciados os principais aspectos do discurso da Saúde Púhlica sobre a adolescente grávida, discutiu-se, finalmente, seus limites e as alternativas a ele oferecidas. / The aim of this study was to establish an analysis of Public Health\'s discourse on pregnant adolescents from 1930 to 1989. The conceptual context as well as the main determinants of the concept of adolescent were innitially examined. Further, a profile of Public Health\'s discourse in relation to this question was defined through the identification of different themes envolving pregnant adolescents. The basic idea that has directed this investigation was derived from the understanding that discourse\'s stataments have a conditioning dimension. Such dimension, although implicit, can be aprehended and identified both in its contents and in its organization. Once classified the main aspects of Public Health\'s discourse about the pregnant adolescent, its limits and altematives were discussed.

This thesis investigates the factors that influence the locational choices of foreign firms investing in China and the factors that influence the level of intermediate goods produced by domestic suppliers in China. It finds that some characteristics of the domestic economy are associated with both, and that foreign enterprises? activities are particularly important in determining the output of domestic suppliers. / PhD Doctorate

This study aims to examine the characteristics of ABC in Thailand and to compare the important aspects of ABC in Thailand, as a developing country, to those in the UK, the US and Australia, as developed countries. A mail questionnaire survey was considered an appropriate method for this study. The sample was randomly selected from the directory of manufacturing firms of the Ministry of Industry of Thailand (1,000 firms). 219 questionnaires were returned, generating a 21.9% response rate.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references.

nÃo hà / A presente pesquisa tem por finalidade identificar se as empresas de informÃtica do estado do Cearà que utilizam metodologia de planejamento estratÃgico conseguem desenvolvimento e crescimento a partir da execuÃÃo da metodologia. As empresas de informÃtica estudadas nesta pesquisa sÃo de diversos segmentos de informÃtica. O setor de informÃtica foi escolhido em funÃÃo do mesmo estar organizado em entidade associativa representada pelo Instituto Titan, que tem a caracterÃstica de incorporar em sua dinÃmica princÃpios que buscam conquistar vantagens competitivas no mercado mediante relaÃÃes cooperativas entre empresas. AlÃm disto, foi levada em conta tambÃm a proximidade do setor com informaÃÃes e dados que sÃo necessÃrios à execuÃÃo do planejamento estratÃgico. A abrangÃncia do setor de informÃtica ao estado do Cearà foi motivada pelo polo tecnolÃgico existente na regiÃo e que permite acesso à pesquisa de campo. O objetivo geral da pesquisa foi identificar se as empresas de informÃtica do estado do Cearà que utilizam metodologia de planejamento estratÃgico conseguem desenvolvimento e crescimento a partir de sua execuÃÃo. Como objetivo especÃfico, a pesquisa buscou identificar o grau de alcance que as estratÃgias definidas pelas empresas da amostra, e de que forma contribuem para atingirem seus objetivos estratÃgicos definidos dentro de seus planejamentos estratÃgicos. O estudo tambÃm teve como objetivo especÃfico avaliar a existÃncia de algum aspecto de desenvolvimento e crescimento das empresas nÃo atrelado diretamente à execuÃÃo de planejamento estratÃgico. A metodologia de pesquisa foi de natureza qualitativa e descritiva aplicada atravÃs de pesquisa survey publicada em web site e direcionada Ãs empresas participantes do campo de estudo. Os resultados indicam que as empresas de informÃtica do estado do Cearà conseguem desenvolvimento e crescimento a partir da execuÃÃo de planejamento estratÃgico. Quanto à existÃncia de algum aspecto de desenvolvimento e crescimento nÃo atrelado diretamente à execuÃÃo de planejamento estratÃgico nas empresas de informÃtica do estado do CearÃ, a pesquisa registra a existÃncia dos mesmos, sem, no entanto, registrar quais sÃo. Esta conclusÃo foi possÃvel ao serem analisados os resultados da pesquisa atravÃs de blocos de informaÃÃes. Ainda atravÃs das informaÃÃes disponibilizadas a partir da pesquisa, foi possÃvel identificar como barreiras de 6 execuÃÃo de planejamento estratÃgico a motivaÃÃo de colaboradores e aspectos culturais. Foi possÃvel identificar ainda a existÃncia de aspectos que impedem a execuÃÃo de planejamento estratÃgico, os quais chamados de assassinos do planejamento estratÃgico, dentre eles: gestÃo ineficaz e baixo desenvolvimento de habilidades de lideranÃa. O estudo permitiu confirmar que o planejamento estratÃgico nas empresas pesquisadas proporciona maior desenvolvimento e crescimento, que efetivamente conseguem responder positivamente que houve desenvolvimento e crescimento com o uso de metodologia de planejamento estratÃgico, e que a metodologia do planejamento estratÃgico à ponto crucial para a geraÃÃo de desenvolvimento e crescimento em empresas de informÃtica do estado do CearÃ. / This research aims to identify whether the computer companies of State of Cearà using strategic planning methodology can development and growth from the implementation of the methodology. The companies information technology studied in this research are from different computer segments. The information technology sector was chosen because of it being organized associative entity represented by Titan Institute, which has the characteristic incorporate into its dynamic principles that seek to gain advantages competitive in the market through cooperative relations between companies. Beyond this was taken into account also the proximity of the sector with information and data which are necessary to implement the strategic plan. The scope of computer industry to the state of Cearà was motivated by the existing pole in the region and that allows access to field research. The overall objective of the research was to identify whether the state of Ceara computer companies using strategic planning methodology can and development growth from its execution. As a specific goal, the research sought identify the degree of application to the strategies defined by companies sample, and how they contribute to achieving its strategic objectives defined in its strategic planning. The study also had the specific objective of evaluating the existence of some aspect of development and growth of enterprises not directly linked to the execution planning strategic. The research methodology was qualitative and descriptive nature applied through survey research published on web site and directed to companies participating in the field of study. The results indicate that the IT companies in the state of Ceara and manage development growth from strategic planning to execution. The existence some aspect of development and growth not tied directly to the strategic planning run in the computer companies of the State Cearà search records the existence thereof, without, however, registering which are. This conclusion was possible for the results to be analyzed Search through information blocks. Even through the information available from the research, were identified as barriers 6 strategic planning run the motivation of employees and aspects cultural. It was also possible to identify the existence of aspects that hinder strategic planning run, which called killers strategic planning, including: ineffective management and low development leadership skills. The study confirmed that planning strategic in the companies surveyed provide further development and growth, which can effectively respond positively there was development and growth through the use of planning methodology strategic, and that the methodology of strategic planning is crucial point for generation of development and growth in state computer companies Ceara.

Esta tese analisa os fatores determinantes do investimento e seus efeitos sobre o crescimento econômico das nações, em geral, e do Brasil, em particular. O foco da discussão na acumulação de capital decorre do fato de que 2/3 do crescimento econômico brasileiro foi devido a esse processo. Para avaliar a questão, a tese combina três abordagens complementares: a visão teórica, a avaliação histórica e a análise econométrica. O trabalho está dividido em duas partes: a primeira trata dos determinantes teóricos do investimento e faz a análise econométrica com dados internacionais. A segunda traz a análise do crédito e do investimento no Brasil, reunindo as abordagens histórica e econométrica. A visão teórica fundamenta a análise e define as variáveis-chave que afetam o investimento: juros, crédito de longo prazo, retorno do capital e preço dos ativos. Parte-se da visão de que as mudanças institucionais afetam o investimento porque buscam preservar o retorno dos investidores e dos bancos. A análise econométrica avalia o comportamento dos investimentos em três níveis: macroeconômico internacional, macroeconômico brasileiro e setorial brasileiro. A análise internacional considera um painel com dados de 39 economias entre 1995 e 2011. São utilizadas as técnicas de cointegração em painel conforme as metodologias de Kao (1999) e Pedroni (1999, 2004). A avaliação econométrica do agregado da economia brasileira é feita com dados anuais entre 1953 e 2013 e utiliza as técnicas de cointegração de Johansen (1995) e de Gregory e Hansen (1996), para avaliar a possibilidade de quebras estruturais. A análise desagregada é feita com base em dados de 31 setores de atividade econômica entre 1995 e 2009 e nas técnicas de cointegração em painel. Os resultados das avaliações econométricas de painel (internacional e setorial) mostram relações estáveis e positivas entre investimento, crédito e retorno do capital, e relações negativas entre investimento, taxa de juros de longo prazo e taxa real de câmbio, corroborando os princípios teóricos. Os resultados para o agregado da economia brasileira (séries de tempo) confirmam haver relações estáveis e positivas entre investimento, crédito e retorno do capital, mesmo na presença de quebra estrutural. A abordagem histórica analisa a constituição dos mecanismos de financiamento ao investimento no Brasil e suas principais alterações ao longo da história. São avaliados os papéis do crédito hipotecário, do mercado acionário, da implantação do Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econômico (BNDE) e do Banco Nacional da Habitação (BNH) e das reformas institucionais dos anos 1960. Também são descritas as principais mudanças institucionais ocorridas nas décadas de 1990, 2000 e 2010. A interpretação histórica do contexto institucional brasileiro e os resultados das análises econométricas sugerem que as mudanças institucionais ocorridas ao longo da história econômica do país foram fundamentais para a retomada do crédito de longo prazo na economia. Elas também contribuíram para amenizar a queda do retorno do capital. / This doctoral dissertation analyzes the determining investment factors and their effects on economic growth of the nations in general and on Brazil in particular. This discussion focuses especially on capital accumulation because this process has accounted for two thirds of Brazilian economic growth. To investigate this question, this study combines three complementary approaches: a theoretical vision, a historical assessment, and an econometric analysis. The dissertation is divided into two parts. The first discusses the theoretical determining factors of investment and presents an econometric analysis using international data. The second analyzes credit and investment in Brazil, combining historical and econometric approaches. The theoretical overview provides a basis for the analysis and defines the key variables that influence investment: interest rates, longterm credit, return of capital, and the price of assets. This investigation is based on the premise that institutional changes affect investment because they attempt to preserve the return of both investors and banks. The econometric analysis evaluates the behavior of investment on three levels: international macroeconomic, Brazilian macroeconomic, and Brazilian industries. The international analysis considers a panel of 39 economies containing data from 1995 to 2011. This study employed panel cointegration techniques based on the methods described by Kao (1999) and Pedroni (1999, 2004). The econometric evaluation of the aggregate of the Brazilian economy uses annual data from 1953 to 2013 and cointegration techniques described by Johansen (1995) and by Gregory and Hansen (1996), to assess the possibility of structural changes. The disaggregated analysis uses data from 31 economic industries, from 1995 to 2009, and panel cointegration techniques. The results of the panel econometric evaluations (international and sector) show stable and positive relations between investment, credit and return of capital, and negative relations between investment, long-term interest rate, and real exchange rate, confirming the theoretical principles. The results for the aggregate of the Brazilian economy (time series) confirm positive and stable relations between investment, credit, and return of capital, even when there is a structural change. The historical overview investigates the creation of investment financing mechanisms in Brazil and how they have changed over time. This dissertation analyzes mortgage securities, equity market, the establishment of the National Economic Development Bank (BNDE) and the National Housing Bank (BNH), and the institutional reforms of the 1960s. It also describes the main institutional changes of the 1990s, 2000s and 2010s. The historical interpretation of the Brazilian institutional setting and the findings of the econometric analyses suggest that the institutional changes that have taken place over Brazil\'s economic history were essential in making long-term credit again available in the economy. They have also helped to minimize the decreasing trends in the returns of capital.

This thesis investigates the impact of financial liberalisation policies on finance-growth relationship and financial crises. Analysis of recent trends and economic performance of financially developed and stable economies raises at least two very important questions that seem to have strong analytical connections. The first question is associated with the link between financial development and economic growth and the second question focuses the possible association between the policies of financial liberalisation and financial vulnerability. In this thesis we aim to shed light on some of the aspects that have gained so much attention from academics and policy makers during the last two decades. First we address whether excessive liberalisation has caused financial development to lose its effectiveness in generating economic growth. We employ a dynamic panel data analysis for 88 countries over the period of 1973 to 2005. Our index for the financial sector liberalisation covers seven aspects: credit controls and reserve requirements, interest rate controls, entry barriers, state ownership, policies on securities markets, banking regulations and restrictions on capital market. We use a comprehensive financial development indicator constructed through principal component analysis of five different indicators: bank private credit to GDP ratio, liquid liability to GDP ratio, deposit money bank assets to total bank assets ratio, deposit money bank assets to GDP ratio, and bank credit to bank deposit ratio. The results indicate that the positive effect of financial development on long-run growth continues to decline as the financial sector becomes more liberalised. Our results are robust to changes in the financial development indicators and the dis-aggregation of the financial liberalisation index. Second, we examine the possibility for an optimal sequence of financial sector reforms that may reduce an economy’s vulnerability to financial crises. We construct a distance measure from the countries that followed a more gradual approach and liberalised their capital account at a later stage. Our analysis shows that the experience of the countries that delayed or followed a very gradual approach for the liberalisation of their capital accounts have high level of implications to those countries that allowed for shock approach or liberalised their capital account before bringing reforms in other sectors.

Foreign Banks and Financial Development - Foreign Bank Lending in CEE Countries Master thesis Anja Köthe Abstract The objective of this paper is to investigate the relation between foreign banks and financial development and to focus on foreign bank lending, in particular. The research focuses on four countries with a high share of foreign banks: Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia. Using a dataset of 122 banks over a 10 year period from 2005 to 2015 a fixed effects panel regression models is used for an empirical analysis. Loan growth as a proxy for lending behaviour and credit stability is used as the dependent variable. The empirical models investigate the determinants of loan growth in foreign and domestic banks as well as the dependence of foreign bank subsidiaries on their parent banks. The regression results indicate that domestic banks are more dependent on local economic conditions and bank performance. Their credit supply depends more on their profitability, loan quality and domestic market share. Foreign bank subsidiaries, in contrast, exhibit greater independence from local economic conditions and also from subsidiary performance indicators such as profitability ratios. Instead their lending behaviour is significantly influenced by the financial characteristics of their parent banks.

The major aim of the study was to examine the short and long-run relationships and directional causality flow between road transport infrastructure development and economic growth in Namibia for the period 1990-2014. To achieve this objective, the study adopted the auto regression distributive lag (ARDL) Bounds testing approach to co-integration, to examine the short-run and long-run relationship between economic growth and transportation infrastructure in Namibia. The data was sourced from the World Bank Database on GDP from 1990 to 2014, the Namibia National Planning Commission MTEF (Medium-Term Expenditure Framework from 1990-2015) and the Roads Authority Annual Reports from 1999 to 2014, which were imported into the E-view tool to run quarterly regressions from 1990 - 2014. The results confirm a relationship among the variables. The Bounds test results indicated that there exists a long-run relationship among the variables under study. The estimated long-run model showed that there is a statistically insignificant positive relationship between expenditure on road transport and economic growth as well as between information communication technology and economic growth in Namibia. However, the short-run model revealed a positive and statistically significant relationship between expenditure on road transport and economic growth. Conversely, both the long-run and short-run estimates showed a statistically insignificant and negative relationship between foreign direct investment and economic growth. Lastly, the Granger causality test results showed no causality between expenditure on road transport and economic growth in Namibia. The present study offers fresh insights to policy makers on crafting appropriate policies to regulate tax consolidation revenue and infrastructure levies collection; secondly, to boost public sector borrowing on international capital markets through bond issues, infrastructure funds and revenue bonds; thirdly, to develop partner financing business models through sector budget support; fourthly, to secure private sector financing through a private debt, private equity or capital structure leveraging business model; and lastly, implementing fast-tightened fiscal and monetary policy measures on foreign direct investment which currently severely affect Namibian capital outflows.