The study has investigated a design intervention to the historically significant industrial precinct of Modderfontein. Modderfontein contains the first dynamite explosives factory in South Africa and is situated 20km northeast of Johannesburg. The area and its old buildings are relatively unknown. Due to the introduction of the Gautrain and the proposed development of the Modderfontein station and surrounds, the area will be densified and become more accessible. The intention of the framework proposed by the author is to activate the Main Street which contains the First Factory Manager’s house and the Dynamite Company Museum. This would be achieved by densifying the village with a series of buildings in clusters that have public, office and residential components. It is proposed that one of the clusters becomes a Book Village. The proposal will adhere to the various guidelines in a sensitive, contemporary manner. / Dissertation MArch(Prof)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Architecture / MArch(Prof) / Unrestricted

While the video game development industry has had big success and increases in the amount of competition, using new tools which accelerate and improve the process is inevitable. Especially, domain-specific tools prevent game developers from performing unnecessary effort by providing reusable com- ponents. Partial automatization of the games that fall under the same game genre significantly decreases the development time. In this thesis, we propose an exten- sible framework architecture for roguelike video games development with a visual node-based user interface which is also artist and designer-friendly. The archi- tecture aims to provide a faster game development process by wrapping common patterns in the roguelike games into simple node representations.

No abstract available / Dissertation (ML (Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Architecture / unrestricted

Magister Artium - MA / The trend in metropolitan planning is to provide overarching objectives for development, leaving detailed interpretation at the local level. The unspecific nature of these guidelines, however, coupled by the parochial interests of constituent local municipalities, can result in development that is unfavourable in terms of the metropolitan vision. The aim of this research was to consider a more detailed basis according to which the metropolitan plan for the Cape Metropolitan Area, the Metropolitan Spatial Development Framework (MSDF), could possibly be promoted. The approach was to focus on vacant land since this will be the target of future development.

A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Arts in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Masters of Recreation and Tourism degree in the Department of Recreation and Tourism at the University of Zululand, 2010. / According to Mkhabela (2009a) it is generally acknowledged that since 1994 the government of South Africa has adopted progressive policies that sought to ensure that the economic advancement of the previously disadvantaged people, is catered for. Concepts such as transformation, spatial development framework, Black economic empowerment [BEE], job creation, employment equity, affirmative action and preferential procurement have become a regular feature in our statute books and day-to-day discussions (Mkhabela, 2009a). These government policies, be they in economic advancement in general, or in tourism development in particular, need to be well planned and executed so as to effectively benefit the broader society in any business environment. Municipalities have the national mandate to formulate spatial development frameworks [SDFs], promote tourism development within their areas with a bias to enhance Black economic empowerment. The application of such principles is particularly needed in the iLembe District Municipality mainly for addressing of basic needs, equity and redistribution of tourism wealth for the benefit of the previously disadvantaged communities. This research investigation is fundamentally about assessing such SDF-related policies and their implementation. The main purpose of this study, therefore, is to advocate for the utilisation of tourism opportunities to their maximum degree for the historically disadvantaged individuals. The thrust of investigation and analysis of the present tourism related SDK and Black economic empowerment in the iLembe. District Municipality, is based on some pertinent objectives. Some of these objectives focus on the identification of tourism business opportunities around the study area. The core objectives of the study are: (a) To establish the extent to which Black people in the study area understand the meaning and importance of tourism and tourism empowerment. (b) To indicate the levels of Black participation in SDF and BEE-related tourism business opportunities in the study area. (c) To ascertain whether the SDF and BEE policies contribute towards tourism economic empowerment within the iLembe District Municipality. (d) To reveal the perceived SDF and tourism management practices that contribute to Black Economic Empowerment in the study area. (e) To determine the extent to which the local community benefits from the SDF and BEE related tourism activities in the study area. The methodology for collecting data comprised a stratified sample size of 138 respondents, which was distributed in the iLembe District Municipality as follows: sample consisting of Black service providers [18], tourism and municipal officials [10], domestic tourists [22], local community [88]. The findings indicated that local people have sufficient understanding of the meaning and importance of tourism and tourism empowerment in the study area. There were revelations that tourism participation levels were low in the area, as well as that tourism policies were not contributing significantly to BEE-related opportunities. Other findings were that stakeholders on average perceived the tourism management practices in the study area to be poor and based on uncertainty. The skills development practice or strategy was seen as the most needed in the area. Finally, the study revealed that tourism and BEE-related community benefits were non-existent for the local communities in the study area. Furthermore, the majority of respondents were very circumspect about the high-level benefits from BEE-related tourism opportunities in the study area. In conclusion the study, based on the negative outcomes established, has proposed and recommended that a management plan be instituted, with the view to facilitate the review, re-planning and restructuring of the BEE-related tourism policy-initiatives, so as to benefit the local communities more effectively. It is anticipated that with the remodelling of policy and practice, the delivery of tourism opportunities would become an attainable reality in the study area.

Telecommunications development in southern Africa is encouraged by economic opportunity, government-level support (such as the Southern African Development Corporation, or SADC) and market trends (de-monopolisation and market liberalisation). Various markets in the SADC region offer telecommunications operators solid growth potential and the advantages of geographic diversification. Operators entering the new markets will generally do so in the mode of partnerships, alliances or Greenfield operations. However, the context in which they function, independent of the mode of entrance, will tend to be defined by the telecommunications and ICT industry; that is, within an interoperator environment. “Interoperator” is referred to in a broad sense, i.e. enterprise interaction between operators / service providers and across the value chain. The existence of interoperator relationships is thus taken as an assumption. A carefully managed network rollout and technological evolution plan is required together with critical market and business considerations to succeed with expansion into SADC markets. This paper presents a logical methodology for telecoms operators (mobile or fixed) to guide network development and formulate strategy particular to the SADC deployment area. A proposed development framework gives structure and organisation to the various aspects – business requirements, technology choices and market decisions – of a telecoms business in Southern Africa. The total model consists of 4 associated representations which fit logically in an enabling framework. Central to the framework is a technology decision methodology, guiding the technological evolution toward a Next Generation Network (NGN) services core whilst preserving existing investment, smoothing interoperation of elements and legacy technologies and subordinating decisions to business needs. Alignment of services and products to the business plan and that of the customer needs is also addressed through the “considerations and applications” and “customer visibility circle” representations. The regulatory environment, licence stipulations and interconnect agreements are important inputs to the framework. The output is the formulation of a high-level strategy roadmap, and evaluation and feedback methodology. The realisation of a clear, defined roadmap through which telecommunications development in the SADC can be guided provides telecommunications operators with a high-level framework that structures, orders and orientates all necessary elements with long-term goals and business requirements. / Dissertation (MEng (Technology Management))--University of Pretoria, 2004. / Graduate School of Technology Management (GSTM) / unrestricted

The UN and NATO have implemented separate approaches to civilian-military cooperation. Central in both approaches is a need for information sharing between civilian and military actors. Without shared information, cooperative planning becomes impossible. For military actors secret information makes sharing difficult and for civilian actors, principles hinder close cooperation. Scholars in the field of intelligence study have identified that states and organizations share information if the benefits of such, outweigh costs and risks. This thesis examines institutional differences between the UN mission MINUSMA in Mali and NATO mission ISAF in Afghanistan, in order to better understand how institutional factors, affect sharing of information. With an outset in Rational Choice Institutionalism and by use of Elinor Ostrom’s Institutional Development and Analysis Framework, an analytical instrument is designed. Through inductive review of interviews, first-hand accounts and reports; factors that drive, enable and hinder civilian-military sharing are indicated. The thesis indicates that the institutional framework of MINUSMA forms interdependency between civilian and military actors, while sharing in ISAF was enabled only when common goals were agreed upon. Military and civilian actors, in both MINUSMA and ISAF point to unclear mandates and vague goals as primary barriers to civilian-military sharing.

The ultimate goals of adaptive serious educational games (adaptive SEG) are to promote effective learning and maximising enjoyment for players. Firstly, we develop the SEG by combining knowledge space (learning materials) and game content space to be used to convey learning materials. We propose a novel approach that serves toward minimising experts' involvement in mapping learning materials to game content space. We categorise both content spaces using known procedures and apply BIRCH clustering algorithm to categorise the similarity of the game content. Then, we map both content spaces based on the statistical properties and/or by the knowledge learning handout. Secondly, we construct a predictive model by learning data sets constructed through a survey on public testers who labelled their in-game data with their reported experiences. A Random Forest algorithm non-intrusively predicts experiences via the game data. Lastly, it is not feasible to manually select or adapt the content from both spaces because of the immense amount of options available. Therefore, we apply reinforcement learning technique to generate a series of learning goals that promote an efficient learning for the player. Subsequently, a combination of conditional branching and agglomerative hierarchical clustering select the most appropriate game content for each selected education material. For a proof-of-concept, we apply the proposed approach to producing the SEG, named Chem Dungeon, as a case study to demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed methods.

Cette thèse étudie la coordination des équipes et la polycentricité en proposant une approche ératique d’une analyse institutionnelle de la coordination. En effet, la définition de la coordination n’est pas aisée même si le terme est utilisé quotidiennement dans différents domaines et tout particulièrement celui de la santé. La coordination s’appliquerait aujourd’hui aussi bien aux actions, qu’aux acteurs ou aux éléments d’une activité. Malone et Crowston (1994) relèvent que la coordination est tellement présente dans notre quotidien que nous ne la percevons principalement que lorsqu’elle est défaillante. Pour affiner la compréhension de la coordination étudiée à l’aide des théories des organisations et des théories des comportements organisationnels, de récentes contributions ont privilégié une analyse du caractère micro social, continu et situé de la coordination. Elles examinent les pratiques de coordination développées par les acteurs sur le terrain (par exemple, Faraj, Xiao 2006 ; Bechky, 2006; Kellogg et al., 2006; Jarzabkowski, et al., 2012; Harrison et Rouse, 2014; Schakel et al., 2016; Ben-Menahem et al., 2016; Wolbers et al., 2017 ; Bouty et Drucker-Godard, 2018). L’analyse de la coordination s’inscrirait ainsi dans l’examen des effets récursifs entre pratiques concrètes de coordination et influences institutionnelles. Pour autant, force est de constater que la littérature peine à démontrer ces influences réciproques. L’environnement institutionnel est complexe : de nombreux centres de décisions peuvent être identifiés et sont interdépendants (Ostrom V. et al, 1961). Pour investiguer ces environnements, OstromE (2005) proposent une conception polycentrique de la diversité institutionnelle qui permet de comprendre comment l’on peut mettre en lien l’organisation des moyens pour réaliser une action collective, coordonnée au niveau institutionnel aussi divers soit-il, et les pratiques des acteurs au sein d’arènes d’action. Cette thèse montre que l’approche pratique de l’analyse et développement institutionnel (ADI) proposée par Ostrom E. permet de combiner les différentes analyses de la coordination menées jusqu’à présent dans la littérature gestionnaire au sein d’un même modèle. A l’aide d’une recherche qualitative compréhensive de la coordination des équipes du secours d’urgence pré-hospitalier, nous proposons un cadre d’analyse de la coordination intégrant les différentes approches de la coordination développées en sciences de gestion. Nous détaillons ainsi un élément central du cadre ADI d’Ostrom E. : l’arène d’action qui est le lieu de pratiques de coordination. La prise en compte de la diversité institutionnelle en action amène à repenser l’équipe en méta-collectif. Il est une formation spécifique faite d’interrelations entre de multiples participants d’arènes d’action intriquées. La déclinaison du concept de polycentricité en gestion nous permet également de concevoir des systèmes où un rapport à une ressource est la base d’un système fait d’interrelations vigilantes et responsables. Cette thèse montre également l’importance de composer avec la diversité institutionnelle pour faire face à l’ensemble des situations possibles dans des contextes complexes comme ceux du secours d’urgence pré-hospitalier. Nous proposons de sortir de la logique d’unification comme seule possibilité d’efficience tant les systèmes multi-institutionnels sont flexibles, résilients et sûrs notamment grâce aux retours d’expériences formalisés ou informels qu’il faut encourager. Cependant, dans ces contextes polycentriques un système de règles robuste et adaptable doit être préservé. Le système peut s’adapter de lui-même par modification régulière des dispositions pour agir. L’attention doit alors se porter sur le passage de « règles en usages » au stade « règles institutionnalisées » pour assurer la fiabilité du système. / This thesis studies team coordination and polycentricity by proposing a practical approach to an institutional analysis of coordination. Indeed, the definition of coordination is not easy even if the term is used daily in different areas and especially that of health. Coordination would apply today to actions, actors or elements of an activity. Malone and Crowston (1994) note that coordination is so much present in our daily lives that we only perceive it mainly when it is failing. To refine the understanding of the coordination, studied using organization theory or organizational behavior theory, recent contributions have recognized an analysis of the microsocial, continuous and situated nature of coordination. They examine the coordination practices developed by the actors in the field (e.g. Faraj, Xiao 2006 ; Bechky, 2006; Kellogg and al., 2006; Jarzabkowski, and al., 2012; Harrison and Rouse, 2014; Schakel and al., 2016; BenMenahem and al., 2016; Wolbers and al., 2017 ; Bouty and Drucker-Godard, 2018). The analysis of coordination would thus be part of the examination of the recursive effects between concrete practices of coordination and institutional influences. However, it is clear that the literature struggles to demonstrate these reciprocal influences. The institutional environment is complex, many decision centers can be identified and are interdependent (Ostrom et al, 1961). In order to investigate these environments, Ostrom (2005) propose a polycentric conception of institutional diversity which enables us to understand how we can link the organization of the means to achieve a collective action, coordinated at institutional level as diverse as it can be, and the practices of the actors within action arenas. This thesis shows that the practical approach of the analysis and institutional development framework (ADI) proposed by Ostrom makes possible the combination of the different coordination analyzes carried out so far in the management literature within the same model. Using a comprehensive qualitative research on the coordination of pre-hospital emergency teams, we propose a coordination analysis framework integrating the different approaches to coordination developed in management sciences. We detail a central element of Ostrom's IAD framework: the action arena which is the place of coordination practices. Taking into account institutional diversity in action, leads us to rethink the team in meta-collective. It is a specific training made of interrelationships between multiple participants of intricate action arenas. The concept of polycentricity in management also allows us to design systems where a relationship to a resource is the basis of a system of vigilant and responsible interrelationships. This thesis also demonstrates the importance of dealing with institutional diversity, to deal with all possible situations in complex contexts, such as pre-hospital emergency relief. We propose to leave the logic of unification as the only possibility of efficiency as the multi-institutional systems are flexible, resilient and safe, especially thanks to the formalized or informal feedback that must be encouraged. However, in these polycentric contexts a robust and adaptable rule system must be preserved. The system can adapt itself by regularly changing the provisions for action. Attention must then be turned to the transition from "rules in use" to the stage of "institutionalized rules" to ensure the reliability of the system.

Over the past few decades, there has been a shift in crime control discourses, from an almost exclusive focus on traditional criminal justice objectives and practices, to attention to ‘community’ and a range of strategies that seek to prevent crime and increase safety. Overall, evaluations of the community mobilization approach to crime prevention and safety conclude that these initiatives have generally demonstrated limited long-term impacts on ‘crime’ and safety at the local level. Through the ‘what works’ lens, the limits of the approach have typically been attributed to implementation challenges related to outreach and mobilization, and inadequate resourcing. Through a more critical lens, using studies on governmentality as a starting point, this study examines the mechanisms through which crime prevention and community safety became thinkable as sites of governance in Canada, and more specifically within the Community Development Framework (CDF) in Ottawa (ON). To this end, I conducted an ethnography using a triangulation of data collection methods, including extensive fieldwork and direct participant observation within the CDF. The findings of this ethnography describe in detail how the CDF emerged and unfolded (from 2008 to 2010) from a variety of perspectives. These findings show that the CDF encountered a number of common challenges associated with program implementation and community-based evaluation. However, the lack of progress made towards adhering to CDF principles and reaching CDF goals cannot be reduced to these failures alone. The CDF highlights the importance of locating the community approach to crime prevention within its wider socio-political context, and of paying attention to its numerous ‘messy actualities’. These include the dynamics and repercussions of: governing at a distance and of the dispersal of social control; the neoliberal creation and responsibilization of choice-makers; relations of power, knowledge and the nature of expertise; the messiness of the notion of ‘community’; bureaucratic imperatives and professional interests; the words versus deeds of community policing; and processes relevant to resistance within current arrangements.