In 1978, Deng Xiaoping proposed the "internal reform and opening up policy guidelines, the development strategy as a key turning point for social and economic development. Since then, by "bringing in" strategy, has successfully attracted a large number of foreign investment in China, the Chinese economy to maintain rapid growth of nearly 30 years. After the Chinese government in order to ensure that sufficient resources for economic development and accelerate the speed of industrial upgrading. In 2002, the "going global" strategy, through the assistance of the preferential policies to encourage Chinese enterprises to invest overseas, which large-scale state-owned enterprises is the main body of the Chinese enterprises to invest overseas. Select the large state-owned enterprises as the main body of the overseas investment, because the state-owned enterprises and the Chinese Government had had a close relationship between the overall planning of national development strategies, and able to cope with overseas investment. Therefore, we can find state-owned enterprises in China's overseas investment by the country's development strategy guide. The research based on national development strategies for the study means to illustrate the relationship between Chinese state-owned enterprises overseas investment and national development strategies. Through the analysis of the state-owned enterprises to invest overseas location, industry type and investment options, which implied the national strategic significance. In addition to the Chinese state-owned enterprises overseas investment cases to examine in detail the close relationship of the overseas investment activities with national development strategies of the state-owned enterprises. Through the perspective of national development strategies, analysis of the Chinese state-owned enterprises overseas investment behavior can be found in the state-owned enterprises overseas investment by the country's development strategy guide, behind an important national strategic significance, which includes improving foreign economic relations, the promotion of domestic industry upgrade and strengthen the multi-use of foreign exchange reserves, and promote the internationalization of the RMB, as well as ensuring energy security.

Local Authorities have a duty to promote the economic, social and environmental wellbeing of their communities. The study deals with the promotion of community involvement and other stakeholders by municipality in ensuring the tourism sustainability. The objectives of this research are to explain the theoretical analysis of the concepts: tourism and poverty alleviation; mechanisms and procedures to be used to encourage community participation in making tourism economically viable around Sedibeng District Municipality; results in economic benefits to business and host community and management of available resources and procedures. A random sample of thirty participants took part in the study. A questionnaire was used as research instrument for data gathering from the participants. Literature study was utilized to support the empirical research and to check implementation of legislation and regulations, regarding tourism management. It was discovered that municipalities may not be so capable of effectively addressing the role that tourism can play in poverty alleviation. As such, it is recommended that local government's existing mechanisms, resources and systems to manage tourism be reviewed to help promote a sustainable training programme. / MA, Public Management and Administration, North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2011

The role played by Schoemansdal Environmental Education Centre (SEEC) in the development of environmental awareness to its neighbouring schools has been established, described and explored. Schoemansdal's role was evaluated in relation to what other environmental education centers around the world are doing as strategies of developing environmental awareness to their neighbouring schools and communities. Schoemansdal Environmental Education Centre acted as a case study and its findings are supplemented by valuable data from seventeen schools, which were selected in the Zoutpansberg West Circuit by the researcher. The sole aim was to enhance information gathered at Schoemansdal EEC with regard to its role of making the neighbouring schools aware of environmental issues. Although the research question has been adequately explored, the study does not claim to be exhaustive and without limitations. The recommendations made by the study, based on the findings will be of value to environmental officers, environmental educationists, teachers and education policy makers involved with EE implementation in formal education. / Educational Studies / M. Ed.(Environmental Education)

O objetivo desta dissertação é mostrar como a estratégia de inserção internacional da Índia se articula com sua estratégia de desenvolvimento. Inicialmente, o trabalho conceitua inserção internacional e desenvolvimento econômico para países subdesenvolvidos e apresenta algumas estratégias estilizadas de inserção de alguns países emergentes. Posteriormente, busca-se caracterizar a economia da Índia do ponto de vista da evolução histórica e em seus aspectos distintivos. Entre as principais conclusões do trabalho, percebe-se que apesar da maior integração da Índia com o mundo, esta se dá em um grau inferior ao dos demais países em grau semelhante de desenvolvimento. Mesmo com o avanço recente, o crescimento não se traduziu em grandes modificações estruturais, com a maior parte da população ainda em condições de pobreza, e alocada no setor rural da economia. A relativamente baixa integração econômica e a própria abertura gradual e planejada da economia da Índia, mantendo reduzidos os índices de vulnerabilidade externa, permite que a Índia coloque algumas das prioridades da nação em primeiro lugar, tanto no arcabouço do regime macroeconômico, como nos fóruns internacionais. As oportunidades de crescimento, especialmente através do setor externo, devem ser consideradas tendo em vista as fontes de vulnerabilidade e oportunidades de mudanças estruturais que se traduzam em melhores condições de vida. / The objective of this dissertation is to show how the strategy of international insertion of India is linked to its development strategy. Initially, this dissertation conceptualizes international insertion and economic development for underdeveloped countries and it presents some stylistic strategies of insertion for some emerging countries. Subsequently, it seeks to characterize the Indian economy from the standpoint of historical development and its distinguishing features. Among the main conclusions of this dissertation is that despite India’s greater integration with the world, this occurs at a lower grade than that of other countries in similar levels of development. Even with recent progress, growth has not translated into major structural changes, as most of the population remains in poverty in the rural sector of the economy. The relatively low economic integration and the very gradual and planned opening of the economy of India, while maintaining low rates of external vulnerability, allows India to place some of the priorities of the nation's first, both in the framework of the macroeconomic regime, and in international forums. The opportunities for growth, especially through the external sector, should be considered in view of the sources of vulnerability and opportunities for structural changes that translate into better living conditions for its population.

O objetivo desta dissertação é mostrar como a estratégia de inserção internacional da Índia se articula com sua estratégia de desenvolvimento. Inicialmente, o trabalho conceitua inserção internacional e desenvolvimento econômico para países subdesenvolvidos e apresenta algumas estratégias estilizadas de inserção de alguns países emergentes. Posteriormente, busca-se caracterizar a economia da Índia do ponto de vista da evolução histórica e em seus aspectos distintivos. Entre as principais conclusões do trabalho, percebe-se que apesar da maior integração da Índia com o mundo, esta se dá em um grau inferior ao dos demais países em grau semelhante de desenvolvimento. Mesmo com o avanço recente, o crescimento não se traduziu em grandes modificações estruturais, com a maior parte da população ainda em condições de pobreza, e alocada no setor rural da economia. A relativamente baixa integração econômica e a própria abertura gradual e planejada da economia da Índia, mantendo reduzidos os índices de vulnerabilidade externa, permite que a Índia coloque algumas das prioridades da nação em primeiro lugar, tanto no arcabouço do regime macroeconômico, como nos fóruns internacionais. As oportunidades de crescimento, especialmente através do setor externo, devem ser consideradas tendo em vista as fontes de vulnerabilidade e oportunidades de mudanças estruturais que se traduzam em melhores condições de vida. / The objective of this dissertation is to show how the strategy of international insertion of India is linked to its development strategy. Initially, this dissertation conceptualizes international insertion and economic development for underdeveloped countries and it presents some stylistic strategies of insertion for some emerging countries. Subsequently, it seeks to characterize the Indian economy from the standpoint of historical development and its distinguishing features. Among the main conclusions of this dissertation is that despite India’s greater integration with the world, this occurs at a lower grade than that of other countries in similar levels of development. Even with recent progress, growth has not translated into major structural changes, as most of the population remains in poverty in the rural sector of the economy. The relatively low economic integration and the very gradual and planned opening of the economy of India, while maintaining low rates of external vulnerability, allows India to place some of the priorities of the nation's first, both in the framework of the macroeconomic regime, and in international forums. The opportunities for growth, especially through the external sector, should be considered in view of the sources of vulnerability and opportunities for structural changes that translate into better living conditions for its population.

The usefulness of the European model of integration is currently subject to debate and the North American integration process has been largely ignored as a comparative framework. The asymmetrical relationship between Canada and the United States began a long time before NAFTA, and the study of this process could shed light on the usual problems faced by Latin American countries. This article attempts to encourage discussion about this topic. Particularly,there is evidence for a substantial and positive change in Canadian productivity at the time of the Canada-US Free Trade Agreement (CUFTA). However, the enactment of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) does not seem to have had the same effect as the earlier treaty. / La utilidad del modelo europeo de integración es actualmente sujeto de debate, mientras que el proceso de integración norteamericano ha sido largamente ignorado como un marco comparativo. La relación asimétrica entre Canadá y los Estados Unidos empezó hace mucho tiempo antes del NAFTA, y el estudio de este proceso podría dar luces en los problemas usuales enfrentados por países latinoamericanos. Este artículo intenta promover la discusión sobre este asunto.Particularmente, existe evidencia de un cambio positivo y sustancial en la productividad canadienseen el momento del acuerdo comercial entre Canadá y los Estados Unidos (CUFTA). Sin embargo, la promulgación del Acuerdo de Libre Comercio de Norteamérica (NAFTA) no pareceque haya tenido el mismo efecto que el tratado anterior.

National sustainable development strategies (NSSDs) were inspired in 1992 by the Rio summit. Since 1999; the World Bank (WB) and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) have further encouraged developing countries to prepare NSSDS as National integrated strategies formulated through a participatory process and coordinated with donors. / Ahmed timbo -ahmedtimbo@yahoo.com,timboahmed@hotmail.com "Additional supervisor: Prof. Aleh Cherp, BTH, CEU and Lund University

This exploratory study examined the different tourism market development strategies that tourism Multinational Corporations (MNCs) implement in their operations in African host countries. It empirically investigated the existence of any relationships between tourism MNCs’ market development strategies and the “Needs and Expectations of African host countries.” Also, it investigated the influences of external environmental factors on tourism MNCs’ tourism market strategic choice. Its sample population were top management executives of tourism MNCs‘ with operations in the African market. The unit of analysis was the corporation. The sample frame was an exhaustive list of tourism MNCs with operations in the African region. The initial sample size was 106 tourism MNCs’ executives. Thirty-seven of them responded to a mail in survey questionnaire. Two of the questionnaires were discarded due to numerous missing data. Thus, there were 35 usable questionnaires for data analysis, which is a response rate of 33%. The study results identified relationships between the integration of Multinational Corporations’ (MNCs) tourism market development strategies with the needs and expectations of developing African host countries, and their successful performance in those host countries in terms of growth in operations and profitability. It revealed that significant differences exist among the market development strategies on the factors of needs and expectations of African host countries. The significant factors were community participation, local entrepreneurship, and job and national security. Also, the economic development factor was observed to be partially significant. This study also identified free trade economy in the African host countries as a significant factor on the influence of external environment. The framework of this study is embedded in the underlying theories of international strategic management, international business, international development, and needs and expectations. The study’s final conceptual model depicts the significant factors of African host countries’ needs and expectations, the tourism market development strategies, an integration of the two concepts and the resultant tourism MNCs successful performance. This research study investigated MNCs in all sectors of the tourism industry. And the findings have shown that for the tourism MNCs to be successful in their African host countries, they should be sensitive to the identified sectors, namely economic development, community participation, local entrepreneurship, and job and national security measures. Also, they should exert more efforts in exploring African free trade economies for their business locations in the region. / Ph. D.

Mozambique academic libraries are quite vulnerable in hybrid collection development for various reasons. In the process of collection development, physical collections have dominated the Mozambican libraries’ scene because they can acquire printed materials relatively easily. Digital materials, on the other hand, have caused difficulties due to the costs of subscribing to databases and poor technological infrastructure generated by insufficient resources. This work aims to understand the strategies followed by the libraries of Mozambican higher education institutions for the development of their hybrid collections, and to highlight the acquisition patterns, trends of integration of the collections and general challenges they face in this area. To answer the research questions, we have conducted the literature review and collected empirical data from university library documents and through semi-structured interviews with librarians responsible for collection development in three universities. The research adopted a qualitative study method and investigated three university libraries in Mozambique. As a result, we have identified collection development strategies used for the development of hybrid collections. These are partly overlapping as they must help to solve similar problems, and some strategies are specific to a university, because of different conditions and opportunities. It was also realized that, despite the efforts of those university libraries, there is a general weakness in state funding. The influence of external investment proved to be a great positive differential in the working areas of the affected libraries. It was also found out that university libraries participate and use the potential of the Mozambican library consortium AMOBAP unequally and the integration of institutional repositories is not on the same stage among the libraries.

Although play is a vital concept and a core element within early childhood development, it is quickly diminishing throughout our schools. It is critical to provide an awareness that play is important in the development of young children and allows . children the opportunity to grow socially, emotionally, physically and cognitively. This thesis provides some play strategies and implications for parents to ensure their children's optimal development.