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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Nutritional ecology of the invasive maize pest Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte in Europe

Moeser, Joachim. January 2003 (has links) (PDF)
Göttingen, Univ., Diss., 2003.
2

Nutritional ecology of the invasive maize pest Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte in Europe

Moeser, Joachim. January 2003 (has links) (PDF)
Göttingen, University, Diss., 2003.
3

Evaluation and mechanisms of host-plant resistance to the wireworm-Diabrotica-Systena complex in sweetpotatoes (Ipomoea batatas) and a commercial kairomone lure in Diabroticites

Douglas, Thomas J. 06 August 2021 (has links)
An evaluation of host-plant resistance to the wireworm-Diabrotica-Systena (WDS) complex of root-feeding insects in sweetpotatoes was performed on a total of 15 cultivars and advanced lines over the course of 4 years (2017-2020). It was found that sweetpotatoes varieties can differ significantly in amount of damage incurred. Several mechanisms of resistance were proposed and tested: periderm toughness, dry weight percentage, and volatile organic chemical defenses. No significant difference was found amongst the varieties tested concerning the physical properties. Chemical analysis was limited in scope but did show some differences between a susceptible variety when compared to a resistant variety in the volatile chemical composition of the foliage. Finally, a commercial kairomone lure with sticky card for Diabroticites was tested for efficacy when compared to sweep net sampling throughout the season. No correlation could be found amongst the methods in terms of number and species of insects caught by each.
4

Esterilização de machos de Diabrotica speciosa (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) com irradiação gama visando controle em culturas de importância econômica / Sterilization of males Diabrotica speciosa (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) with gamma irradiation for control in cultures of economic importance

Araújo, Márcio Martins de 15 August 2017 (has links)
Diabrotica speciosa (Germar, 1824), causa danos diretos por alimentação e indiretos como vetor de vírus para diversos grupos de plantas. A principal forma de controle são os agroquímicos, portanto visando o manejo populacional sem impacto ambiental, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo determinar a dose de radiação gama que proporciona a esterilidade de machos, o seu consumo foliar e as alterações histológicas em suas gônadas. Os adultos foram submetidos à radiação gama (60Co) no terceiro dia após a emergência nas doses de 0, 25, 50, 75 e 100 Gy a uma taxa de 0,808 KGy/hora, totalizando 20 repetições/ dose. A dose esterilizante baseou-se na fertilidade de fêmeas sexualmente maduras acasaladas por machos irradiados. Os casais foram individualizados em \"arenas\" e alimentados com folíolos de feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) com gaze preta umedecida para oviposição. Os ovos foram tratados e dispostos em recipientes plásticos forrados com papel de filtro. Após a eclosão, as larvas foram transferidas para um recipiente maior com tampa telada contendo vermiculita fina e plântulas de milho (Zea mays L.) que foram substituídas a cada 10 dias, até a emergência do adulto. Após o 4º dia de irradiação disponibilizou-se um disco foliar de 3,2 cm de diâmetro por 24 horas, para cada casal. Os discos foram digitalizados e analisados no software ImageJ. Para avaliação das gônadas foram utilizados 3 machos por dose com 8 dias de idade dissecados em PBS e através da técnica de Hematoxilina Eosina as laminas foram avaliadas em microscópio óptico. Verificou-se que a esterilidade dos machos ocorreu a partir de 75 Gy e sua longevidade média foi de 12,5 dias. O consumo da área foliar dos casais constituídos por um macho estéril foi de 42,9% e a analise histológica testicular demonstrou desorganização nos tecidos e lacunas entre as células germinativas nas maiores doses de 75 Gy e 100 Gy. / Diabrotica speciosa (Germar, 1824), causes direct and indirect damage on crops by feeding and acting as virus vector for diverse groups of plants. The main control form is the use of agrochemicals so, aiming to manage the population without environment impact, the present work had as objective to determine the dose of gamma radiation that provides male sterility, its foliar consumption and gonads histological changes. Adult males were submitted to gamma radiation (60Co) on the third day after emergence at doses of 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 Gy at 0,808 KGy/ hour rate, totaling 20 replicates/ dose. The sterilizing dose was based on the fertility of sexually mature non-irradiated females mated by irradiated males. The couples were individualized in \"arenas\" and fed with leaflets Phaseolus vulgaris L. with black gauze moistened for oviposition. Eggs were treated and arranged in plastic containers lined with filter paper. After hatching, larvae were transferred to a larger container with a cover cap containing fine vermiculite and maize seedlings (Zea mays L.), which were replaced every 10 days, until adult emergence. After the 4th day of irradiation, a leaf disc with 3.2 cm in diameter was available for 24 hours for each couple. The discs were scanned and analyzed in ImageJ software. To evaluate the gonads, 3 males with 8 days of age were used per dose. They were dissected in PBS, throught the Hematoxylin-Eosin technique the laminas were evaluated under an optical microscope. We observed that male sterility occurred from 75 Gy and the average longevity of this group was of 12.5 days. Consumption of the leaf area by couples composed by a sterile male was 42.9% and the testicular histological analysis demonstrated tissue disorganization and gaps between germ cells at the highest doses of 75 Gy and 100 Gy.
5

Esterilização de machos de Diabrotica speciosa (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) com irradiação gama visando controle em culturas de importância econômica / Sterilization of males Diabrotica speciosa (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) with gamma irradiation for control in cultures of economic importance

Márcio Martins de Araújo 15 August 2017 (has links)
Diabrotica speciosa (Germar, 1824), causa danos diretos por alimentação e indiretos como vetor de vírus para diversos grupos de plantas. A principal forma de controle são os agroquímicos, portanto visando o manejo populacional sem impacto ambiental, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo determinar a dose de radiação gama que proporciona a esterilidade de machos, o seu consumo foliar e as alterações histológicas em suas gônadas. Os adultos foram submetidos à radiação gama (60Co) no terceiro dia após a emergência nas doses de 0, 25, 50, 75 e 100 Gy a uma taxa de 0,808 KGy/hora, totalizando 20 repetições/ dose. A dose esterilizante baseou-se na fertilidade de fêmeas sexualmente maduras acasaladas por machos irradiados. Os casais foram individualizados em \"arenas\" e alimentados com folíolos de feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) com gaze preta umedecida para oviposição. Os ovos foram tratados e dispostos em recipientes plásticos forrados com papel de filtro. Após a eclosão, as larvas foram transferidas para um recipiente maior com tampa telada contendo vermiculita fina e plântulas de milho (Zea mays L.) que foram substituídas a cada 10 dias, até a emergência do adulto. Após o 4º dia de irradiação disponibilizou-se um disco foliar de 3,2 cm de diâmetro por 24 horas, para cada casal. Os discos foram digitalizados e analisados no software ImageJ. Para avaliação das gônadas foram utilizados 3 machos por dose com 8 dias de idade dissecados em PBS e através da técnica de Hematoxilina Eosina as laminas foram avaliadas em microscópio óptico. Verificou-se que a esterilidade dos machos ocorreu a partir de 75 Gy e sua longevidade média foi de 12,5 dias. O consumo da área foliar dos casais constituídos por um macho estéril foi de 42,9% e a analise histológica testicular demonstrou desorganização nos tecidos e lacunas entre as células germinativas nas maiores doses de 75 Gy e 100 Gy. / Diabrotica speciosa (Germar, 1824), causes direct and indirect damage on crops by feeding and acting as virus vector for diverse groups of plants. The main control form is the use of agrochemicals so, aiming to manage the population without environment impact, the present work had as objective to determine the dose of gamma radiation that provides male sterility, its foliar consumption and gonads histological changes. Adult males were submitted to gamma radiation (60Co) on the third day after emergence at doses of 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 Gy at 0,808 KGy/ hour rate, totaling 20 replicates/ dose. The sterilizing dose was based on the fertility of sexually mature non-irradiated females mated by irradiated males. The couples were individualized in \"arenas\" and fed with leaflets Phaseolus vulgaris L. with black gauze moistened for oviposition. Eggs were treated and arranged in plastic containers lined with filter paper. After hatching, larvae were transferred to a larger container with a cover cap containing fine vermiculite and maize seedlings (Zea mays L.), which were replaced every 10 days, until adult emergence. After the 4th day of irradiation, a leaf disc with 3.2 cm in diameter was available for 24 hours for each couple. The discs were scanned and analyzed in ImageJ software. To evaluate the gonads, 3 males with 8 days of age were used per dose. They were dissected in PBS, throught the Hematoxylin-Eosin technique the laminas were evaluated under an optical microscope. We observed that male sterility occurred from 75 Gy and the average longevity of this group was of 12.5 days. Consumption of the leaf area by couples composed by a sterile male was 42.9% and the testicular histological analysis demonstrated tissue disorganization and gaps between germ cells at the highest doses of 75 Gy and 100 Gy.
6

Laboratory and field evaluations of Virginia-type peanut (Arachis hypogea L.) cultivars for resistance to Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Barber

Petka, William J. 02 May 2009 (has links)
The southern corn rootworm (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Barber) is the primary soil insect pest to peanuts (A rachis hypogaea L.) in Virginia and North Carolina. The newer cultivars, which are planted on the majority of the acreage, have not been extensively screened for rootworm resistance. The objective of this study was to evaluate 5 new Virginia-type cultivars (NC-V 11, VA-C 92R, VA 93B, NC 10C, and AgraTech VC1) and 18 breeding lines (N90013E, VA 861101, VA 9211920, VA 9211289, VA 891438, VA 901072, VA 9010343, VA 8911115, VA 9109213, VA 9109235, VA 9109237, VA 9111309, N93007L, N92066L, N92074L, PI 121067, GP-NC 343, N92064L and N93003L) for resistance to southern corn rootworm in the laboratory and in the field. NC 7 and NC 9 were used as susceptible checks. NC 6 was used as a known resistant check. Rootworm mortality and feeding were measured from bioassays in the lab. Pod damage data were obtained from field plots. NC 6 caused some significant differences with more rootworm mortality at both the pupal and adult stages than NC 7, NC 9, NC 10C, NC-V11, N90013E, PI 121067, AgraTech VC-1, VA 93B, VA 861101, and VA 9211290 when feeding on peanut seedlings. In addition, NC 6 also caused significantly higher mortality at pupa and adult stages than NC 7, AgraTech VC-1, VA 861101, and VA 93B when larvae fed on the peg and immature pod tissue from field plantings. NC 6 also had less total pod damage than NC 7 in natural infestations of southern corn rootworm. Results from this study indicate that NC 61s are still the only cultivar that demonstrates resistance to rootworm. / Master of Science
7

Investigação do potencial antimicrobiano de Casearia sylvestris sobre microrganismo endossimbionte de Diabrotica speciosa / Investigation of the potential antimicrobial of casearia sylvestris on the endosymbiont microorganisms of diabrotica speciosa

Marques, Fabiana Aparecida 27 March 2013 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:36:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 5223.pdf: 14772341 bytes, checksum: f9288ce2d5f0b661781b49aa3722146b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-27 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / Diabrotica speciosa is a pest insect which occurs in most Brazilian states, standing out as one of the most important polyphagous pest of in grain crops. The understand of the role of the microbiota present in the digestive tract and of this insect the identification of ways to interfer or even to eliminate this microbial flora they are knowlegdes that, may lead mode of action to control of the pest insect. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the microbial diversity present in the digestive tract of larvae and adults of D. speciosa and in the sometime, to investigate the potential of C. sylvestris as an antimicrobial agent. As results, they were obtained 21 bacterial isolates and 8 fungal isolates. The proteic profile of these microrganisms were analyzed by using MALDI-TOF/MS. Afterwards, these data were grouped identifying clusters of isolates. A bacteria each groups was identified by rDNA sequencing, 16S region. Identified bacteria were: Pantoea agglomerans, Luteibacter sp., Serratia marcescens, and Pseudomonas temperans Acidovorax sp. Two isolated fungi were identified through morphological comparison with literature data, and identified as Cladosporium sp. and Penicillium sp. A further study was carried out with Luteibacter sp bacteria, which were isolated from D. speciosa larva. In this study was evaluated growth profile and the parameters to carry out the antimicrobial assay. Several kind of microbial assays were investigated such as agar diffusion and microdilution plate ELISA®. The second method showed the best results. Thus, a microdiluition methodology using fluorometric assay, was developed and validated, highlighting parameter such as linearity, specificity, accuracy, precision, robustness, recovery, limites of detection, quantification and detection, etc. This method was applied evaluating extracts, fraction and secondary molecules of cerrado plants. Phytochemical study of C. sylvestris leaves resulted in the isolation of an umpublished tricyclic sesquiterpene, the flavonoid catechin and a clerodane diterpene, which was used as a reference marker in chromatographic method to quality control of the extracts and fractions of C. sylvestris that were used in assays. / A Diabrotica speciosa é uma espécie que ocorre na maioria dos estados brasileiros, destacando-se como uma das principais pragas polífagas nas culturas de grãos. O entendimento da função da microbiota presente no trato digestivo deste inseto e a identificação de meios de interferir ou até mesmo destruir essa flora microbiana são conhecimentos que podem levar a um novo modo de ação para o controle de insetos praga. Neste contexto, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a diversidade microbiana presente no trato digestivo de larvas e insetos adultos de D. speciosa e avaliar o potencial de Casearia sylvestris e extratos de plantas do cerrado como agente antimicrobiano. Como resultados, foram obtidos 19 isolados bacterianos e 8 fúngicos. Estes foram avaliados em termos de perfis protéico por MALDI-TOF/MS, e após a obtenção de agrupamentos estatísticos alguns microrganismos foram identificadas através do seqüenciamento de rDNA região 16S. As bactérias identificadas foram: Pantoea agglomerans, Luteibacter sp., Serratia marcescens, Acidovorax temperans e Pseudomonas sp. Dos isolados fúngicos, dois foram identificados através de comparação morfológica como dados da literatura, pertencendo aos gêneros; Cladosporium sp. e Penicillium sp. Um estudo mais aprofundado foi realizado com a bactéria Luteibacter sp isolada da larva, que teve seu perfil de crescimento avaliado, possibilitando o ajuste de parâmetros para realização de ensaios antimicrobiano. Para estes ensaios foram testadas metodologias de difusão em ágar e por microdiluição em placa de ELISA®, sendo na segunda metodologia obtido os melhores resultados. Assim, uma metodologia por microdiluição foi validada através da utilização do fluorímetro, analisando figuras de mérito como faixa linear de trabalho, precisão, exatidão, limites de quantificação e detecção, etc. O método por microdiluição foi aplicado ensaiando extratos, frações e metabólitos de plantas do cerrado. O estudo fitoquímico das folhas de C. sylvestris propiciou o isolamento de um sesquiterpeno tricíclico inédito na literatura, um flavonóide (catequina) e um diterpeno clerodânico que foi utilizado como marcador de referência para controle cromatográfico de qualidade de extratos e frações C sylvestris que foram submetidos a ensaios antimicrobianos.
8

The spotted cucumber beetle (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi):interactions with cucurbits and its status as a sweetpotato pest in Mississippi

Fleming, Daniel Edward 02 May 2009 (has links)
The spotted cucumber beetle (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Barber) is regarded as a pest of sweetpotatoes in Mississippi; however, its feeding on sweetpotatoes has not previously been documented. They are attracted to cucurbit crops that could be utilized as a trap crop or sentinel plant for management of cucumber beetles in sweetpotatoes. Studies were conducted between 2006 and 2008 to determine if cucurbit plants have the potential to serve as a trap crop or as sentinel plants for the spotted cucumber beetle in sweetpotato fields, and to determine the status of the spotted cucumber beetle as a sweetpotato pest in Mississippi. Cucurbit plants showed some potential to serve as a trap crop or sentinel plant for the spotted cucumber beetle, however, sweetpotato damage assumed to be caused by cucumber beetle larvae did not correlate with the number of adults captured. Spotted cucumber beetle larvae can feed and survive on sweetpotato roots.
9

Effects of conservation biological control practices on predatory arthropod assemblages and molecular identification of cucumber beetle biological control agents

Dieterich Mabin, Molly E. 10 August 2017 (has links)
No description available.
10

Influência da pressão atmosférica no comportamento sexual dos insetos / Influence of atmospheric pressure on the sexual behavior of insects

Pellegrino, Ana Cristina 29 November 2011 (has links)
Tempestades acompanhadas por diferentes combinações de ventos, chuvas, variações bruscas de temperatura e de radiação solar são manifestações climáticas frequentemente associadas com queda na pressão atmosférica. Para os insetos, especialmente os pequenos insetos, estas condições de mau tempo são desfavoráveis e podem acarretar alta mortalidade na sua população. Neste trabalho foi demonstrado que as mudanças na pressão atmosférica influenciaram várias atividades do comportamento sexual nos insetos em ao menos três ordens, representados por Pseudaletia unipuncta (Haworth) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) e Diabrotica speciosa (Germar) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Os parâmetros comportamentais observados foram: (i) Resposta de atração do macho ao feromônio sexual (para D. speciosa); (ii) comportamento de chamamento das fêmeas (para P. unipuncta e M. euphorbiae); e (iii) comportamento de cópula (para D. speciosa, P. unipuncta e M. euphorbiae). Estes parâmetros, por sua vez, foram analisados sob diferentes condições de pressão atmosférica no Brasil (Bra) e Canadá (Can). Levando-se em conta dados históricos nestes locais, foi definido como condições estáveis de pressão atmosférica variações de ±1,5mbar (Bra) e ±1,0mbar (Can); aumento de pressão variando de +2,0mbar (Bra) e +4,0mbar (Can); e queda de pressão variando de -2,0mbar (Bra) e -4,0mbar (Can), ao longo das seis horas anteriores a cada bioensaio. Os machos de D. speciosa responderam ativamente ao feromônio sexual em condições estáveis e de aumento da pressão atmosférica, porém permanecerem imóveis em condições de queda da pressão atmosférica. As fêmeas de P. unipuncta realizaram comportamento de chamamento sob condições estáveis e aumento da pressão atmosférica, reduzindo sensivelmente este comportamento quando houve queda da pressão atmosférica. As fêmeas de M. euphorbiae apresentaram comportamento de chamamento apenas em condições estáveis de pressão atmosférica, e permaneceram em repouso sob aumento e queda da pressão atmosférica. O comportamento de cópula em P. unipuncta e M. euphorbiae foi realizado preferencialmente sob condições estáveis de pressão atmosférica, e intensamente reduzidos em condições de queda e aumento de pressão atmosférica. Em D. speciosa, apesar dos casais terem realizado a cópula, independentemente das variações observadas de pressão atmosférica, o tempo investido e as sequências comportamentais durante essas cópulas foram encurtadas nas condições de queda da pressão atmosférica. Os resultados aqui apresentados demonstraram que o comportamento sexual dos insetos foi influenciado pelas variações da pressão atmosférica, e aparentemente, a percepção antecipada dessas variações teria um valor adaptativo importante, selecionando os indivíduos mais aptos, permitindo assim sua sobrevivência em razão das mudanças bruscas nas condições atmosféricas. / Storms accompanied by different combinations of wind, rain, sudden changes in temperature and solar radiation are climatic events often associated with decreasing atmospheric pressure. For insects, especially small insects, these weather conditions are unfavorable and can cause high mortality in a population. This study showed that changes in atmospheric pressure affected various activities of the sexual behavior in insects of at least three orders, represented by Pseudaletia unipuncta (Haworth) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and Diabrotica speciosa (Germar) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). The behavior parameters observed were: (i) male response to sex pheromone (for D. speciosa), (ii) calling behavior of females (for P. unipuncta and M. euphorbiae) and mating behavior (for D. speciosa, P. unipuncta and M. euphorbiae). These parameters were analyzed under different atmospheric pressure conditions in Brazil (Bra) and Canada (Can). According to historic data in these locations, the variations in atmospheric pressure were determined as stable when varying ±1,5mbar (Bra) and ±1,0mbar (Can); increasing when varying +2,0mbar (Bra) and +4,0mbar (Can) and decreasing when varying -2,0mbar (Bra) and -4,0mbar (Can), throughout six hours preceding each bioassay. D. speciosa males responded to the sex pheromone in stable and increasing atmospheric pressures, but remained still in decreasing atmospheric pressure. P. unipuncta females called under stable and increasing atmospheric pressures, and reduced its behavior considerably when there was a decrease in atmospheric pressure. M. euphorbiae females called only under stable atmospheric pressure, and remained still under increasing and decreasing atmospheric pressures. The mating behavior in P. unipuncta and M. euphorbiae occurred preferably under stable conditions, and was reduced in increasing and decreasing atmospheric pressures. D. speciosa, despite mating under variations in atmospheric pressure, invested less time and shortened the behavioral sequences under decreasing pressure. The results presented here demonstrated that the sexual behavior of insects was influenced by variations in atmospheric pressure and, apparently, the early perception of these changes may add an important adaptive value to them, since it selects those who respond to these conditions, allowing their survival under changes in climatic conditions.

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