Abstract This research is to explore the high school student potential misconceptions on evolution, based on the two-tier diagnostic test and diagnostic interview. Through a proper teaching design, the researcher has developed an untraditional teaching method. The effects of the untraditional teaching method and the traditional teaching method were compared. With the retest of two-tier diagnostic test, a survey was conducted to evaluate the students¡¦ achievement resulting from the teaching strategy designed by the researcher. The survey can also be consulted and used in the improvement of future teaching activities. This research adopted a Quasi-experimental research method. Data included the analysis of quantity and the description of quality. The research tool is a two-tier diagnostic questionable. The sample groups consist of two classes in the grade-10 and two classes in the grade-12 with 35 students in each class, taught by the researcher. The results of this research indicate that (1) in general , the students are in lack of the structural knowledge of evolution in their prior learning especially¡§the relationship between organism and organism¡¨and the concept of human selection; (2) the comparison of learning results brought about between the untraditional teaching method and traditional teaching method, apparently shows that the experimental group students are far better than the control group students in understanding the connection of evolutional concepts and the abundance of conceptive maps; (3) the difference of student learning process of the two teaching methods , compared by the quiz results on each unit, are not significantly different between the two groups of students; and (4) as far as the teaching of the concept of evolution is concerned, the improved teaching method design is appreciated by the experiment group students and is highly expected by the control group students.

The study examines to what degree well-documented present and life-time psychotic symptoms in a group of former psychiatric inpatients are ascertained when using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS). The Inpatient Multidimensional Psychiatric Scale (IMPS) and the Manual for the Assessment and Documentation of Psychopathology/Diagnostische Sichtlochkartei (AMDP/DiaSika) Interview-Checklist approach were used for the “clinical” evaluations of symptoms. The results indicate fair concordance between the two clinical approaches and the DIS with regard to the presence of any delusional or hallucination symptoms. Low to poor agreement was found in the assessment of many of the rather specific hallucinations and delusions. Generally, the concordance found was higher when compared to the more clinical AMDP/DiaSiKa approach than to the IMPS. More detailed comparisons with diagnostic subgroups of schizophrenic and schizoaffective patients substantiated the findings in the overall sample. Overall it was reconfirmed that the DIS approach is limited to those patients who are cooperative and at least partly remitted.

Background: Despite an abundance of questionnaire data, the prevalence of clinically significant and medically unexplained pain syndromes in the general population has rarely been examined with a rigid personal-interview methodology. Objective To examine the prevalence of pain syndromes and DSM-IV pain disorder in the general population and the association with other mental disorders, as well as effects on disability and health-care utilization. Methods: Analyses were based on a community sample of 4.181 participants 18–65 years old; diagnostic variables were assessed with a standardized diagnostic interview (M-CIDI). Results: The 12-month prevalence for DSM-IV pain disorder in the general population was 8.1%; more than 53% showed concurrent anxiety and mood disorders. Subjects with pain disorder revealed significantly poorer quality of life, greater disability, and higher health-care utilization rates compared to cases with pain below the diagnostic threshold. The majority had more than one type of pain, with excessive headache being the most frequent type. Conclusions: Even when stringent diagnostic criteria are used, pain disorder ranks among the most prevalent conditions in the community. The joint effects of high prevalence in all age groups, substantial disability, and increased health services utilization result in a substantial total burden, exceeding that of depression and anxiety.

The study examines to what degree well-documented present and life-time psychotic symptoms in a group of former psychiatric inpatients are ascertained when using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS). The Inpatient Multidimensional Psychiatric Scale (IMPS) and the Manual for the Assessment and Documentation of Psychopathology/Diagnostische Sichtlochkartei (AMDP/DiaSika) Interview-Checklist approach were used for the “clinical” evaluations of symptoms. The results indicate fair concordance between the two clinical approaches and the DIS with regard to the presence of any delusional or hallucination symptoms. Low to poor agreement was found in the assessment of many of the rather specific hallucinations and delusions. Generally, the concordance found was higher when compared to the more clinical AMDP/DiaSiKa approach than to the IMPS. More detailed comparisons with diagnostic subgroups of schizophrenic and schizoaffective patients substantiated the findings in the overall sample. Overall it was reconfirmed that the DIS approach is limited to those patients who are cooperative and at least partly remitted.

Untersuchung der Inanspruchnahme von psychosozialen Unterstützungsangeboten bei Krebspatienten. In einer multizentrischen Studie wurde untersucht, welche Unterstützungsangebote bevorzugt in Anspruch genommen werden und ob es hinsichtlich der Inanspruchnahme einen Geschlechterunterschied gibt. Außerdem wurden diverse andere Prädiktoren untersucht, die einen Einfluss auf die Inanspruchnahme haben können (z.B. Depressivität, psychische Störung, Alter, Bildungsstand). Zur Datenerhebung dienten Selbstbeurteilungsinstrumente in Form von Fragebögen und ein standardisiertes klinisches Interview (CIDI). / Analysis of cancer patients´desire for psychosocial support and identification of patients´sociodemographic and disease related factors (such as gender, age, depression, education) with the utilization of psychosocial interventions.

Die vorliegende Studie untersucht den Einsatz von Kurz-Screening-Instrumenten (bestehend aus dem PHQ-4, mit seinen beiden Untereinheiten dem GAD-2 und dem PHQ-2) hinsichtlich der Tauglichkeit für einen Routineeinsatz in Hausarztpraxen. Gescreent wurde auf das mögliche Vorliegen einer Angst- und/oder depressive Störungen mit anschließender Validitätsprüfung einer kleineren Stichprobe. Hinsichtlich der Validitätsprüfung konnte zwischen den CIDI- und den Screening-Ergebnissen eine gute Übereinstimmung ermittelt werden (prozentuale Über-einstimmung von 80,8% bei einem Cohen-Kappa von 0,62). Insgesamt betrachtet lässt sich mit einem vertretbaren Mehrbedarf an Zeit für nicht-ärztliche Mitarbeiter ein PHQ-4-Screening in einer Hausarztpraxis durchführen. Durch diese Maßnahme können - bei gleichzeitiger Entlastung des Arztes - wichtige Informationen für eine Krankheitserkennung und für eine ggf. notwendige Therapie gewonnen werden. Über einen Routineeinsatz von Kurz-Screenern in der primär-ärztlichen Versorgung sollte nachgedacht werden. / The present study investigates the use of short screening instruments (consisting of the PHQ-4, with its two subunits the GAD-2 and PHQ-2), regarding the suitability for routine use in primary care practices. It was screened for the possible presence of anxiety and / or depressive symptoms with a following validity check on a smaller unit. The accordance between CIDI and the screening-results could be rated as good (accordance percentage of 80.8% with a Cohens kappa of 0.62). The PHQ-4 leads to a need of more non-medical employees(more time needed), but overall is the PHQ-4 a pracitable instrument in the primary care. Through a routine use of short-Screenern in the primary health care should be considered.

Little is known about how psychotherapy patients perceive and evaluate computer-assisted diagnostic interviews for mental disorders. Using the World Health Organization's Composite International Diagnostic Interview in its computer-administered form, psychologists interviewed 236 psychotherapy patients, who evaluated the interview with regard to content, comprehensibility, and acceptance. More than 87% of patients evaluated the interview positively. Higher symptom severity and comorbidity, but not depression, were associated with a slightly lower but still favorable appraisal. The results indicate that the use of computerized clinical diagnostic interviews, previously usually restricted to research, seems to be a time-efficient, economical, and acceptable approach for the diagnostic phase of psychotherapy. The indications of diminished acceptability among multimorbid and severely disturbed patients warrant further study. Implications for quality assurance and practice research networks are discussed. / Wir wissen wenig darüber, wie Psychotherapiepatienten computergestützte Interviews für psychische Störungen erleben und bewerten. Trainierte Psychologen untersuchten 236 konsekutive Patienten einer Psychotherapieambulanz mit dem Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) in seiner computergestützen Version.. Danach beurteilten die befragten Patienten das Interview auf der Basis einer 15 Items umfassenden Liste hinsichtlich Inhalt, Verständlichkeit und Akzeptanz. 87% der Patienten bewerteten das Interview positiv, und gaben z.B. an froh zu sein, dass “die Befragung so genau und ausführlich war”. Größere Symptombelastung und höhere Komorbidität, nicht aber das Ausmaß an Depression, waren mit einer etwas schlechteren, absolut gesehen aber immer noch guten Bewertung des Interviews assoziiert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass computergestützte Interviews, die bisher fast nur im Forschungsbereich eingesetzt wurden, eine zeit- und kosteneffiziente sowie für den Patienten akzeptable Möglichkeit für die Eingangsdiagnostik psychotherapeutischer Behandlungen darstellen. Die Hinweise auf eine geringere Akzeptanz bei multi-morbiden und stärker beeinträchtigten Patienten sollten weiter untersucht werden. Implikationen für die Qualitätssicherung und Praxisforschungsnetzwerke werden diskutiert.

Little is known about how psychotherapy patients perceive and evaluate computer-assisted diagnostic interviews for mental disorders. Using the World Health Organization's Composite International Diagnostic Interview in its computer-administered form, psychologists interviewed 236 psychotherapy patients, who evaluated the interview with regard to content, comprehensibility, and acceptance. More than 87% of patients evaluated the interview positively. Higher symptom severity and comorbidity, but not depression, were associated with a slightly lower but still favorable appraisal. The results indicate that the use of computerized clinical diagnostic interviews, previously usually restricted to research, seems to be a time-efficient, economical, and acceptable approach for the diagnostic phase of psychotherapy. The indications of diminished acceptability among multimorbid and severely disturbed patients warrant further study. Implications for quality assurance and practice research networks are discussed. / Wir wissen wenig darüber, wie Psychotherapiepatienten computergestützte Interviews für psychische Störungen erleben und bewerten. Trainierte Psychologen untersuchten 236 konsekutive Patienten einer Psychotherapieambulanz mit dem Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) in seiner computergestützen Version.. Danach beurteilten die befragten Patienten das Interview auf der Basis einer 15 Items umfassenden Liste hinsichtlich Inhalt, Verständlichkeit und Akzeptanz. 87% der Patienten bewerteten das Interview positiv, und gaben z.B. an froh zu sein, dass “die Befragung so genau und ausführlich war”. Größere Symptombelastung und höhere Komorbidität, nicht aber das Ausmaß an Depression, waren mit einer etwas schlechteren, absolut gesehen aber immer noch guten Bewertung des Interviews assoziiert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass computergestützte Interviews, die bisher fast nur im Forschungsbereich eingesetzt wurden, eine zeit- und kosteneffiziente sowie für den Patienten akzeptable Möglichkeit für die Eingangsdiagnostik psychotherapeutischer Behandlungen darstellen. Die Hinweise auf eine geringere Akzeptanz bei multi-morbiden und stärker beeinträchtigten Patienten sollten weiter untersucht werden. Implikationen für die Qualitätssicherung und Praxisforschungsnetzwerke werden diskutiert.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:40:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Daniel de Sousa Filho.pdf: 797124 bytes, checksum: b6136c0e2a983cf0eaad975c2f8445b7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-06 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Background: Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are developmental disorders characterized by qualitative impairment in reciprocal social interaction, language and communication and restricted, repetitive, and stereotyped patterns of behavior, interests, and activities and they are defined based on standardized clinical criteria as such those from international manuals as ICD and DSM, or based on clinical tools, mainly the semi-structured interviews, such as the Autism Diagnostic Interview- Revised (ADI-R), a recognized gold standard diagnostic tool for ASD. This interview was recently translated into brazilian Portuguese, and it was preliminarily validated for this language. However, this process has been occurred with a small sample in a specific state of Brazil. Besides, other validity evidences, as convergent validity were not explored in this study. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the Convergent Validity between the Brazilian version of the ADI-R and a screening tool Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC). Method: For this study, 20 parents or caregivers of children and teens diagnosed with ASD were recruited from the Presbyterian Mackenzie University ASD Clinic, and from the Federal of São Paulo State University Social Cognition Clinic. The children were submitted to a clinical multidisciplinary evaluation, and neuropsychological evaluation that also consisted on application of the ABC. Another researcher, a Child Psychiatrist with expertise on ASD was previously trained and allowed for conducting and codificating the ADI-R. Results: The age of the probands has ranged between 6 and 19 years old, 90% of them were male. The correlations between both the tools, using the Pearson coefficient were mostly positive, and they have ranged between average to high with statistical significance., considering the 3 mains domains of the ADI-R and the five main domains of the ABC. Conclusions: Evidence of convergent validity was found when comparing ADI-R results with ABC/ICA. / Introdução: Os Transtornos do Espectro do Autismo (TEA) são transtornos do desenvolvimento caracterizados por prejuízos qualitativos na interação social recíproca, comunicação e linguagem e pela presença de padrões de comportamentos estereotipados, restritos e repetitivos e sua caracterização se faz a partir de critérios clínicos definidos e padronizados por classificações internacionais como as da CID ou DSM ou por instrumentos, principalmente as entrevistas, como a Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R), instrumento considerado pela literatura padrão-ouro para diagnóstico de TEA e que recentemente foi traduzido e preliminarmente validado para o português brasileiro. Entretanto, tal processo ocorreu com uma amostra reduzida e numa região específica do Brasil, assim como outras evidências de validade do instrumento tais como validade convergente não foram exploradas. Objetivo: Investigar evidências de validade de convergente entre a versão brasileira da entrevista diagnóstica ADI-R e os instrumento de triagem Inventário de Comportamentos Autísticos (ICA). Método: Foram selecionados 20 pais e/ou cuidadores de 20 sujeitos a partir da Clínica de TEA da Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie e da Universidade Federal de São Paulo. Os sujeitos foram submetidos à avaliação clínica multidisciplinar médica e neuropsicológica a qual incluía a aplicação do ICA. Um outro avaliador, psiquiatra da Infância e Adolescência com experiência em TEA e habilitado a aplicar a ADI-R foi responsável pela aplicação e codificação da entrevista. Resultados: A idade dos sujeitos variou de 6 a 19 anos, com média de 10,1. Desses, 90% eram do sexo masculino. Os coeficientes de correlação de Pearson entre os 3 domínios da ADI-R (comunicação, interação social e comportamentos restritos) entre si e destes com o e os do ICA (escrever todos), foram moderados e altos, positivos e a maioria com significância estatística. Conclusões: Evidências de Validade Convergente foram encontradas, comparando-se a ADI-R com o ABC/ICA.

Background: Despite an abundance of questionnaire data, the prevalence of clinically significant and medically unexplained pain syndromes in the general population has rarely been examined with a rigid personal-interview methodology. Objective To examine the prevalence of pain syndromes and DSM-IV pain disorder in the general population and the association with other mental disorders, as well as effects on disability and health-care utilization. Methods: Analyses were based on a community sample of 4.181 participants 18–65 years old; diagnostic variables were assessed with a standardized diagnostic interview (M-CIDI). Results: The 12-month prevalence for DSM-IV pain disorder in the general population was 8.1%; more than 53% showed concurrent anxiety and mood disorders. Subjects with pain disorder revealed significantly poorer quality of life, greater disability, and higher health-care utilization rates compared to cases with pain below the diagnostic threshold. The majority had more than one type of pain, with excessive headache being the most frequent type. Conclusions: Even when stringent diagnostic criteria are used, pain disorder ranks among the most prevalent conditions in the community. The joint effects of high prevalence in all age groups, substantial disability, and increased health services utilization result in a substantial total burden, exceeding that of depression and anxiety.