Currently infertility affects 10 to 15 percent of couples. In nearly 50% of all cases male factor contributes to infertility of the couple. Majority of causes of male infertility remains unexplained. For this reason, finding simple and clinically usefµl tools for improving male infertility diagnostics can be important at present. Based on the analysis of sperm transcriptome, in this diploma thesis we aimed to find genes that show differential expression between normal and pathological sperm, this could provide information about molecular basis of male infertility, moreover, expression profile of such genes in sperm could be employed for noninvasive diagnosis of male infertility. This study was conducted by using 67 sperm samples, including 16 control sperm samples from fertile men. The samples of infertile patients were divided into 3 groups according to morphology and motility using results of standard sperm evaluation according to WHO. First group included 20 patients diagnosed with astenoteratozoospermia (low sperm motility and abnormal morphology), second group was 15 patients diagnosed with asthenozoospermia (normal morphology and low sperm motility), the third group comprised 16 samples from infertile patients with normal spermiogram. 16 control samples were from fertile men (conception of...

Periodontitis is a multifactorial inflammatory disease which can result in a complete loss of teeth. Its main cause is the accumulation of bacteria from the dental plaque followed by massive reaction of the host immune system. It was proved that the composition of oral microbiome (OM) differs in periodontally healthy individuals and patients with periodontitis. This work aims to solve specific parts of the long-term project concerning the taxonomic composition of the OM of periodontally healthy individuals and patients with chronic and aggressive form of the disease. The OM was characterized based on 16s rDNA sequencing. It is evident from the results that the shift in the OM composition occurs prior the development of clincal signs of the disease and that the precise dental care can significantly postpone or even avoid the onset of the disease. When comparing the OM composition in individuals with chronic and aggressive periodontitis, no remarkable differences were detected to explain the faster progress of the aggressive form of the disease. This work also aimed to compare the results obtained by 454 pyrosequencing and Illumina. Both sequencing methods were found to provide statistically comparable results. Illumina MiSeq thus can be employed to build on the former results of the long-term study...

Will specificic failures of learning influence individual´s journey throught his life? In my work I deal with problems of living with dyslexia. How the specific learning difficulties will affect an individual's life. The main aim of my thesis is to examine how specific learning disability affects personal and educational development of the individual. The goals of my work are: to determine approach of the parents to the child with specific learning difficulties, approach of teachers at the primary school, high school or university. Recording of feelings from childhood to the present. Explore possibilities of applying on the job market, comparison with individuals who do not suffer from disorder. Find out how the specific learning difficulties affected individuals. The theoretical part of the thesis deals with the characteristics specific learning difficulties, their causes, manifestations of classification learning difficulties, dyslexia diagnostics, educational diagnosis, dyslexia, its symptoms in adulthood and reeducation of dyslexia. In the practical part I will examine how learning difficulties affect individual lives from the beginning of education to adulthood. The research sample will consist of adults with learning difficulties in anamneses and without anamneses. Basic methods will be questioning and interview. The practical part of my work is based on the theoretical part.

This thesis provides an overview of how students identified as having learning disabilities prepare for school at home. The thesis is divided into two parts: theoretical and practical. The theoretical part is focused on the general terms, which are related to the general learning disabilities, their aetiology and manifestations of each single specific learning disability. Furthermore, it deals with counselling support to parents and their children with learning disabilities, the diagnostics and the re-education of specific learning disabilities. The theoretical part also contains the concept how to work with these students at home and the importance of parent participation. This part is also focused on the psycho hygienic possibilities and methodology of home-preparation of the children with learning difficulties. The main objective of the practical part was to find out how children with learning disabilities prepare for school at home. The quantitative method of investigation was used in this research.

The thesis titled A Survey of Pupils' Reading Abilities in the Second Years of Primary School focuses on reading the incidence of the most common deficiencies in initial reading. The thesis is divided into a theoretical part and a research part. The theoretical part deals with reading in terms of the education system, acqua-ints us with the physiological and psychological processes in reading, mentions the his-torical and current methods of teaching reading, types and quality of reading, stage of development of reading skills, reading deficiencies, wrong reading habits and describes working with lagging readers. The research part is devoted to the research, its implementation and evaluation. The main goal is to find out what makes beginning readers the most problems and what the overall level of reading skills, of students of 2nd year, is. The research part mainly interprets the recording of reading performance.

Development of grafomotoric skills of children in the special class established for health affected pupils and children in the normal class at elementary school. Graphomotorics is the whole spectrum of psychomotorical activities which one does while writing. Professional recognition of graphomotorical defects which result from deviations in the evolution of fine motorics can be confirmed only by experienced specialists. Children with these defects must be regularly involved in fun activities such as manual works with various materials. Intensive repetition of motorics and graphomotorics lead to essential improvement of graphomotorical skills. Boys are approximately three times more affected by a specific learning defects than girls. All of the research is based on quantitative type of investigation. The foundations of research were obtained from questionnaire and anamneses of children and also from dialogue with the class teacher. The parents and teachers of 2nd and 3rd class of elementary school in the town of Vseruby were asked. Information about children from the specialized class was obtained in cooperation with an employee of Pedagogical & Psychological Institute. The observed set of children consisted of 24 children from 2nd and 21 children from 3rd class of an ordinary elementary school and also15 children from 2nd and 10 children from 3rd specialized class for affected pupils. The main objective of the theoretical part of the research was to summarize the state of the art. The main objective of the practical part of the research was the comparison of graphomotorical behavior of children attending ordinary and specialized classes. Two hypothesis were set up at the beginning of research. The results the of research were compared to these hypotheses and summarized in the conclusion.

The aim of this dissertation was firstly to review and analyze an effectiveness of a current marketing strategy within the selected company FCD s.r.o. in Kosmonosy by Mladá Boleslav and secondly to try to find and suggest an own solution in order to improve the marketing area. The company runs a business in very specific area of car diagnostic consulting. In the first part of this work you can find an analyses of the current stage of marketing activities. The company which entered the market in 2005 has already gained the respect of many respected authorities for its quality and wide range of provided services. The strenghts of the company are by my opinion primarily in very good functioning, interesting vision and clever strategy of the company. Very good example of all this is functioning of the FCD s.r.o.` s portal which is by my personal view perfectly timed. On the other hand I find the level of the marketing activities (and marketing functioning at all) as very unsatisfying, mostly due to a lack of marketing planning. It is also quite obvious that the company has very big reserves in marketing research and uses a wrong horizontal communication within the company. As far as a second part of the project is concerned there has been suggested an own alternative way of handling the marketing activities. There have been suggested some changes in following areas: 1. It is an absolute necessity to elaborate a marketing plan of the company 2. It is necessary to name a person who will be in charge of the marketing activities of the company 3. To improve marketing information system (starting from more effective data collection) 4. To improve horizontal communication within the company 5. To improve company{\crq} s Intranet and it{\crq} s usage by individual employees in order to expand an awareness of marketing and marketing activities across the whole company

The thesis focused on specific learning disabilities.

The thesis called ?A child at primary school suffering from a learning disability from a teacher´s point of view? is focused on scrutinizing this issue and looking at how the teachers deal with these children in real everyday classwork. The basic research questions are: ?What is a general attitude of primary school teachers to learning disabilities? How do they deal with children suffering learning disabilities during the classwork with a regard to their personal attitudes to this problem? ?

This thesis in its theoretical part summarizes international knowledge of the problematics of expert systems and their application in automotive diagnostics. In the practical part it solves the methodology and selection of appropriate expert system for the development of diagnostic application. This issue is further elaborated by the methodology of an expert´s knowledge transfer into the knowledge database and creating application for its use within the Windows, Web and Android platforms. Beside the working out the product itself it also provides instructions for others who are interested in preparing similar applications and topic for the future development of the already prepared tool.