Este trabalho aborda a efetiva utilização de técnicas diagramáticas para o desenvolvimento de software orientado a objetos durante as fases de análise e projeto de sistemas. Durante o desenvolvimento de software normalmente as especificações resultantes das fases de análise e projeto possuem uma forma gráfica. A utilização de diagramas no desenvolvimento de software busca facilitar a criação de especificações de um sistema e ao mesmo tempo torná-las mais compreensíveis. A grande maioria das técnicas diagramáticas que existem atualmente são utilizadas para o apoio ao desenvolvimento de software segundo metodologias fundamentadas no paradigma tradicional de decomposição funcional. Diversas técnicas diagramáticas foram criadas ou adaptadas a fim de suportar os conceitos deste paradigma, acompanhando a própria evolução do mesmo. Neste contexto, são apresentadas as características básicas de técnicas diagramáticas tradicionais que apoiam a este paradigma. A partir da introdução dos conceitos de orientação a objetos no desenvolvimento de software, surge a necessidade de criação de novas técnicas diagramáticas ou adaptação de técnicas diagramáticas tradicionais para o suporte adequado ao desenvolvimento de sistemas sob este paradigma. Neste contexto, são abordados os conceitos envolvidos na orientação a objetos e apresentados os aspectos diferenciais no desenvolvimento de software decorrentes da utilização deste paradigma em contraposição aos paradigmas tradicionais. São também apresentadas as tarefas específicas realizadas durante o desenvolvimento de software, nas fases de análise e projeto, que estão inseridas no ciclo de vida de um software orientado a objetos. É proposto um conjunto de notações diagramáticas inter-relacionadas adequado ao apoio de um esquema de etapas básicas para o desenvolvimento de software orientado a objetos, bem como as metodologias já existentes. Durante a descrição destas notações diagramáticas, são apresentadas as suas características individuais, adaptações realizadas para o suporte a orientação a objetos, suas aplicações específicas no desenvolvimento de sistemas e o inter-relacionamento existente. Finalmente, são definidas as características de recursos e facilidades específicas para o apoio às notações propostas. Dentro dos recursos sugeridos inclui-se a definição da implementação de um editor diagramático que é descrito através das notações sugeridas neste trabalho. / This work tackles the effective use of diagramming techniques for object-oriented software development during analysis and design phases. During software development the specifications produced by analysis and design usually take a graphical form. The use of diagrams in software development occurs because designers and analysts like to express themselves that way to turn the specifications more understandable. Most of diagramming techniques in use nowadays support software development following methodologies based on the conventional functional decomposition paradigm. Various diagramming techniques were created or adapted in order to support the concepts of this paradigm, following its own evolution. With the introduction of object-oriented concepts new diagramming techniques were created or adapted from conventional methodologies. This work introduces the concepts of object orientation, as well as, the changes originated from the use of this paradigm in software development. Specific steps related to the analysis and design stages in the object-oriented software life cycle are also presented. A set of interrelated diagramming techniques for supporting object-oriented software development is presented. A set of interrelated diagramming techniques for supporting object-oriented software development is presented. The description of these diagramming techniques includes new features, discussion of adaptations for object-oriented techniques, specific applications and uses, and their integration. Finally, the features of specific resources and facilities for supporting the proposed notations are defined. The description of the implementation of a diagrammatic editor, using the notations presented in this work, is included.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-08-08Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:42:47Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 costa_mm_dr_jabo.pdf: 539143 bytes, checksum: 38e4165c8bd5de4a8cf35184bd7ea3a7 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / A seleção assistida por marcadores moleculares têm contribuído com os estudos para o desenvolvimento de cultivares resistentes. Os ganhos mais evidentes podem ocorrer em doenças como a ferrugem asiática da soja, onde a alta variabilidade do patógeno e a busca por novas fontes de resistência têm dificultado o sucesso dos melhoristas. Assim, os objetivos deste trabalho foram estudar a herança da resistência à ferrugem em diferentes fontes e desenvolver marcadores SCAR ligados a um loco de resistência para seleção assistida. Populações F2 oriundas dos cruzamentos PI 459025 x CD 208 (1), PI 200526 x CD 205 (2), PI 200456 x Conquista (3) e GC 84058-21-4 x IAC Foscarin 31 (4) foram submetidas à inoculação com a ferrugem e avaliadas quanto ao tipo de lesão (RB – resistente ou TAN – suscetível). O teste de Qui-quadrado indicou a presença de um gene dominante para os cruzamentos 1 e 2, enquanto no 3 e 4 observou-se a presença de um gene recessivo. A análise multivariada agrupou os genótipos mais similares, com base nos caracteres severidade da doença, número de vagens, número de sementes e ciclo, avaliados nos cruzamentos 2 a 4. Diferenças significativas foram encontradas em número de lesões e esporulação para genótipos RB e TAN. Dois bulks de DNA foram obtidos de plantas homozigotas resistentes e suscetíveis no cruzamento 1, para a análise de BSA. Dos 600 iniciadores RAPD testados, três foram discriminativos e localizam-se a 4,5, 6,2 e 10,2 cM do loco de resistência, em fase de repulsão. Um desses marcadores foi convertido a SCAR e se manteve discriminativo, podendo ser indicado para seleção assistida de genótipos resistentes com a mesma fonte. / Assisted selection by molecular markers has contributed to development studies of resistant cultivars. The most evident gains may occur for diseases like the Asian soybean rust, where the high variability of pathogen and the search for new resistance sources has difficult the breeder success. Thus, the aims of this work were to study the rust resistance inheritance in different sources and develop SCAR markers linked to a rust resistance locus for assisted selection. F2 populations from crosses PI 459025 x CD 208 (1), PI 200526 x CD 205 (2), PI 200456 x Conquista (3) and GC 84058-21-4 x IAC Foscarin 31 (4) were submitted to rust inoculation and evaluated by the lesion type reaction (RB – resistant or TAN – susceptible). Chi-square test indicated the presence of a single dominant gene for crosses 1 and 2, whereas the 3 and 4 crosses showed a single recessive gene. Multivariate analysis has grouped the most similar genotypes based on disease severity, number of pods, number of seeds and cycle for 2 to 4 crosses. Significant differences were observed in lesions number and sporulation rate for RB and TAN genotypes. Two DNA bulks were obtained, for BSA analysis, on cross 1, from resistant and susceptible homozygous plants. From the 600 tested RAPD primers, three of them were discriminative and located in repulsion phase at 4.5, 6.2 and 10.2 cM from the resistance locus. One of the RAPD markers was converted to SCAR and confirmed its discriminative nature. So it can be indicated for assisted selection of genotypes with the same resistance source.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-03-04Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:46:30Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 celoto_mib_dr_ilha.pdf: 2236478 bytes, checksum: fe75a04fbb8e850c1386270aaffe5f0e (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Na região de Junqueirópolis, SP, a mancha alvo (Corynespora cassiicola) é a principal doença que vem ocorrendo na cultura da acerola, causando intensa desfolha. Devido a falta de estudos sobre esse patossistema e as dificuldades para a adequação de produtos químicos para uso nesta cultura, os objetivos do presente trabalho foram: 1 – elaborar e validar uma escala diagramática para quantificação da mancha alvo; 2 – avaliar o efeito in vitro da temperatura no crescimento micelial e na germinação de esporos de C. cassiicola e a influência da temperatura e da duração do período de molhamento foliar no desenvolvimento da mancha alvo em mudas de acerola, mantidas em condições de câmara de crescimento; 3 – avaliar o efeito in vitro e in vivo das caldas sulfocálcica, bordalesa e Viçosa sobre C. cassiicola; 4 – avaliar o efeito in vitro de produtos químicos sobre C. cassiicola e no controle da mancha alvo da acerola no campo; 5 – determinar o efeito da poda no controle da mancha alvo e na produção da acerola. A escala diagramática proposta proporcionou bons níveis de acurácia e precisão, mostrando-se adequada para as avaliações da severidade da mancha alvo. As temperaturas ótimas estimadas para o crescimento micelial e a germinação de esporos de C. cassiicola foram de 26,1 e 27,8oC, respectivamente. Para que a infecção ocorra é necessário pelo menos 12h de molhamento foliar. O estabelecimento da mancha alvo ocorre na faixa de 20 a 30oC. As caldas sulfocálcica, bordalesa e Viçosa presentes na superfície das folhas de acerola e in vitro inviabilizaram os esporos de C. cassiicola. Assim, o uso das caldas, na cultura da acerola, pode contribuir na redução de fontes de inóculo do patógeno. Tebuconazole, carbendazim, epoxiconazole + piraclostrobina, DDAC, Nutriphite P + K e Ecolife® apresentaram efeito fungitóxico sobre C. cassiicola in vitro... / In Junqueirópolis, SP, the target spot (Corynespora cassiicola), main leaf disease occurred in barbados cherry, causing intense defoliate. Because few studies about this pathosystem and difficulties for adaptation of chemical products in barbados cherry, the objectives of the work were: 1 – elaborate and validate a diagrammatic scale to quantification of target spot; 2 – effect in vitro of temperature on mycelial growth and spores germination of C. cassiicola and the influence of temperature and the duration of leaf wetness in the development of target spot on seedling of barbados cherry in growthing chamber; 3 – effect in vitro and in vivo of line sulfhur, bordeaux mixture and ‘calda Viçosa’ on C. cassiicola; 4 – effect in vitro of chemical products on C. cassiicola and in the control of target spot of barbados cherry in field condition; 5 – effect of pruning in the control of target spot and production of barbados cherry. The scale provided good levels of accuracy and precision proved to be adequate for severity assessments of target spot of barbados cherry. The estimated maximum temperatures for mycelia growth and for spores germination of C. cassiicola were 26,1oC and 27,8oC, respectively. The presence of free water on the surface of barbados cherry leaves was necessary for the development of target spot, being necessary at least 12h of leaf wetness to infection happened. In the development of lesions of target spot in barbados cherry seedlings, occurs in the range 20 to 30oC. Line sulfhur, Bordeaux mixture and ‘calda Viçosa’ in surface of leaves barbados cherry and in vitro unviability the spores of C. cassiicola. For the reasons, the use of the syrups, in the culture of the acerola, it can contribute in the reduction of sources of inoculum of the pathogen. Tebuconazol, carbendazin, epoxiconazol + piraclostrobin, DDAC, Nutriphite... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Este trabalho aborda a efetiva utilização de técnicas diagramáticas para o desenvolvimento de software orientado a objetos durante as fases de análise e projeto de sistemas. Durante o desenvolvimento de software normalmente as especificações resultantes das fases de análise e projeto possuem uma forma gráfica. A utilização de diagramas no desenvolvimento de software busca facilitar a criação de especificações de um sistema e ao mesmo tempo torná-las mais compreensíveis. A grande maioria das técnicas diagramáticas que existem atualmente são utilizadas para o apoio ao desenvolvimento de software segundo metodologias fundamentadas no paradigma tradicional de decomposição funcional. Diversas técnicas diagramáticas foram criadas ou adaptadas a fim de suportar os conceitos deste paradigma, acompanhando a própria evolução do mesmo. Neste contexto, são apresentadas as características básicas de técnicas diagramáticas tradicionais que apoiam a este paradigma. A partir da introdução dos conceitos de orientação a objetos no desenvolvimento de software, surge a necessidade de criação de novas técnicas diagramáticas ou adaptação de técnicas diagramáticas tradicionais para o suporte adequado ao desenvolvimento de sistemas sob este paradigma. Neste contexto, são abordados os conceitos envolvidos na orientação a objetos e apresentados os aspectos diferenciais no desenvolvimento de software decorrentes da utilização deste paradigma em contraposição aos paradigmas tradicionais. São também apresentadas as tarefas específicas realizadas durante o desenvolvimento de software, nas fases de análise e projeto, que estão inseridas no ciclo de vida de um software orientado a objetos. É proposto um conjunto de notações diagramáticas inter-relacionadas adequado ao apoio de um esquema de etapas básicas para o desenvolvimento de software orientado a objetos, bem como as metodologias já existentes. Durante a descrição destas notações diagramáticas, são apresentadas as suas características individuais, adaptações realizadas para o suporte a orientação a objetos, suas aplicações específicas no desenvolvimento de sistemas e o inter-relacionamento existente. Finalmente, são definidas as características de recursos e facilidades específicas para o apoio às notações propostas. Dentro dos recursos sugeridos inclui-se a definição da implementação de um editor diagramático que é descrito através das notações sugeridas neste trabalho. / This work tackles the effective use of diagramming techniques for object-oriented software development during analysis and design phases. During software development the specifications produced by analysis and design usually take a graphical form. The use of diagrams in software development occurs because designers and analysts like to express themselves that way to turn the specifications more understandable. Most of diagramming techniques in use nowadays support software development following methodologies based on the conventional functional decomposition paradigm. Various diagramming techniques were created or adapted in order to support the concepts of this paradigm, following its own evolution. With the introduction of object-oriented concepts new diagramming techniques were created or adapted from conventional methodologies. This work introduces the concepts of object orientation, as well as, the changes originated from the use of this paradigm in software development. Specific steps related to the analysis and design stages in the object-oriented software life cycle are also presented. A set of interrelated diagramming techniques for supporting object-oriented software development is presented. A set of interrelated diagramming techniques for supporting object-oriented software development is presented. The description of these diagramming techniques includes new features, discussion of adaptations for object-oriented techniques, specific applications and uses, and their integration. Finally, the features of specific resources and facilities for supporting the proposed notations are defined. The description of the implementation of a diagrammatic editor, using the notations presented in this work, is included.

Orientador: Marli de Fátima Stradioto Papa / Banca: Luiz de Souza Corrêa / Banca: Aparecida Conceição Boliani / Banca: César Júnior Bueno / Banca: Marise Cagnin Martins Parisi / Resumo: Na região de Junqueirópolis, SP, a mancha alvo (Corynespora cassiicola) é a principal doença que vem ocorrendo na cultura da acerola, causando intensa desfolha. Devido a falta de estudos sobre esse patossistema e as dificuldades para a adequação de produtos químicos para uso nesta cultura, os objetivos do presente trabalho foram: 1 - elaborar e validar uma escala diagramática para quantificação da mancha alvo; 2 - avaliar o efeito in vitro da temperatura no crescimento micelial e na germinação de esporos de C. cassiicola e a influência da temperatura e da duração do período de molhamento foliar no desenvolvimento da mancha alvo em mudas de acerola, mantidas em condições de câmara de crescimento; 3 - avaliar o efeito in vitro e in vivo das caldas sulfocálcica, bordalesa e Viçosa sobre C. cassiicola; 4 - avaliar o efeito in vitro de produtos químicos sobre C. cassiicola e no controle da mancha alvo da acerola no campo; 5 - determinar o efeito da poda no controle da mancha alvo e na produção da acerola. A escala diagramática proposta proporcionou bons níveis de acurácia e precisão, mostrando-se adequada para as avaliações da severidade da mancha alvo. As temperaturas ótimas estimadas para o crescimento micelial e a germinação de esporos de C. cassiicola foram de 26,1 e 27,8oC, respectivamente. Para que a infecção ocorra é necessário pelo menos 12h de molhamento foliar. O estabelecimento da mancha alvo ocorre na faixa de 20 a 30oC. As caldas sulfocálcica, bordalesa e Viçosa presentes na superfície das folhas de acerola e in vitro inviabilizaram os esporos de C. cassiicola. Assim, o uso das caldas, na cultura da acerola, pode contribuir na redução de fontes de inóculo do patógeno. Tebuconazole, carbendazim, epoxiconazole + piraclostrobina, DDAC, Nutriphite P + K e Ecolife® apresentaram efeito fungitóxico sobre C. cassiicola in vitro... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: In Junqueirópolis, SP, the target spot (Corynespora cassiicola), main leaf disease occurred in barbados cherry, causing intense defoliate. Because few studies about this pathosystem and difficulties for adaptation of chemical products in barbados cherry, the objectives of the work were: 1 - elaborate and validate a diagrammatic scale to quantification of target spot; 2 - effect in vitro of temperature on mycelial growth and spores germination of C. cassiicola and the influence of temperature and the duration of leaf wetness in the development of target spot on seedling of barbados cherry in growthing chamber; 3 - effect in vitro and in vivo of line sulfhur, bordeaux mixture and 'calda Viçosa' on C. cassiicola; 4 - effect in vitro of chemical products on C. cassiicola and in the control of target spot of barbados cherry in field condition; 5 - effect of pruning in the control of target spot and production of barbados cherry. The scale provided good levels of accuracy and precision proved to be adequate for severity assessments of target spot of barbados cherry. The estimated maximum temperatures for mycelia growth and for spores germination of C. cassiicola were 26,1oC and 27,8oC, respectively. The presence of free water on the surface of barbados cherry leaves was necessary for the development of target spot, being necessary at least 12h of leaf wetness to infection happened. In the development of lesions of target spot in barbados cherry seedlings, occurs in the range 20 to 30oC. Line sulfhur, Bordeaux mixture and 'calda Viçosa' in surface of leaves barbados cherry and in vitro unviability the spores of C. cassiicola. For the reasons, the use of the syrups, in the culture of the acerola, it can contribute in the reduction of sources of inoculum of the pathogen. Tebuconazol, carbendazin, epoxiconazol + piraclostrobin, DDAC, Nutriphite... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Ce mémoire présente l’application de la méthode de décomposition en termes de diagrammes aux désintégrations de mésons B vers trois mésons de type pseudos- calaire ne comportant pas de quarks charmés. La décomposition diagrammatique des désintégrations de types B → Kππ, B → KKK ̄, B → KK ̄π et B → πππ est effectuée de façon systématique. Il est démontré que lorsque l’on néglige les dia- grammes d’échanges et d’annihilations, dont les contributions sont estimées être petites, de nouvelles relations apparaissent entre les amplitudes. Ces relations sont de nouveaux tests du modèle standard qui ne peuvent être obtenus que par la méthode diagrammatique. Lorsque les données nécessaires sont disponibles, nous vérifions ces relations et obtenons un bon accord avec les données expérimentales. Nous démontrons également qu’il est possible d’utiliser le secteur B → Kππ pour mesurer la phase faible γ avec une incertitude théorique que nous estimons être de l’ordre de 5%. Les autres secteurs de désintégrations ne permettent d’extraire des phases faibles que si l’on invoque des approximations de précisions inconnues. / This Master’s thesis presents the application of the method of decomposition in terms of diagrams to the charmless decays of B mesons to three pseudoscalar particles. We systematically apply the diagrammatic method to the decays B → Kππ, B → KKK ̄, B → KK ̄π and B → πππ. It is shown that when we neglect exchange and annihilation diagrams, whose contributions have been estimated to be small, new relations appear between the decay amplitudes. These relations constitute new tests of the standard model that can only be obtained through the diagrammatic method. When the necessary data is available, we verify these relations and obtain a good agreement with the experimental results. We also show that it is possible use observables in the B → Kππ sector to measure the weak phase γ with a theoretical uncertainty of the order of 5%. Other decay sectors can only allow the extraction of weak phases through the use of approximations of unknown precision.

Den Namen »Büro« leitet die vorliegende Arbeit von den Überresten der Sumpfpflanze »eriophorum angustifolium« her, die auch Burra genannt wird. Im Mittelalter wurden aus den verwesten Fasern dieser Pflanze Rechentücher gewebt. Ausgehend von den Techniken und Praktiken der Buchhaltung und des Rechnens liegt der Schwerpunkt dieser Arbeit auf einer Geschichte der Routinen. Im ersten Teil leitet die Autorin die Techniken des deduktiven Beweisens von der Erfindung der ebenen Fläche ab. Mit den Techniken des Zeigens und Verweisens beschreibt sie die Anfänge der Abstraktion. Ein zweiter Teil wendet sich den Operationen der euklidischen Fläche zu. Ausgehend von der Etymologie der römischen Zahl X werden die Anfänge der Büroroutinen in den Operationen des Dezimierens, Abschlagens und in der Durchkreuzung gesucht. Mit ihnen konzentriert sich die Autorin auf die Techniken des Löschens und der Frage, wie man Zeichen in und auf der Fläche bewegen kann. Routinen werden als kleine Routen auf der Fläche aufgefasst, ihre Anfänge in den frühen Multiplikationsverfahren, einer Wissensgeschichte des Multiplikationszeichen X, in dem Zeilenvorschub und der doppelten Anschreibung der Posten in der doppelten Buchhaltung gesucht, die Luca Pacioli mit zwei gekreuzten Linien testiert. Das vorliegende Buch legt den Schwerpunkt auf die Kulturtechniken von Bild, Schrift und Zahl und kommt zu dem Schluss, dass das Büro im frühen 13. Jahrhundert ein neues operationales Wissen einführt. Es ist ein Ort, der der Gedächtniskultur der Erinnerung und Wiederholung ein Wissen der konstanten Zirkulation und Veränderung entgegensetzt. / The author traces the words »bureau« and »bureaucracy« back to the relics of eriophorum angustifolium, i.e. a marsh plant, that is also known under the colloquial name of »burra«. In the Middle Ages this plant was used as raw material for a portable abacus made of chunk wool. Starting from practices of counting and calculating this dissertation explores routines of office work. In the first part (A) the author argues that the practices and technics of diagrammatic reasoning depend on the invention of the plane surface. By exploring the routines of pointing and referring this part deals with the beginnings of abstraction. The second part (B), a media history of routines, takes a closer look at those operations that were performed on the plane surface. Starting from the etymology of the numeral X that the Romans used for operations of foiling and decimating, the author finds the origins of bureaucratic routines in techniques of erasure. Based on the thesis that routines are small routes on plane surfaces the author identifies the beginnings of bureaucratic operations in early multiplication algorithms, the operation sign x, and finally in the cancelling of posts in early double-entry bookkeeping. Thus, the second part of the dissertation closely relates the history of writing, spelling and accounting to the technics of erasing. By analysing the operations of writing, drawing and counting the author comes to the conclusion, that at the beginning of the 13th century the office is a place of new operational knowledge – it confronts a static memory culture of repetition and remembering with a mobile culture of circulation and constant change.

Les crises des dernières décennies montrent l’entrelacement entre matérialités, humains et technologies. Malgré les 3RV-E (réduire, réemployer, recycler, valoriser, éliminer), les matières résiduelles ne cessent d’augmenter. Cette thèse de recherche-création médiatique est un questionnement sur l’expérimentation artistique et technologique avec les matières résiduelles, comme engagement esthétique-politique. La thèse s’attarde à ce qui se crée avec les traitements des eaux usées, le lieu d’enfouissement technique de déchets, ainsi que la pollution atmosphérique et électromagnétique. J’analyse comment ces opérations retentissent au cœur même de la production des œuvres réalisées depuis 2006 par ma cellule de recherche artistique Ælab, cofondée en 1996 avec le compositeur Stéphane Claude. Mes alliés philosophiques principaux sont Joselita Ciaravino, Gilles Deleuze, Félix Guattari, Brian Massumi, Gilbert Simondon et Isabelle Stengers. Ciaravino discute d’un 3e ordre du disegno à la Renaissance, pratiqué par de Vinci, un dessin non représentationnel. Ce type de dessin active un processus de transduction simondonien, lorsqu’un élément perturbateur est l’amorce d’une décharge d’énergie potentielle qui déborde sur des éléments avoisinants, qui participent d’un milieu sous tension, pouvant à leur tour générer de nouveaux pivots d’interrelation. Ces agencements rejoignent la manière dont Guattari discute de l’écosophie, un entrelacement triple et dynamique entre la subjectivation, la collectivité et l’environnement, des milieux fertiles pour saisir les transductions en cours avec l’art. Une nouvelle puissance d’agir accompagne leur dessin, et un « faire attention » (Stengers) en émerge, acte solidaire de résistance. Les expérimentations éthico-esthétiques avec les matières résiduelles peuvent contribuer à remettre en question les dualismes pouvant restreindre une exploration technologique des matérialités, afin de participer au déploiement transductif de l'écosophie. Au travers des restes s’accomplit une relation amplifiée, amplifiante avec la pratique technologique qui se singularise, tout en débordant d’elle-même, dans les collectivités. La thèse s’exprime en cinq chapitres où se rencontrent pratiques et théories. Chaque fois, deux concepts sont mis en relation : Dessin et Diagrammatique ; Milieux et Intervalles ; Traduction et Transduction ; Écosophie et Faire Attention ; Postmédia et Communs. Des « blocs de sensations » (Deleuze et Guattari) surgissent entre la théorisation et le récit a-chronologique de la pratique artistique, l’un « au travers » de l’autre (perScapere), l’un avec l’autre. Les œuvres construisent un plan de composition (Deleuze et Guattari) que je nomme le « perse_plan ». Le perse_plan se dédouble en phases sous l’action de la fente, l’intervalle, l’ondulation et la cascade, venant de l’expérimentation ontogénétique des cinq œuvres et de leurs processus enchevêtrés avec dessin numérique, vidéo, audio, lumière, matérialités, senseurs, performances, installations. En fonction des seuils, des résonances, fortes et moins fortes, leurs « milieux associés » (Simondon) se dessinent dans le temps. / Multiple crises over the last several decades demonstrate the entanglement of materialities, humans, and technologies. Despite the 3RV-Es (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Valorisation and Elimination), waste increases. This media-based research-creation dissertation is an investigation of technological artistic experimentation with residual matter as aesthetic/political engagement. This dissertation is concerned with what wastewater treatment, engineered landfill sites, and atmospheric and electromagnetic pollution create. I analyze how these operations are at the very heart of artworks produced since 2006 by Ælab, an artistic research unit I cofounded with composer Stéphane Claude in 1996. Joselita Ciaravino, Gilles Deleuze, Félix Guattari, Brian Massumi, Gilbert Simondon, and Isabelle Stengers are my primary philosophical allies. Ciaravino discusses disegno’s third order, a form of non-representational drawing practiced by da Vinci during the Renaissance. This type of drawing activates a transduction process as described by Simondon: a disruptive element participating in a milieu under tension triggers a potential energy discharge that overflows onto neighbouring elements, which can, in turn, generate new pivots of interrelation. These assemblages recall Guattari’s discussion of ecosophy, a dynamic, triple intertwining of subjectivation, collectivity, and the environment that provides fertile milieus to follow the transductions art brings about. A new force accompanies their drawing and a “paying attention” (Stengers) emerges, act of resistance and solidarity. Ethico-aesthetic experiments with waste are a way of questioning dualisms that may hamper the technological exploration of materialities in order to participate in the transductive reticulation of ecosophy. Working with waste creates an amplified relation; it amplifies a technological practice that, as it resingularizes, also extends to collectivities. This dissertation presents five chapters in which practice and theory meet. In each, two concepts are placed in dialogue: Drawing and Diagrammatic; Milieus and Intervals; Translation and Transduction; Ecosophy and Paying Attention; Postmedia and Commons. “Blocks of sensation” (Deleuze and Guattari) arise between theorization and an a-chronological telling of artistic practice, one “through” (au travers) the other (perScapere), one with the other. The works build a plan of composition (Deleuze and Guattari) I call the “perse_plan”. The phases of the perse_plan are split by the actions of fissure, interval, undulation, and cascade. These phases are the result of ontogenetic experimentation through five artworks and their related processes interconnected with digital drawing, video, audio, light, materialities, sensors, performances, and installations. Across thresholds and various resonances, their “associated milieus” (Simondon) are drawn out over time.

Ce mémoire présente l’application de la méthode de décomposition en termes de diagrammes aux désintégrations de mésons B vers trois mésons de type pseudos- calaire ne comportant pas de quarks charmés. La décomposition diagrammatique des désintégrations de types B → Kππ, B → KKK ̄, B → KK ̄π et B → πππ est effectuée de façon systématique. Il est démontré que lorsque l’on néglige les dia- grammes d’échanges et d’annihilations, dont les contributions sont estimées être petites, de nouvelles relations apparaissent entre les amplitudes. Ces relations sont de nouveaux tests du modèle standard qui ne peuvent être obtenus que par la méthode diagrammatique. Lorsque les données nécessaires sont disponibles, nous vérifions ces relations et obtenons un bon accord avec les données expérimentales. Nous démontrons également qu’il est possible d’utiliser le secteur B → Kππ pour mesurer la phase faible γ avec une incertitude théorique que nous estimons être de l’ordre de 5%. Les autres secteurs de désintégrations ne permettent d’extraire des phases faibles que si l’on invoque des approximations de précisions inconnues. / This Master’s thesis presents the application of the method of decomposition in terms of diagrams to the charmless decays of B mesons to three pseudoscalar particles. We systematically apply the diagrammatic method to the decays B → Kππ, B → KKK ̄, B → KK ̄π and B → πππ. It is shown that when we neglect exchange and annihilation diagrams, whose contributions have been estimated to be small, new relations appear between the decay amplitudes. These relations constitute new tests of the standard model that can only be obtained through the diagrammatic method. When the necessary data is available, we verify these relations and obtain a good agreement with the experimental results. We also show that it is possible use observables in the B → Kππ sector to measure the weak phase γ with a theoretical uncertainty of the order of 5%. Other decay sectors can only allow the extraction of weak phases through the use of approximations of unknown precision.

Specification plays a vital role in software engineering to facilitate the development of highly dependable software. The importance of specification in software development is to serve, amongst others, as a communication tool for stakeholders in the software project. The specification also adds to the understanding of operations, and describes the properties of a system. Various techniques may be used for specification work. Z is a formal specification language that is based on a strongly-typed fragment of Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory and first-order logic to provide for precise and unambiguous specifications. Z uses mathematical notation to build abstract data, which is necessary for a specification. The role of abstraction is to describe what the system does without prescribing how it should be done. Diagrams, on the other hand, have also been used in various areas, and in software engineering they could be used to add a visual component to software specifications. It is plausible that diagrams may also be used to reason in a semi-formal way about the properties of a specification. Many diagrammatic languages are based on contours and set theory. Examples of these languages are Euler-, Spider-, Venn- and Pierce diagrams. Euler diagrams form the foundation of most diagrams that are based on closed curves. Diagrams, on the other hand, have also been used in various areas, and in software engineering they could be used to add a visual component to software specifications. It is plausible that diagrams may also be used to reason in a semi-formal way about the properties of a specification. Many diagrammatic languages are based on contours and set theory. Examples of these languages are Euler-, Spider-, Venn- and Pierce diagrams. Euler diagrams form the foundation of most diagrams that are based on closed curves. The purpose of this research is to demonstrate the extent to which diagrams can be used to represent a Z specification. A case study is used to transform the specification modelled with Z language into a diagrammatic specification. Euler, spider, Venn and Pierce diagrams are combined for this purpose, to form one diagrammatic notation that is used to transform a Z specification / School of Computing / M. Sc. (Information Systems)