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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
41

Iron absorption and iron status related to diet : an experimental and epidemiological study

Tidehag, Per January 1995 (has links)
The absorption of iron from the diet is a major determinant of the iron status of an individual. Accurate measures of iron absorption are thus essential in the determination of the effects of diet composition on iron absorption and status. The aim of these studies have firstly been to investigate different methods to measure iron absorption and effects of diet in both rats and humans. Secondly to describe variations in iron status in a general population and to relate the variations to diet. Experimental studies in rats: The most important factors determining the availability of iron from the diet to growing rats appears to be the concentration of iron in the diet and the iron status of the rats. The type of cereal |rain in the diet and the diet phytate and fiber concentrations were of far less importance. The absorption of Fe from test meals, the iron balance over a period of a few days and the blood hemoglobin and serum and liver iron concentrations were in good general agreement on the effects of diet and iron status on the bioavailability of iron from grain diets. The extent of coprophagy in rats is not affected by diet or iron status and did not affect iron absorption appreciably. Effect of dairy products on iron absorption in man: The effect of milk and fermented milk on iron absorption was studied in nine ileostomy subjects. We found no decrease in iron absorption during two three-week periods on a high calcium (milk) diet. The results of the present study differ from those studies in which the absorption of radioiron from test meals was measured, which have shown a pronounced effect of high calcium levels. We believe that these differences in results were caused by differences in experimental design and choice of measurement method. Our results support earlier findings that the iron status of the subject rather than the bioavailability of dietary iron is the major factor determining absorption of dietary non-heme iron. Measurement of iron absorption from single meals and daily diets in humans using radioiron: Ten ileostomy subjects were given the same composite diet for all three meals each day for five consecutive days (meal proportion ratio 1:2:4 for breakfast, lunch and dinner respectively). The iron absorption from a low-fiber diet measured from the morning meals (55Fe) was almost 80% higher than the average iron absorption measured from all meals (59Fe) during the last two days on this diet. The iron absorption from a high fiber diet eaten at breakfast was almost 50% higher than the daily average absorption. This suggests that all meals of the day should be labeled with radioiron and not just the morning meal. Population studies of diet and iron status: In a randomly selected population in Northern Sweden lower iron status was associated with a high intake of dairy products in women (25-44 yr.). The striking result was however that iron status was not related to other major variations in dietary intake, particularly intake of energy and iron. No correlation could be demonstrated between iron status measured as ferritin, serum iron or TIBC and the estimated intakes of calcium, fiber, ascorbic acid, meat, tea or coffee, all of which are known to be factors which influence the bioavailability of iron. On the population level, factors other than diet, e.g. menstruation and metabolic factors, were more important than diet as determinants of iron status. / <p>S. 1-62: sammanfattning, s. 67-157: 6 uppsatser</p> / digitalisering@umu
42

Diet and renal cell carcinoma /

Rashidkhani, Bahram, January 2005 (has links)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2005. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.
43

Hormone-related dietary factors and estrogen/progesterone-receptor defined postmenopausal breast cancer /

Suzuki, Reiko, January 2006 (has links)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2006. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.
44

Desenvolvimento e caracterização de sopa de vegetais e carne à base de maracujá silvestre (Passiflora tenuifila Killip) submetida ao processo de esterilização / Development and characterization os soup of vegetable and meat with the wild passion fruit (Passiflora tenuifila Killip) submitted to the sterilization process

Holanda, Dayse Karine Rodrigues January 2015 (has links)
HOLANDA, Dayse Karine Rodrigues. Desenvolvimento e caracterização de sopa de vegetais e carne à base de maracujá silvestre (Passiflora tenuifila Killip) submetida ao processo de esterilização. 2015. 71 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos)-Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2015. / Submitted by Vitor Campos (vitband@gmail.com) on 2016-09-28T23:23:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_dkrholanda.pdf: 1515069 bytes, checksum: 3457f792e0a7b16082c5374c12438457 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jairo Viana (jairo@ufc.br) on 2016-10-04T18:12:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_dkrholanda.pdf: 1515069 bytes, checksum: 3457f792e0a7b16082c5374c12438457 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-04T18:12:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_dkrholanda.pdf: 1515069 bytes, checksum: 3457f792e0a7b16082c5374c12438457 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Passion fruit Passiflora tenuifila is a non-commercial and wild species, popularly known as garlic - passion fruit, its use as an ingredient in soups contributes to diversification of the product and improvement in nutritional and functional properties. This study aimed to develop and characterize a formulation of soup of vegetables and meat, using as basis the functional species of wild passion fruit (Passiflora tenuifila Killip) and as a thickener flour of the yellow passion fruit peel (Passiflora edulis flavicarpa). The planning of the formulation was done, making up calculations of formulation on the components of chemical composition of the ingredients and their influence on the final composition of the soup. The sterilization process of the soup was conducted in a vertical autoclave, based on the value of F0 minimum of 8 minutes. In prepared soup, were determined physico-chemical analysis, chemical composition, calories and functional characteristics, such as analysis of bioactive compounds (total polyphenols and total antioxidant activity) and dietary fiber. Furthermore, it was made a commercial sterility testing and sensory evaluation of soup. In sensory evaluation, was check the effect of storage time on the bitter taste of soup (1, 19 and 37 days after the sterilization process) and its acceptance. The soup showed results consistent regarding their chemical composition, and between functional compounds showed a content of total dietary fiber of 3,88 g 100 g-1. The calories of the soup was 22,81 kcal 100 g-1. For the content of total polyphenol was found 103,43 mg gallic acid 100 g-1 and antioxidant activity of 4,09 uM Trolox g-1 (ABTS assay) and 9,98 uM g-1 ferrous sulphate (FRAP assay). In sensory evaluation, it was found that the storage time at room temperature did not affect the bitter taste of soup and the average score given by the judges in sensory acceptance was 3,02, corresponding to the term "not liked nor disliked" the scale used. The thermal treatment applied was efficient and the soup is up to the standards required by law and is considered as a commercially sterile product. Based on these results, it can be conclude that it is possible to prepare a formulation of soup of vegetables and meat with added passion fruit species (P. tenuifila and P. edulis), with a good nutritional quality and a source of natural antioxidants. The soup could be considered a functional food with a source of high dietary fiber. / O maracujá Passiflora tenuifila é uma espécie silvestre não comercial, popularmente conhecido como maracujá-alho. Sua utilização como ingrediente em sopas contribui para a diversificação de produtos e melhoria nas propriedades nutricionais e funcionais. Este trabalho teve por objetivo desenvolver e caracterizar uma formulação de sopa de vegetais e carne, usando como base funcional a espécie de maracujá silvestre (Passiflora tenuifila Killip) e como espessante a farinha da casca de maracujá amarelo (Passiflora edulis flavicarpa). O planejamento da formulação foi realizado efetuando-se cálculos de formulação sobre os componentes de composição centesimal dos ingredientes e sua influência sobre a composição final da sopa. O processo de esterilização da sopa foi conduzido numa autoclave vertical, com base no valor de F0 mínimo de 8 minutos. Na sopa preparada, foram realizadas análises físico-químicas, composição centesimal, valor calórico, características funcionais, tais como análises de compostos bioativos (polifenóis totais e atividade antioxidante total) e fibra alimentar. Também foi realizado o teste de esterilidade comercial e avaliação sensorial da sopa. Na avaliação sensorial, verificou-se o efeito do tempo de armazenamento no sabor amargo da sopa (1, 19 e 37 dias após o processo de esterilização) e sua aceitação. A sopa mostrou resultados relevantes em relação a sua composição química, e entre os compostos funcionais apresentou um teor de fibra alimentar total de 3,88 g 100 g-1. O valor calórico da sopa foi 22,81 kcal 100 g-1. Para o teor de polifenóis totais foi encontrado 103,43 mg ácido gálico 100 g-1 e atividade antioxidante de 4,09 μM Trolox g-1 (método ABTS) e 9,98 μM Sulfato ferroso g-1 (método FRAP). Na avaliação sensorial, verificou-se que o tempo de armazenamento em temperatura ambiente não afetou o sabor amargo da sopa e a pontuação média atribuída pelos provadores na aceitação sensorial foi 3,02, o que corresponde ao termo “não gostei nem desgostei” na escala de 5 pontos utilizada. O tratamento térmico aplicado foi eficiente e a sopa encontra-se dentro dos padrões exigidos pela legislação vigente, sendo considerada um produto comercialmente estéril. Com base nesses resultados, pode-se concluir que é possível preparar uma formulação de sopa de vegetais e carne com adição de espécies de maracujá (P. tenuifila e P. edulis), com uma boa qualidade nutricional e fonte de antioxidantes naturais. A sopa pode ser considerada um alimento funcional, com elevado teor de fibra dietética.
45

DIFERENTES PROPORÇÕES DE FIBRA INSOLÚVEL E SOLÚVEL DE GRÃOS DE AVEIA SOBRE A RESPOSTA BIOLÓGICA DE RATOS / DIFFERENTS PROPORTIONS OF INSOLUBLE AND SOLUBLE DIETARY FIBER FROM OAT GRAINS ON BIOLOGICAL RESPONSE IN RATS

Monteiro, Fabiana 25 February 2005 (has links)
The present report had as the objective to establish relations between the different proportions of insoluble and soluble fiber from oat grains on biological response in Wistar rats fed with formulated rations with similar dietary fiber levels, but different in insoluble and soluble fiber content. For that, the total dietary fiber composition, insoluble and soluble from eight oat grains cultivars was determined, which according with these results, were grouped, by multivariate group analysis (Cluster analysis) according to the ward method, considering its proportions of insoluble and soluble fiber. From the three formed groups, grains from three cultivars were chosen (UFRGS 17, UFRGS 18 and UFRGS 20) for the realization of the biological response (8 animals per treatment). It was conduced throughout a period of 35 days, in which parameters such as daily consumption of dry matter, weight gaining, dietary conversion, feces excretion, dry matter apparent digestibility, pH and dietary fiber apparent digestibility and its insoluble and soluble fractions were assessed. The evaluated treatments did not show any significant difference concerning dry fiber daily average consumption, weight gaining, dietary conversion and dry matter apparent digestibility. The diets with higher content of soluble fiber increased the fecal excretion and total and soluble fiber apparent digestibility, while the diet with high content of insoluble fiber reduced the pH value of the feces and increased the insoluble fiber apparent digestibility. The results obtained allow to fundament the use of different oat grains cultivars for specific ends in human nutrition. / O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estabelecer relações entre as diferentes proporções de fibra insolúvel e solúvel em medidas de resposta biológica de ratos Wistar alimentados com rações formuladas com níveis semelhantes de fibra alimentar, mas diferentes quanto aos teores de fibra insolúvel e solúvel. Para tal, determinou-se a composição em fibra alimentar total, insolúvel e solúvel de oito cultivares de aveia, que, de acordo com estes resultados, foram agrupadas, por análise multivariada de agrupamento (Cluster analysis) de acordo com o método de Ward, considerando suas proporções de fibra insolúvel e solúvel. Dos três grupos formados, foram escolhidos grãos de três cultivares (UFRGS 17, UFRGS 18 e UFRGS 20) para a realização do ensaio biológico (oito animais por tratamento). Este foi conduzido por um período de 35 dias, no qual foram avaliados parâmetros como consumo diário de matéria seca, ganho de peso, conversão alimentar, excreção de fezes, digestibilidade aparente da matéria seca, pH e digestibilidade aparente da fibra alimentar e de suas frações. Os tratamentos avaliados não demonstraram diferença significativa quanto ao consumo médio diário de matéria seca, ganho de peso, conversão alimentar e digestibilidade aparente da matéria seca. As dietas com teores mais elevados de fibra solúvel aumentaram a excreção fecal e a digestibilidade aparente de fibra alimentar e solúvel, enquanto que a dieta com alto teor de fibra insolúvel reduziu o valor de pH das fezes e aumentou a digestibilidade aparente de fibra insolúvel. Os resultados obtidos permitem fundamentar o uso de diferentes cultivares de aveia para fins específicos na nutrição humana.
46

Fontes de fibra para leitões recém desmamados

Pascoal, Leonardo Augusto Fonseca [UNESP] 19 October 2009 (has links) (PDF)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-10-19Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:45:23Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 pascoal_laf_dr_jabo.pdf: 4325049 bytes, checksum: f0c924e1bbe52682097d3edf19366f63 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos das inclusões de celulose purificada, casca de soja e polpa cítrica, como fontes de fibra nas dietas para leitões desmamados, foram realizados 4 ensaios. No ensaio I determinou-se as digestibilidades dos nutrientes e da energia das fontes de fibra e no II, as digestibilidades das dietas contendo esses ingredientes, utilizando-se o método de coleta total de fezes. No ensaio III avaliou-se o desempenho, o tempo de trânsito, a incidência de diarréia e a imunidade humoral e no IV, as características morfofisiológicas e microbiológicas do sistema digestório. As dietas experimentais utilizadas nos ensaios II, III e IV foram: DC - dieta controle — composta principalmente por milho, farelo de soja e fonte de lactose; CEL - dieta composta principalmente por milho, farelo de soja, fonte de lactose e 1,5% de celulose purificada; CS - dieta composta principalmente por milho, farelo de soja, fonte de lactose e 3% de casca de soja e PC - dieta composta principalmente por milho, farelo de soja, fonte de lactose e 9% de polpa cítrica. Utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos casualizados, para controlar diferenças no peso inicial. Com base nos resultados do ensaio I, verifica-se que a polpa cítrica apresenta melhor valor nutricional, e que as fontes de fibra podem ser utilizadas com o objetivo de modular a microbiota intestinal. Nos ensaios II e III, observa-se que as inclusões de celulose purificada, casca de soja e polpa cítrica, como fontes de fibra nas dietas de leitões desmamados, nä° afetam a digestibilidade da maioria dos nutrientes e da energia, o desempenho e o tempo de trânsito das dietas no trato gastrintestinal. Entretanto, a utilização de celulose purificada promove efeito benéfico no controle da diarréia e melhora alguns parâmetros imunológicos. No ensaio IV, nota-se que a adição de fontes de fibras solúveis, como casca de soja e... / A total of 4 assays were conducted to evaluate the effect of purified cellulose, soybean hulls and citrus pulp as fiber sources in diets for weaned pigs. In assay 1 it was determined the nutrient and energy digestibilities for each source of fiber. At assay 2 it was determined the digestibilities of diets added by fibrous ingredients using total feces collection method. In assay 3 It was evaluated the performance, transit time, diarrhea incidence and humoral immunity and in assay 4 the morphophysiological and microbiological characteristics of digestive tract. The experimental diets used in the assays 2, 3 and 4 were: DC — control diet, based on corn, soybean meal and lactose source; CEL — diet based on corn, soybean meal, lactose source and 1,5% of purified cellulose; CS — diet based on corn, soybean meal, lactose source and 3% of soybean hulls; PC — diet based on corn, soybean meal, lactose source and 9% of citrus pulp. It was used a randomized block a design according to control the differences of body weight of piglets. The results of assay I citrus pulp has higher nutritional values and than those fiber sources can be used to modulate intestinal microbiota. According to results of assays II and III, purified cellulose, soybean hulls and citrus pulp as fiber sources in diets for weaned pigs do not affect nutrients and energy digestibility, performance and gastrointestinal transit time. The use of purified cellulose can reduce diarrhea incidence and promotes better results in some immunological parameters. According to assay IV, the result indicates that soluble fiber sources, as soybean hulls and citrus pulp, promote a modification on morphophysiology and microbiology of tract, suggesting an adaptation on digestive system of weaned pigs by the presence of the fiber in diets
47

Farelo de glúten de milho 21 na alimentação de cães adultos

Kawauchi, Iris Mayumi [UNESP] 29 August 2008 (has links) (PDF)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-08-29Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:34:28Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 kawauchi_im_me_jabo.pdf: 211809 bytes, checksum: b7f7d0e81da78e4d31eda58ed86b34c0 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / O presente estudo teve por objetivos determinar, por meio dos métodos de substituição e de regressão, a digestibilidade dos nutrientes e a energia metabolizável do farelo de glúten de milho 21 (FGM 21), comparar estas metodologias experimentais e estabelecer o teor adequado de inclusão do ingrediente em dietas extrusadas para cães adultos. Foram realizados dois ensaios de metabolismo utilizando o método de coleta total de fezes e urina. No primeiro ensaio, seis cães adultos foram alimentados com dieta isenta de FGM 21 (basal) e outros seis com dieta teste (30% FGM 21 + 70% dieta basal). Para o segundo ensaio, foram formuladas dietas contendo, com base na matéria natural, zero (basal), 7%, 14% e 21% de FGM 21. Vinte e quatro cães adultos foram distribuídos em delineamento em blocos casualizados, com dois blocos repetidos no tempo, sendo 4 tratamentos e 6 repetições por dieta. Os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente do FGM 21 para cães foram: 52,73% para MS, 52,41% para MO, 68,84% para PB, 74,38% para EEA, -36,40% para FDT, 99,80% para amido e 54,46% para EB. Sua energia metabolizável foi de 2023 kcal/kg MS. A utilização de FGM 21 reduziu a digestibilidade da MS, MO, EB e EM das dietas (p<0,05), porém, não prejudicou de forma pronunciada a digestibilidade da PB, EEA e amido (p>0,05) quando utilizada inclusão de 14%. A fibra dietética total do FGM 21 por ser de baixa solubilidade e fermentabilidade pode justificar a redução na digestibilidade e na EM das dietas. As fezes dos cães alimentados com dietas contendo FGM 21 foram pouco afetadas, porém, houve aumento na quantidade produzida. A digestibilidade da PB, EEA, amido e a EM das dietas foi semelhante quando determinada pelos métodos de substituição e de regressão. MS, MO e EB apresentaram coeficientes de digestibilidade distintos em função do método utilizado. Concluiu-se que o FGM 21 é um ingrediente de... / The present study aimed to determine, with substitution and regression methods, the digestibility and metabolizable energy of corn gluten feed (CGF), compare the methods and establish the appropriate inclusion of this ingredient in extruded diets for dogs. Two metabolism trials were performed using total feces and urine collection method. In the first trial, 6 adult dogs were fed with a basal diet, without CGF, and other 6 dogs were fed with test diet (30% of CGF + 70% of the basal diet). In the second trial, diets containing 0%, 7%, 14% and 21% of CGF were formulated, as fed basis. 24 adult dogs were distributed in a randomized blocks design, with two blocks repeated in time, being four treatments, with 6 replications each. The coefficients of apparent digestibility of CGF for dogs were: 52.73% for DM, 52.41% for OM, 68.84% for CP, 74.38% for AEE, -36.40% for TDF, 99.80% for starch and 54.46% for GE. The metabolizable energy was 2023 kcal/kg on DM basis. The use of CGF reduced the digestibility of DM, OM, GE and ME of diets (p<0.05) however the digestibility of CP, AEE and starch (p>0.05) were not very affected when inclusion of 14% was used. The total dietary fiber of CGF has low solubility and fermentability what can justify the reduction in the digestibility and ME of diets. The feces of the dogs fed with diets containing CGF have been little affected, however had a increase in the produced amount. The digestibility of CP, AEE, starch and ME of the diets was similar when determined by the regression and substitution methods. DM, OM and GE presented divergent digestibility coefficients depending on the used method. It was concluded that CGF is an ingredient of low energy value, with potential for use in foods for dogs with special demands and the inclusion of 14% provides reduced interference on digestibility of foods to adult dogs. The method used in the food study for dogs is an important factor and must be considered.
48

Efeito da ingestão de amido, fibra e energia na resposta glicêmica pós-prandial e saciedade em cães

Palumbo, Guilherme Roberto [UNESP] 28 July 2009 (has links) (PDF)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-07-28Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:30:46Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 palumbo_gr_me_jabo.pdf: 477470 bytes, checksum: c9be20d43bf81e08bce5993e86b40dca (MD5) / Mogiana Alimentos S.A. / Foi comparado o efeito da quantidade de amido ingerido na resposta glicêmica pós-prandial, bem como avaliado a influência da fibra e energia consumida na saciedade de cães adultos não obesos. Os animais receberam diferentes dietas experimentais contendo teores de amido e fibra dietética variando entre, respectivamente, 32-42% e 14-24,5% na matéria seca. O ensaio da glicemia pós-prandial seguiu um esquema fatorial 6 x 2 (seis rações x duas doses) gerando 12 tratamentos, sendo as doses referentes à baixa e alta ingestão de amido respectivamente, 9,5g de amido por kg0,75 e 12,5g de amido por kg075. Foram empregados seis cães, cada um recebendo as 12 combinações de ração e dose. Os resultados foram analisados utilizando procedimento GLM do SAS (P<0,05) e as médias comparadas pelo teste Tukey (P<0,05). No ensaio de saciedade adotou-se esquema fatorial 3 x 2 (três rações x duas doses, 95 kcal*(kg) 0,75 e 130 kcal*(kg)0,75) com duas repetições no tempo (10 e 20 dias), o que permitiu todos os animais a receber todas as combinações de tratamento, com duração de 20 dias cada um. No décimo e vigésimo dias, os cães foram expostos, após 90 minutos do consumo das dietas experimentais, a uma ingestão a vontade de uma ração desafio por 45 minutos. A quantidade consumida da ração desafio foi empregada para se inferir sobre a saciedade dos cães. Análises de Person foram realizadas para descrever a relação entre o consumo de ração desafio e a quantidade de fibra ingerida anterior ao teste. Verificou-se interação entre tempo e dose de amido (P<0,01). Nos tempos 180 e 240 minutos a glicemia dos cães que consumiram alta dose de amido foi maior do que a observada após a baixa ingestão do nutriente (P<0,05). O consumo maior de amido culminou no retardo do tempo para a glicemia... / The effect of the amount of starch ingested in the glucose response was compared post-prandial, as well as evaluated the influence of the fiber and energy consumed in the no obese SATIETY adult dogs. The animals had received different experimental diets contend starch and dietary fiber varying enters, respectively, 32-42% and 14-24,5% in the dry matter. The test of the blood glucose respectively followed an factorial trial 6 x 2 (six diet x two doses) generating 12 treatments, being the referring doses to low and the high starch ingestion, 9,5g of starch for kg0,75 and 12,5g of starch for kg075. Six dogs had been used, each one receiving the 12 combinations from diets and dose. The outcomes been analyzed using procedure GLM of SAS (P <0.05) and the averages compared by Tukey test (P <0.05). Adopted a test of satiety is 3 x 2 factorial (three diets x two doses, 95 kcal * (kg) 0.75 and 130 kcal * (kg) 0.75) with two replications in time (10 and 20 days), which allowed all animals to receive all combinations of treatment, lasting 20 days each. In the tenth and twentieth days, after 90 minutes of consumption of the experimental diets, were offered a willingness to ingestion of a challenge meal for 45 minutes. The amount of the challenge meal consumed was used to measure about the glut of dogs. Person Analysis was conducted to describe the relationship between the consumption of food challenge and the amount of fiber intake before the test. There was interaction between time and dose of starch (P<0.01). On times 180 and 240 minutes the blood glucose of dogs that consumed high dose of starch was higher than that observed after low intake of nutrients (P <0.05). The higher consumption of starch resulted in the delay time for the maximum blood... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
49

Tipos de fibras e redução do nível proteico em dietas para leitões recém-desmamados / Types of fiber and reduced level of protein in diets for weanling pigs

Marujo, Manuela Vantini [UNESP] 30 September 2016 (has links)
Submitted by MANUELA VANTINI MARUJO null (manu_marujo@hotmail.com) on 2016-10-31T17:38:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Manuela_Vantini_Marujo.pdf: 4415864 bytes, checksum: 20d22fd7fb0afbf291629edbf5e0d2df (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Felipe Augusto Arakaki (arakaki@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-11-07T19:29:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 marujo_mv_dr_jabo.pdf: 4426079 bytes, checksum: 80e83f2ff6abf7023e3749341cfb8392 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-07T19:29:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 marujo_mv_dr_jabo.pdf: 4426079 bytes, checksum: 80e83f2ff6abf7023e3749341cfb8392 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-30 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Foram conduzidos três experimentos para avaliar diferentes fontes de fibras purificadas e seus efeitos em dietas, com níveis proteicos reduzidos, sobre o desempenho e a saúde intestinal de leitões recém-desmamados. No experimento I foram caracterizadas quatro fontes de fibras purificadas, quanto à capacidade de retenção de água, volume de intumescimento, microestrutura e viscosidade. No experimento II foram avaliados o desempenho, a incidência de diarreia e o tempo de trânsito gastrointestinal de 84 leitões desmamados aos 26 dias de idade. No experimento III foram avaliados o pH, o peso relativo de órgãos do trato gastrointestinal, as concentrações de ácidos graxos de cadeia curta e ácido lático, a morfologia e a microbiologia da mucosa intestinal, os escores de lesão, as células em apoptose e mitose, e a imunidade intestinal de 42 leitões desmamados aos 26 dias de idade. Nos experimentos II e III, os animais foram distribuídos em um delineamento em blocos completos casualizados, com seis tratamentos: DC: dieta controle sem redução proteica; DR: DC com redução de quatro pontos percentuais da proteína bruta; DF1, DF2, DF3 e DF4: DR com adição de 2,0% de lignocelulose, celulose, pectina e goma guar, respectivamente. A inclusão de goma guar à dieta resultou em piores (P<0,05) ganho diário de peso e conversão alimentar, assim como no maior (P<0,05) tempo de trânsito gastrointestinal comparado à inclusão de celulose, que apresentou o menor. O peso final dos leitões foi menor (P<0,05) com a adição de goma guar em comparação à dieta controle e aquelas contendo pectina e lignocelulose. Os animais alimentados com dieta com celulose apresentaram a menor (P<0,05) contagem de Lactobacillus e a maior (P<0,05) relação altura das vilosidades/profundidade das criptas, não diferindo daquela com lignocelulose, mas das outras dietas avaliadas. No duodeno, o número de células em apoptose foi menor (P<0,05) nos animas que consumiram dieta contendo celulose; o número de células em mitose foi maior (P<0,05) nos leitões consumindo as dietas controle e com pectina e os escores de lesão foram menores (P<0,05) nos animais alimentados com celulose e lignocelulose. Não foram observadas alterações (P>0,05) no jejuno dos leitões. No íleo, o número de células em mitose foi maior (P<0,05) nos animais alimentados com vi as dietas controle, com redução proteica e com pectina e os escores de lesão foram menores (P<0,05) nos leitões que consumiram a dieta contendo celulose. Conclui-se que as fibras solúveis, principalmente a goma guar, apresentam maior capacidade de retenção de água, volume de intumescimento e viscosidade em relação às insolúveis. A redução no nível proteico não influencia o desempenho e a saúde intestinal dos animais. A inclusão de goma guar à dieta proporciona prejuízos ao desempenho dos animais e maior tempo de trânsito gastrointestinal. A inclusão de fibras purificadas insolúveis, especialmente a celulose, à dieta com nível proteico reduzido, proporciona benefícios à morfologia do epitélio intestinal de leitões, como melhor relação altura das vilosidades/profundidade das criptas, menores escores de lesão intestinal e apoptose. / Three trials were conducted to evaluate different purified fibers sources and their effects in diets with reduced protein level on performance and intestinal health of weanling pigs. In trial I were characterized four purified fiber sources as to the water retention capacity, swelling volume, microstructure and viscosity. Performance, incidence of diarrhea and gastrointestinal transit of time of 84 piglets weaned at 26 days of age were evaluated in trial II. In trial III were evaluated pH, the relative organs weight of the gastrointestinal tract, concentrations of fatty acid short chain and lactic acid, the morphology and microbiology of the intestinal mucosa, the lesion scores, the apoptosis and mitotic cells and the intestinal immunity of 42 piglets weaned 26 days old. In both experiments, the animals were distributed in a randomized complete block design, with six treatments: CD: control diet without protein reduction; RD: CD with a reduction of four percent of crude protein; DF1, DF2, DF3 and DF4: RD with addition of 2.0% of lignocellulose, cellulose, pectin and guar gum, respectively. The inclusion of guar gum in the diet resulted in worse (P<0.05) daily gain and feed conversion, as well as the largest (P<0.05) gastrointestinal transit time compared to the inclusion of cellulose, which had the lowest. The final weight of the piglets was lower (P<0.05) with the addition of guar gum compared to the control diet, pectin and lignocellulose. The animals fed cellulose have the lowest (P<0.05) Lactobacillus count and the best (P<0.05) ratio of villus height and crypt depth, not differing from lignocellulose, but with the other evaluated diets. In the duodenum the number of cells in apoptosis was lower (P<0.05) in the animals fed diet with cellulose, the number of cells in mitosis was bigger (P<0.05) with control diet and pectin and the lesion scores were lower (P<0.05) in the animals fed diets with cellulose and lignocellulose. No alterations (P>0.05) were observed in the jejunum of the piglets. In the ileum, the number of cells in mitosis was bigger (P<0.05) in the animals fed control diet, reduced protein diet and pectin and the lesion scores were lower (P<0.05) for those fed cellulose. In conclusion the soluble fibers, especially guar gum, have higher water holding capacity, swelling and viscosity. The reduced level of crude protein do not influence the performance and the intestinal health of the animals. The inclusion of guar in the diet provide the worse results for performance parameters and increased gastrointestinal transit time. The inclusion of purified insoluble fibers, especially cellulose, to the diets with reduced protein level, provide benefits for the morphology of the intestinal epithelium of the piglets, such as better villus height and crypt depth ratio, lower intestinal lesion scores lower and apoptosis.
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Fontes de fibra para leitões recém desmamados /

Pascoal, Leonardo Augusto Fonseca. January 2009 (has links)
Resumo: Com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos das inclusões de celulose purificada, casca de soja e polpa cítrica, como fontes de fibra nas dietas para leitões desmamados, foram realizados 4 ensaios. No ensaio I determinou-se as digestibilidades dos nutrientes e da energia das fontes de fibra e no II, as digestibilidades das dietas contendo esses ingredientes, utilizando-se o método de coleta total de fezes. No ensaio III avaliou-se o desempenho, o tempo de trânsito, a incidência de diarréia e a imunidade humoral e no IV, as características morfofisiológicas e microbiológicas do sistema digestório. As dietas experimentais utilizadas nos ensaios II, III e IV foram: DC - dieta controle - composta principalmente por milho, farelo de soja e fonte de lactose; CEL - dieta composta principalmente por milho, farelo de soja, fonte de lactose e 1,5% de celulose purificada; CS - dieta composta principalmente por milho, farelo de soja, fonte de lactose e 3% de casca de soja e PC - dieta composta principalmente por milho, farelo de soja, fonte de lactose e 9% de polpa cítrica. Utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos casualizados, para controlar diferenças no peso inicial. Com base nos resultados do ensaio I, verifica-se que a polpa cítrica apresenta melhor valor nutricional, e que as fontes de fibra podem ser utilizadas com o objetivo de modular a microbiota intestinal. Nos ensaios II e III, observa-se que as inclusões de celulose purificada, casca de soja e polpa cítrica, como fontes de fibra nas dietas de leitões desmamados, nä° afetam a digestibilidade da maioria dos nutrientes e da energia, o desempenho e o tempo de trânsito das dietas no trato gastrintestinal. Entretanto, a utilização de celulose purificada promove efeito benéfico no controle da diarréia e melhora alguns parâmetros imunológicos. No ensaio IV, nota-se que a adição de fontes de fibras solúveis, como casca de soja e ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: A total of 4 assays were conducted to evaluate the effect of purified cellulose, soybean hulls and citrus pulp as fiber sources in diets for weaned pigs. In assay 1 it was determined the nutrient and energy digestibilities for each source of fiber. At assay 2 it was determined the digestibilities of diets added by fibrous ingredients using total feces collection method. In assay 3 It was evaluated the performance, transit time, diarrhea incidence and humoral immunity and in assay 4 the morphophysiological and microbiological characteristics of digestive tract. The experimental diets used in the assays 2, 3 and 4 were: DC - control diet, based on corn, soybean meal and lactose source; CEL - diet based on corn, soybean meal, lactose source and 1,5% of purified cellulose; CS - diet based on corn, soybean meal, lactose source and 3% of soybean hulls; PC - diet based on corn, soybean meal, lactose source and 9% of citrus pulp. It was used a randomized block a design according to control the differences of body weight of piglets. The results of assay I citrus pulp has higher nutritional values and than those fiber sources can be used to modulate intestinal microbiota. According to results of assays II and III, purified cellulose, soybean hulls and citrus pulp as fiber sources in diets for weaned pigs do not affect nutrients and energy digestibility, performance and gastrointestinal transit time. The use of purified cellulose can reduce diarrhea incidence and promotes better results in some immunological parameters. According to assay IV, the result indicates that soluble fiber sources, as soybean hulls and citrus pulp, promote a modification on morphophysiology and microbiology of tract, suggesting an adaptation on digestive system of weaned pigs by the presence of the fiber in diets / Orientador: Maria Cristina Thomaz / Coorientador: Jane Maria Bertocco Ezequiel / Banca: Jacinta Diva Ferrugem Gomes / Banca: Fábio Enrique Lemos Budiño / Banca: Nilva Kazue Sakomura / Banca: Otto Mack Junqueira / Doutor

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