The classical SIR and SIS epidemiological models are extended by considering the number of adequate contacts per infective in unit time as a function of the total population in such a way that this number grows less rapidly as the total population increases. A diffusion term is added to the SIS model and this leads to a reaction–diffusion equation, which governs the spatial spread of the disease. With the parameter R0 representing the basic reproduction number, it is shown that R0 = 1 is a forward bifurcation for the SIR and SIS models, with the disease–free equilibrium being globally asymptotic stable when R0 is less than 1. In the case when R0 is greater than 1, for both models, the endemic equilibrium is locally asymptotically stable and traveling wave solutions are found for the SIS diffusion model. Nonstandard finite difference (NSFD) schemes that replicate the dynamics of the continuous SIR and SIS models are presented. In particular, for the SIS model, a nonstandard version of the Runge-Kutta method having high order of convergence is investigated. Numerical experiments that support the theory are provided. On the other hand the SIS model is extended to a Volterra integral equation, for which the existence of multiple endemic equilibria is proved. This fact is confirmed by numerical simulations. / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Mathematics and Applied Mathematics / unrestricted

As traditional communication technology we use in our day-to-day life reaches its limitations, the international community searches for new methods to communicate information. One such novel approach is the so-called molecular communication system. During the last few decades, molecular communication systems become more and more popular. The main difference between traditional communication and molecular communication systems is that in the latter, information transfer occurs through chemical means, most often between microorganisms. This process already happens all around us naturally, for example, in the human body. Even though the molecular communication topic is attractive to researchers, and a lot of theoretical results are available - one cannot claim the same about the practical use of molecular communication. As for experimental results, a few studies have been done on the macroscale, but investigations at the micro- and nanoscale ranges are still lacking because they are a challenging task. In this work, a self-contained introduction of the underlying theory of molecular communication is provided, which includes knowledge from different areas such as biology, chemistry, communication theory, and applied mathematics. Two numerical methods are implemented for three well-studied partial differential equations of the MC field where advection, diffusion, and the reaction are taken into account. Numerical results for test cases in one and three dimensions are presented and discussed in detail. Conclusions and essential analytical and numerical future directions are then drawn.

Yes / The Poisson's equation is an essential entity of applied mathematics for modelling many phenomena of importance. They include the theory of gravitation, electromagnetism, fluid flows and geometric design. In this regard, finding efficient solution methods for the Poisson's equation is a significant problem that requires addressing. In this paper, we show how it is possible to generate approximate solutions of the Poisson's equation subject to various boundary conditions. We make use of the discrete finite difference operator, which, in many ways, is similar to the standard finite difference method for numerically solving partial differential equations. Our approach is based upon the Laplacian averaging operator which, as we show, can be elegantly applied over many folds in a computationally efficient manner to obtain a close approximation to the solution of the equation at hand. We compare our method by way of examples with the solutions arising from the analytic variants as well as the numerical variants of the Poisson's equation subject to a given set of boundary conditions. Thus, we show that our method, though simple to implement yet computationally very efficient, is powerful enough to generate approximate solutions of the Poisson's equation. / Supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Programme H2020-MSCA-RISE-2017, under the project PDE-GIR with grant number 778035.

Disertacijoje išnagrinėta trečiosios eilės vienmatė pseudoparabolinė lygtis su dviejų tipų nelokaliosiomis sąlygomis. Šiems uždaviniams spręsti sudarytos skirtuminės schemos, kurių stabilumas tiriamas, taikant skirtuminių operatorių su nelokaliosiomis sąlygomis spektro struktūrą. Trečiosios eilės vienmatėms ir dvimatėms pseudoparabolinėms lygtims su integralinėmis sąlygomis sudarytos ir išnagrinėtos padidinto tikslumo skirtuminės schemos. Išnagrinėta dvimatė pseudoparabolinė lygtis su nelokaliosiomis integralinėmis sąlygomis viena koordinačių kryptimi. Tokiam uždaviniui spręsti pritaikytas ir išnagrinėtas lokaliai vienmatis metodas, ištirtos šio metodo stabilumo sąlygos. Taip pat išnagrinėtos: trisluoksnės skirtuminės schemos vienmatei pseudoparabolinei lygčiai su įvairiomis, taip pat ir nelokaliosiomis, sąlygomis; trisluoksnių išreikštinių skirtuminių schemų stabilumo sąlygos. / The thesis analyzes the third-order one-dimensional pseudoparabolic equations with two types of nonlocal conditions. The stability of difference schemes for this problem was studied using the analysis of the spectrum structure of a difference operator with nonlocal conditions. The analysis of the increased accuracy difference schemes for third-order one-dimensional and two-dimensional pseudoparabolic equations with integral conditions has been made. The thesis considers a two-dimensional pseudoparabolic equation with nonlocal integral conditions in one coordinate direction. This problem was solved by a locally one-dimensional method. The stability of a difference scheme has been investigated based on the spectrum structure. The doctoral disertation investigates three-layer difference schemes for one-dimensional pseudoparabolic equations with various, including nonlocal, conditions. Also, the conditions for the stability of three-layer explicit difference schemes have been explored.

Ultra-fast laser heating of nano-films is investigated using 3-D Dual Phase Lag heat transport equation with laser heating at different locations on the metal film. The energy absorption rate, which is used to model femtosecond laser heating, is modified to accommodate for three-dimensional laser heating. A numerical solution based on an explicit finite-difference method is employed to solve the DPL equation. The stability criterion for selecting a time step size is obtained using von Neumann eigenmode analysis, and grid function convergence tests are performed. DPL results are compared with classical diffusion and hyperbolic heat conduction models and significant differences among these three approaches are demonstrated. We also develop an implicit finite-difference scheme of Crank-Nicolson type for solving 1-D and 3-D DPL equations. The proposed numerical technique solves one equation unlike other techniques available in the literature, which split the DPL equation into a system of two equations and then apply discretization. Stability analysis is performed using a von Neumann stability analysis. In 3-D, the discretized equation is solved using delta-form Douglas and Gunn time splitting. The performance of the proposed numerical technique is compared with the numerical techniques available in the literature.

Magistriniame darbe tiriama trisluoksnė skirtuminė schema parabolinei lygčiai su integraline sąlyga. Aprašomi metodai skaitiniai diferencialinių kraštinių uţdavinių su nelokaliosiomis sąlygomis. Atlikto magistrinio darbo rezultatas papildo iki šiol kitų mokslininkų gautus rezultatus tiriant trisluoksnę skirtuminę schemą. Magistro darbą sudaro: įvadas, uţdavinio formulavimas, 4 pagrindinės dalys, uždavinio sprendimas bei išvados. Įvadiniame skyriuje aptariamas temos aktualumas ir darbo tikslas, nurodomi naudojamo tyrimo metodai. Antrajame skyriuje suformuluojamas diferencialinis ir skirtuminis uždavinys su nelokaliąja integraline sąlyga. Trečiajame skyriuje užrašoma trisluoksnė schema kanoniniu pavidalu. Ketvirtajame skyriuje suvedame trisluoksnę schemą į dvisluoksnę. Penktajame skyriuje pateikiamas neišreikštinių skirtuminių lygčių algoritmas. Šeštajame nagrinėjama išreikštinė trisluoksnė schema bei jos algoritmas. Septintajame skyriuje tiriame matricos spektro struktūrą. Aštuntajame sprendžiamas konkretus uždavinys. Pateikiamos viso darbo bendrosios išvados. / In this master thesis there was investigated difference scheme for parabolic equation with integral condition. Numerical methods for solution differential boundary value problem nonlocal conditions methods investigated. Results of this completed work supplements by other scientists until now received results of investigation of three- layer difference scheme. Master thesis consists of introduction, problem formulation, four main chapter, numerical experiment and conclusions. Introductory chapter discusses relevance of the topic and the goal of this work, specifies methods that were used for this investigation. The second chapter formulates the differential task with nonlocal integral condition. In the third chapter is written a three- layer scheme in canonical form. In the fourth chapter the three-layer scheme reduce to the two-layers scheme. The fifth chapter presens the algorithm of realization of impicit scheme. The sixth chapter presents explicit three-layer scheme. The seventh chapter studies the structure of the matrix spectrum. There are presented all the general conclusions of the work.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(情報学) / 甲第18416号 / 情博第531号 / 新制||情||94(附属図書館) / 31274 / 京都大学大学院情報学研究科複雑系科学専攻 / (主査)教授 磯 祐介, 教授 西村 直志, 教授 木上 淳, 講師 吉川 仁 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Informatics / Kyoto University / DFAM

In this thesis we study the optimal stochastic control problem of the drift of a Lévy process. We show that, for a broad class of Lévy processes, the partial integro-differential Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation for the value function admits classical solutions and that control policies exist in feedback form. We then explore the class of Lévy processes that satisfy the requirements of the theorem, and find connections between the uniform integrability requirement and the notions of the score function and Fisher information from information theory. Finally we present three different numerical implementations of the control problem: a traditional dynamic programming approach, and two iterative approaches, one based on a finite difference scheme and the other on the Fourier transform. / text

Šiame darbe pristatomi nauji rezultatai, gauti tiriant diskretųjį Šturmo ir Liuvilio uždavinį su viena klasikine o kita nelokaliąja integraline kraštine sąlyga. Pirmoje dalyje pristatomas diferencialinis Šturmo ir Liuvilio uždavinys su nelokaliąja integraline kraštine sąlyga. Šio uždavinio kompleksinė spektro dalis buvo ištirta bakalauro darbe. Antroje darbo dalyje diferencialinis uždavinys suvedamas į antros eilės baigtinių skirtumų schemą, kai nelokalioji integralinė sąlyga aproksimuojama pagal trapecijų arba Simpsono formulę. Ištirta skirtuminių operatorių su nelokaliosiomis kraštinėmis sąlygomis spektro struktūra, tikrinių reikšmių priklausomybė nuo parametrų γ ir ξ esančių nelokaliosiose sąlygose, reikšmių ir pasirinkto tinklo taškų skaičiaus n. Rezultatai pateikiami charakteristinių funkcijų grafikais ir jų projekcijomis. / In this paper we present a new result of the investigation discrete Sturm--Liuoville problem with one classical and the other nonlocal integral boundary condition. The first part of paper presents differential Sturm Liuoville problem with integral boundary condition. Complex part of spectrum for Sturm Liuoville problem with integral boundary condition was investigated in Bachelor Thesis. The second part of paper present result of investigation second-order finite difference scheme, when the integral conditions condition is approximated by the Trapezoid or Simpson's rules. There are investigated the spectrum of the finite-difference schemes and it dependence on the parameters γ and ξ from nonlocal boundary condition n,where n number of grid points. Simulation results are presented as graphs and projections of characteristic functions.

The thesis analyzes the third-order one-dimensional pseudoparabolic equations with two types of nonlocal conditions. The stability of difference schemes for this problem was studied using the analysis of the spectrum structure of a difference operator with nonlocal conditions. The analysis of the increased accuracy difference schemes for third-order one-dimensional and two-dimensional pseudoparabolic equations with integral conditions has been made. The thesis considers a two-dimensional pseudoparabolic equation with nonlocal integral conditions in one coordinate direction. This problem was solved by a locally one-dimensional method. The stability of a difference scheme has been investigated based on the spectrum structure. The doctoral disertation investigates three-layer difference schemes for one-dimensional pseudoparabolic equations with various, including nonlocal, conditions. Also, the conditions for the stability of three-layer explicit difference schemes have been explored. / Disertacijoje išnagrinėta trečiosios eilės vienmatė pseudoparabolinė lygtis su dviejų tipų nelokaliosiomis sąlygomis. Šiems uždaviniams spręsti sudarytos skirtuminės schemos, kurių stabilumas tiriamas, taikant skirtuminių operatorių su nelokaliosiomis sąlygomis spektro struktūrą. Trečiosios eilės vienmatėms ir dvimatėms pseudoparabolinėms lygtims su integralinėmis sąlygomis sudarytos ir išnagrinėtos padidinto tikslumo skirtuminės schemos. Išnagrinėta dvimatė pseudoparabolinė lygtis su nelokaliosiomis integralinėmis sąlygomis viena koordinačių kryptimi. Tokiam uždaviniui spręsti pritaikytas ir išnagrinėtas lokaliai vienmatis metodas, ištirtos šio metodo stabilumo sąlygos. Taip pat išnagrinėtos: trisluoksnės skirtuminės schemos vienmatei pseudoparabolinei lygčiai su įvairiomis, taip pat ir nelokaliosiomis, sąlygomis; trisluoksnių išreikštinių skirtuminių schemų stabilumo sąlygos.