The engineering technology department at ETSU currently lacks a modern method to teach digital circuits. The aim of this thesis is to convert our current digital circuits labs to equivalent labs suited to run on the Basys 3. The Basys has several advantages over the aging NI Elvis boards (and now just breadboards) currently in use. The first advantage is that the Basys gives students a taste of FPGA programming without being overwhelmingly; like the systems currently in place for the digital signal processing class. The Basys is also a more modern system; our current integrated circuit and breadboard system is from the 70’s and has little to do with the modern world of electronics. There are several major difficulties with moving towards the Basys 3. It requires several tweaks to the current computer security setting of the lab computers. The other issue to be solved is that very few people in the department have even an inkling of how to program in VHDL and most of them are outgoing students. This lack of skills could be a threat to the class but I have included an appendix and a few recommendations for books on the subject to ensure that system development can continue. The other objective of this project was to see if there were ways to incorporate new educational techniques into the engineering technology curriculum. While there have been no actual tests on students, the groundwork has been laid to use some new ideas in the classroom. All of these new systems are designed to get students to think about how devices actually work and develop models to help them fully understand what is being taught.

When considering Boolean switching functions with n input variables, there are 2^(2^n) possible functions that can be realized by enumerating all possible combinations of input values and arrangements of output values. As is expected with double exponential growth, the number of functions becomes unmanageable very quickly as n increases. This thesis develops a new approach for computing the spectral classes where the spectral operations are performed by manipulating the truth tables rather than first moving to the spectral domain to manipulate the spectral coefficients. Additionally, a generic approach is developed for modeling these spectral operations within the functional domain. The results of this research match previous for n < or = to 4 but differ when n=5 is considered. This research indicates with a high level of confidence that there are in fact 15 previously unidentified classes, for a total of 206 spectral classes needed to represent all 2^(2^n) Boolean functions.

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Os dispositivos lógicos programáveis pertencentes à família APEX 20K, são configurados no momento da inicialização do sistema com dados armazenados em dispositivos especificamente desenvolvidos para esse fim. Esta família de FPGAs possui uma interface otimizada, permitindo também que microprocessadores os configure de maneira serial ou paralela, síncrona ou assíncronamente. Depois de configurados, estes FPGAs podem ser reconfigurados em tempo real com novos dados de configuração. A reconfiguração em tempo real conduz a inovadoras aplicações de computação reconfigurável. Os dispositivos de configuração disponíveis comercialmente, limitam-se a configurar os FPGAs apenas no momento da inicialização do sistema e sempre com o mesmo arquivo de configuração. Este trabalho apresenta a implementação de um controlador de configuração capaz de gerenciar a configuração e reconfiguração de múltiplos FPGAs, a partir de vários arquivos distintos de configuração. Todo o projeto é desenvolvido, testado e validado através da ferramenta EDA Quartus™ II, que propicia um ambiente de desenvolvimento integrado de projeto, compilação e síntese lógica, simulação e análise de tempo. / The APEX 20K programmable logic devices family, are configured at system power-up with data stored in a specific serial configuration device. This family of FPGAs contain an optimized interface that permits microprocessors to configure APEX 20K devices serially or in parallel, and synchronously or asynchronously. After configured, it can be reconfigured in-circuit by resetting the device and loading new data. Real-time changes lead to innovative reconfigurable computing applications. The commercial available configuration devices limit to configure the APEX 20K devices only on the system power-up and always with the same configuration data file. This work shows a configuration controller implementation that can manage the configuration and reconfiguration of several FPGAs from multiple configuration files. The entire project is developed, tested and validated through the EDA tool Quartus™ II, that provide a integrated package with HDL and schematic design entry, compilation and logic synthesis, full simulation and worst-case timing analysis.

Os dispositivos lógicos programáveis pertencentes à família APEX 20K, são configurados no momento da inicialização do sistema com dados armazenados em dispositivos especificamente desenvolvidos para esse fim. Esta família de FPGAs possui uma interface otimizada, permitindo também que microprocessadores os configure de maneira serial ou paralela, síncrona ou assíncronamente. Depois de configurados, estes FPGAs podem ser reconfigurados em tempo real com novos dados de configuração. A reconfiguração em tempo real conduz a inovadoras aplicações de computação reconfigurável. Os dispositivos de configuração disponíveis comercialmente, limitam-se a configurar os FPGAs apenas no momento da inicialização do sistema e sempre com o mesmo arquivo de configuração. Este trabalho apresenta a implementação de um controlador de configuração capaz de gerenciar a configuração e reconfiguração de múltiplos FPGAs, a partir de vários arquivos distintos de configuração. Todo o projeto é desenvolvido, testado e validado através da ferramenta EDA Quartus™ II, que propicia um ambiente de desenvolvimento integrado de projeto, compilação e síntese lógica, simulação e análise de tempo. / The APEX 20K programmable logic devices family, are configured at system power-up with data stored in a specific serial configuration device. This family of FPGAs contain an optimized interface that permits microprocessors to configure APEX 20K devices serially or in parallel, and synchronously or asynchronously. After configured, it can be reconfigured in-circuit by resetting the device and loading new data. Real-time changes lead to innovative reconfigurable computing applications. The commercial available configuration devices limit to configure the APEX 20K devices only on the system power-up and always with the same configuration data file. This work shows a configuration controller implementation that can manage the configuration and reconfiguration of several FPGAs from multiple configuration files. The entire project is developed, tested and validated through the EDA tool Quartus™ II, that provide a integrated package with HDL and schematic design entry, compilation and logic synthesis, full simulation and worst-case timing analysis.

This thesis presents teaching fundamentals of digital logic design and VLSI design for freshmen and even for high school students using e-textiles. This easily grabs attention of students as it is creative and interesting. Using e-textiles to project these concepts would be easily understood by students at young age. This involves stitching electronic circuits on a fabric using basic components like LEDs, push buttons and so on. The functioning of these circuits is programmed in Lilypad Arduino. By using this method, students get exposed to basic electronic concepts at early stage which eventually develops interest towards engineering field.

Integrated Circuits (ICs) have a broad range of applications in healthcare, military, consumer electronics etc. The acronym VLSI stands for Very Large Scale Integration and is a process of making ICs by placing millions of transistors on a single chip. Because of advancements in VLSI design technologies, ICs are getting smaller, faster in speed and more efficient, making personal devices handy, and with more features. In this thesis work an interactive framework is designed in which the fundamental concepts of digital logic design and VLSI design such as logic gates, MOS transistors, combinational and sequential logic circuits, and memory are presented in a simple, interactive and user friendly way to create interest in students towards engineering fields, especially Electrical Engineering and Computer Engineering. Most of the concepts are explained in this framework by taking the examples which we see in our daily lives. Some of the critical design concerns such as power and performance are presented in an interactive way to make sure that students can understand these significant concepts in an easy and user friendly way.

O presente trabalho descreve o desenvolvimento de um microcomputador de 8 bits. O projeto inclui além dos circuitos básicos, lógica adicional para extender a memória contornando o limite normal de endereçamento. Um disco virtual uma interface em RAM e uma interface para \"Winchester\" foram desenvolvidas para extender a capacidade de armazenamento secundário e a velocidade de execução. Suporte para o coprocessador AM9511 é fornecido para freqüentes cálculos em ponto flutuante. Rotinas para operações básicas de E/,. manipulação da memória e \"Caching\" de disco, foram desenvolvidas para suportar o sistema operacional CP/M. Um monitor residente com montador, desmontador e funções de E/S de alto nível, foi construído para ajudar no desenvolvimento de aplicações dedicadas. / The present works describes the development of an 8 bits microcomputer system. The project includes, besides the basic circuity, additional logic for memory extension behind the regular address limit. A virtual RAM disk and a Winchester interface were developed to extend secondary storage and execution speed. For floating point intensive calculations support for an AM9511 coprocessor is given. Routines for basic I/O operations, memory management and disk \"Caching\" were developed to support the CP/M operating system. A resident monitor with assembly, disassembly and high level I/O functions was constructed to aid the development of dedicated application.

O presente trabalho descreve o desenvolvimento de um microcomputador de 8 bits. O projeto inclui além dos circuitos básicos, lógica adicional para extender a memória contornando o limite normal de endereçamento. Um disco virtual uma interface em RAM e uma interface para \"Winchester\" foram desenvolvidas para extender a capacidade de armazenamento secundário e a velocidade de execução. Suporte para o coprocessador AM9511 é fornecido para freqüentes cálculos em ponto flutuante. Rotinas para operações básicas de E/,. manipulação da memória e \"Caching\" de disco, foram desenvolvidas para suportar o sistema operacional CP/M. Um monitor residente com montador, desmontador e funções de E/S de alto nível, foi construído para ajudar no desenvolvimento de aplicações dedicadas. / The present works describes the development of an 8 bits microcomputer system. The project includes, besides the basic circuity, additional logic for memory extension behind the regular address limit. A virtual RAM disk and a Winchester interface were developed to extend secondary storage and execution speed. For floating point intensive calculations support for an AM9511 coprocessor is given. Routines for basic I/O operations, memory management and disk \"Caching\" were developed to support the CP/M operating system. A resident monitor with assembly, disassembly and high level I/O functions was constructed to aid the development of dedicated application.

L'objectif de la thèse est de concevoir des compensateurs discrets qui permettent de compenser les non-linéarités introduites par les différents éléments dans la boucle de commande numérique, tout en maintenant des performances dynamiques élevées, des temps de développement rapide, et une structure reconfigurable. Ces compensateurs discrets doivent également avoir des temps de réponse rapide, avoir une déviation de la tension minimale et avoir, pour un étage de puissance donné, un temps de récupération rapide de la tension. Ces performances peuvent être atteintes par des compensateurs discrets conçus sur la base de techniques de contrôle linéaires et non linéaires. Pour obtenir une réponse rapide et stable, la thèse propose deux solutions : La première consiste à utiliser des techniques de contrôle linéaires et de concevoir le compensateur discret tout en gardant la bande passante la plus élevée possible. Il est communément admis que plus la bande passante est élevée, plus la réponse transitoire est rapide. L‘obtention d’une bande passante élevée, en utilisant des techniques de contrôle linéaires, est parfois difficile. Toutes ces situations sont mises en évidence dans la thèse. La seconde consiste à combiner les techniques de contrôle linéaires avec les techniques de contrôles non linéaires tels que la logique floue ou les réseaux de neurones. Les résultats de simulations ont permis de vérifier que la combinaison des contrôleurs non-linéaires avec les linéaires ont un meilleur rendement dynamique que les contrôleurs linéaires lorsque le point de fonctionnement varie. Avec l'aide des deux méthodes décrites ci-dessus, la thèse étudie également la technique de l’annulation des pôles-zéros (PZC) qui annule la fonction de transfert du convertisseur. Quelques modifications des techniques classiques de contrôle sont également proposées à partir de contrôleurs numériques afin d’améliorer les performances dynamiques. La thèse met également en évidence les non-linéarités qui dégradent les performances, propose les solutions permettant d'obtenir les meilleures performances, et lève les mystères du contrôle numérique. Une interface graphique est également introduite et illustrée dans le cas de la conception d'un convertisseur abaisseur de tension synchrone. En résumé, cette thèse décrit principalement l'analyse, la conception, la simulation, l’optimisation la mise en œuvre et la rentabilité des contrôleurs numériques. Une attention particulière est portée à l'analyse et l'optimisation des performances dynamique à haute fréquence et pour de faibles puissances des convertisseurs DC-DC abaisseur de tension. Ces convertisseurs fonctionnent en mode de conduction continue (CCM) à une fréquence de commutation de 1 MHz et s’appuie sur des techniques de contrôle linéaires et non linéaires de façon séquentielle. / The objective of the thesis is to design the discrete compensators which counteract the nonlinearities introduced by various elements in the digital control loop while delivering high dynamic performance, fast time-to-market and scalability. Excellent line and fast load transient response, which is a measure of the system response speed, with minimal achievable voltage deviation and a fast voltage recovery time for a given power stage can be achieved through the discrete compensators designed on the basis of linear and nonlinear control techniques. To achieve a stable and fast response, the thesis proposes two ways. One way is to use linear control techniques to design the discrete compensator while keeping the bandwidth higher. It is well-known fact that the higher the bandwidth, the faster is the transient response. Achieving higher bandwidth through linear control techniques sometimes becomes tricky. All those situations are highlighted in the thesis. The other way is to hybridize the linear control techniques with the nonlinear control techniques such as fuzzy logic or neural network based control techniques. Simulation results verify that hybridization of nonlinear controllers with the linear ones have better dynamic performance over linear controllers under the change of operating points. Along with using the two methodologies described above, the thesis also investigates the pole-zero cancellation (PZC) technique in which the poles and zeros of the compensator are placed in such a way that they cancel the effect of the poles or zeros of the buck converter to boost the phase margin at the required bandwidth. Some modifications are also suggested to the classical control techniques based digital controllers to improve the dynamic performance. The thesis highlights the nonlinearities which degrade the performance, a cost-effective solution that achieves good performance and the mysteries of digital control system. A graphical user interface is introduced and demonstrated for use with the design of a synchronous-buck converter. In summary, this thesis mainly describes the analysis, design, simulation, optimization, implementation and cost effectiveness of digital controllers with particular focus on the analysis and the optimization of the dynamic performance for high-frequency low-power DC-DC buck converter working in continuous conduction mode (CCM) operating at a switching frequency of 1 MHz using linear and nonlinear control techniques in a very sequential and comprehensive way.