Statistical analysis is used quite heavily in production operations. To use certain advanced statistical approaches such as Bayesian analysis, statistical models must be built. This thesis demonstrates the process of building the Bayesian models and addresses some of the classical limitations by presenting mathematical examples and proofs, by demonstrating the process with experimental and simulated implementations, and by completing basic analysis of the performance of the implemented models. From the analysis, it is shown that the performance of the Bayesian models is directly related to the amount of separation between the likelihood distributions that describe the behavior of the data features used to generate the multivariate Bayesian models. More specifically, the more features that had clear separation between the likelihood distributions for each possible condition, the more accurate the results were. This is shown to be true regardless of the quantity of data used to generate the model distributions during model building. In cases where distribution overlap is present, it is found that models performance become more consistent as the amount of data used to generate the models increases. In cases where distribution overlap is minimal, it is found that models performance become consistent within 4-6 data sets.

Large Area Maskless Photopolymerization (LAMP) is a novel additive manufacturing technology currently being developed at Georgia Tech in collaboration with the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor and PCC Airfoils. It is intended for the fabrication of integrally cored ceramic molds for the investment casting of precision components such as high-pressure turbine blades. This dissertation addresses the digital data processing and computational design needs for this technology. Several data processing schemes like direct slicing, STL slicing, post-processing schemes like error checking, part placement and tiling etc. were developed in order to enable the basic functionality of the LAMP process. A detailed overview of these schemes and their implementation details are given in this dissertation. Several computational schemes to improve the quality and accuracy of parts produced through the LAMP process were also implemented. These include a novel volume deviation based adaptive slicing method to adaptively slice native CAD models, a gray scaling and dithering approach to reduce stair stepping effect on downward facing surfaces and a preliminary experimental study to characterize the side curing behavior of the LAMP photo-curable suspension for pre-build image compensation. The implementation details and a discussion of the results obtained using these schemes are given. A novel approach for addressing the “floating island” problem encountered in additive manufacturing was also developed. The need for supports specific to the kind of parts being built through LAMP is evaluated and a support generation strategy different from the previously reported approaches in the literature is presented. Finally, a few novel film cooling schemes that are extremely challenging to fabricate using existing manufacturing technologies but possible to fabricate using LAMP are chosen and analyzed for their cooling performance. It is shown that such novel schemes perform much better in cooling the blade surface than the conventionally implemented schemes and hence this final component of work gives a better appreciation of the impact LAMP technology has in disrupting the state of the art in turbine blade manufacturing and truly taking the blade designs to the next level.

<p>With recent technical development computer aided design and manufacturing has taken amore important role in the product life cycle. New business segments such as Product/ServiceSystems and remanufacturing is emerging. This development demands better control of theproduct data throughout the entire product life cycle. Computer aided design is widelyrecognized and used within the manufacturing industries and in recent years the importance ofDigital manufacturing has increased. One part of Digital manufacturing is paperlessproduction which involves all orders and working instruction shown for example on a screenrather than on a piece of paper. In order to aid companies in creating better workinginstructions Dassault Systémes has launched the product 3Dvia Composer.The company DELFOi is working with digital manufacturing on the Nordic market and is areseller of Dassault Systémes products. DELFOi wants to know if 3Dvia Composer hasanything valuable to add to their product portfolio, what profits may be gained from it andwhat type of costumers that can make use of the product. DELFOi also wants to know whatparts of the product life cycle that can be covered by 3Dvia Composer and how to implementthe program into their product portfolio.To achieve this five companies that operate in different parts of the product life cycle wasinterviewed in order to map how they work with instructions and to identify their needsregarding their methodology. Theories about man/machine-interface have been studied andthese theories, together with the result from the interviews, form the base from which thepossibilities of 3Dvia Composer are evaluated. The software is also compared to other similarsoftware in a benchmarking. A document that describes the implementation process for 3DviaComposer at a customer site is compiled and presented.The study shows that interactive working instructions has a lot of advantages and can solve alot of problems related to work instructions that are identified in this study. 3Dvia Composeris a competent software for creating interactive work instructions. Regardless, great deals ofresources are required to sell 3Dvia Composer due to that most companies, even though theyidentify a lot of problems, seem satisfied with the current method for working instructions,and therefore do not seek change.</p> / <p>I takt med den tekniska utvecklingen har datorstödd konstruktion och produktion blivit en alltviktigare del i produktlivscykeln. Nya affärsområden såsom funktionsförsäljning ochåtertillverkning där tillverkande företag har tagit på sig ett allt större ansvar för helaproduktlivscykeln har växt fram på senare tid. Detta ställer allt högre krav på att ha kontrollöver produktdata under hela produktlivscykeln. Datorstödd konstruktion är sedan länge utbrettoch etablerat inom industrin och på senare år har även digital manufacturing , med i vilketPapperslös produktion är en del fått en allt större betydelse. Papperslös produktion innebär attalla order och arbetsinstruktioner visas t.ex. på en skärm istället för i pappersform. För atthjälpa företag att bereda bättre arbetsinstruktioner har Dassault Systémes lanserat produkten3Dvia Composer.Företaget DELFOi arbetar med digital manufacturing på den nordiska marknaden och äråterförsäljare av Dassault Systémes produkter. DELFOi önskar veta om 3Dvia Composer ären produkt som tillför produktportföljen något och vilka vinster den kan ge deras kunder. Detär även viktigt att företaget har en modell som kan användas för att marknadsföra ochimplementera Composer framgångsrikt hos kund.För att utreda detta intervjuades fem företag som bereder instruktioner för olika delar avproduktlivscykeln. Deras arbetssätt kring arbetsinstruktioner kartlades, samt behov och bristeri arbetssätt identifierades. Teorier för människa/maskin-gränssnitt och elektroniskaarbetsinstruktioner studerades. Utifrån dessa teorier och resultatet från intervjuernautvärderades sedan 3Dvia Composers kompetens för framtagning av arbetsinstruktioner.Programvaran jämfördes också med konkurrerande program i en benchmarking. Slutligenarbetades metodik och dokument fram för hur DELFOi kan implementera 3Dvia Composerhos kund.Detta arbete visar att interaktiva arbetsinstruktioner har många fördelar och kan lösa många avde problem som företag idag identifierar relaterat till beredning av arbetsinstruktioner och3Dvia Composer är en kompetent programvara för att uppnå detta. Det kommer dock attkrävas stora arbetsresurser för att sälja 3Dvia Composer, eftersom de flesta företag, trots enrad uttalade problem, är nöjda med dagens arbetsmetodik och därför har svårt att söka nyalösningar på problemen.</p>

With recent technical development computer aided design and manufacturing has taken amore important role in the product life cycle. New business segments such as Product/ServiceSystems and remanufacturing is emerging. This development demands better control of theproduct data throughout the entire product life cycle. Computer aided design is widelyrecognized and used within the manufacturing industries and in recent years the importance ofDigital manufacturing has increased. One part of Digital manufacturing is paperlessproduction which involves all orders and working instruction shown for example on a screenrather than on a piece of paper. In order to aid companies in creating better workinginstructions Dassault Systémes has launched the product 3Dvia Composer.The company DELFOi is working with digital manufacturing on the Nordic market and is areseller of Dassault Systémes products. DELFOi wants to know if 3Dvia Composer hasanything valuable to add to their product portfolio, what profits may be gained from it andwhat type of costumers that can make use of the product. DELFOi also wants to know whatparts of the product life cycle that can be covered by 3Dvia Composer and how to implementthe program into their product portfolio.To achieve this five companies that operate in different parts of the product life cycle wasinterviewed in order to map how they work with instructions and to identify their needsregarding their methodology. Theories about man/machine-interface have been studied andthese theories, together with the result from the interviews, form the base from which thepossibilities of 3Dvia Composer are evaluated. The software is also compared to other similarsoftware in a benchmarking. A document that describes the implementation process for 3DviaComposer at a customer site is compiled and presented.The study shows that interactive working instructions has a lot of advantages and can solve alot of problems related to work instructions that are identified in this study. 3Dvia Composeris a competent software for creating interactive work instructions. Regardless, great deals ofresources are required to sell 3Dvia Composer due to that most companies, even though theyidentify a lot of problems, seem satisfied with the current method for working instructions,and therefore do not seek change. / I takt med den tekniska utvecklingen har datorstödd konstruktion och produktion blivit en alltviktigare del i produktlivscykeln. Nya affärsområden såsom funktionsförsäljning ochåtertillverkning där tillverkande företag har tagit på sig ett allt större ansvar för helaproduktlivscykeln har växt fram på senare tid. Detta ställer allt högre krav på att ha kontrollöver produktdata under hela produktlivscykeln. Datorstödd konstruktion är sedan länge utbrettoch etablerat inom industrin och på senare år har även digital manufacturing , med i vilketPapperslös produktion är en del fått en allt större betydelse. Papperslös produktion innebär attalla order och arbetsinstruktioner visas t.ex. på en skärm istället för i pappersform. För atthjälpa företag att bereda bättre arbetsinstruktioner har Dassault Systémes lanserat produkten3Dvia Composer.Företaget DELFOi arbetar med digital manufacturing på den nordiska marknaden och äråterförsäljare av Dassault Systémes produkter. DELFOi önskar veta om 3Dvia Composer ären produkt som tillför produktportföljen något och vilka vinster den kan ge deras kunder. Detär även viktigt att företaget har en modell som kan användas för att marknadsföra ochimplementera Composer framgångsrikt hos kund.För att utreda detta intervjuades fem företag som bereder instruktioner för olika delar avproduktlivscykeln. Deras arbetssätt kring arbetsinstruktioner kartlades, samt behov och bristeri arbetssätt identifierades. Teorier för människa/maskin-gränssnitt och elektroniskaarbetsinstruktioner studerades. Utifrån dessa teorier och resultatet från intervjuernautvärderades sedan 3Dvia Composers kompetens för framtagning av arbetsinstruktioner.Programvaran jämfördes också med konkurrerande program i en benchmarking. Slutligenarbetades metodik och dokument fram för hur DELFOi kan implementera 3Dvia Composerhos kund.Detta arbete visar att interaktiva arbetsinstruktioner har många fördelar och kan lösa många avde problem som företag idag identifierar relaterat till beredning av arbetsinstruktioner och3Dvia Composer är en kompetent programvara för att uppnå detta. Det kommer dock attkrävas stora arbetsresurser för att sälja 3Dvia Composer, eftersom de flesta företag, trots enrad uttalade problem, är nöjda med dagens arbetsmetodik och därför har svårt att söka nyalösningar på problemen.

Orientador: Gustavo Franco Barbosa / Resumo: O presente projeto de pesquisa, tem como objetivo estudar a viabilidade técnica e financeira para implementação de um manipulador robótico colaborativo,para bioimpressão, utilizando seringas para aplicação da biotinta, definindo os parâmetros de impressão, materiais e equipamentos disponíveis. Propõe-se um estudo sobre os desafios da bioimpressão, tanto na área de desenvolvimento de novos equipamentos,processos e materiais, assim como os desafios sobre impressão de tecidos humanos com células vivas. O trabalho foi realizado com base na revisão da literatura, abordando os principais autores e empresas especializadas no tema proposto, de modo a alcançar o objetivo. O presente projeto estudará a viabilidade de implementação das seringas como efetuador em um manipulador robótico. A metodologia consiste em modelo teórico, seleção dos materiais disponíveis, dividido em quatro etapas, onde serão analisados: concepção, modelo 3D, validação da ideia com simulação em ambiente virtual e fabricação do protótipo em um momento futuro. Os métodos aplicados no projeto contam com um enfoque descritivo qualitativo, com o objetivo de estudar as características e equipamentos apresentados para a fabricação de arcabouços (scaffolds) e tecidos com o uso de robô colaborativo. / Abstract: This research project aims to study the technical and financial feasibility of implementing a collaborative robotic manipulator, for bioprinting, using syringes for bioinkapplication, defining the printing parameters, materials and equipment available. A study is proposed on the challenges of bioprinting, both in the area of development of new equipment, processes and materials, as well as the challenges of printing human tissues with living cells. The work was based on the literature review, approaching the main authors and companies specialized in the proposed theme, in order to reach the objective. This project will study the feasibility of implementing syringes as an effector in a robotic manipulator. The methodology consists of theoretical model, selection of available materials, divided into four stages, which will be analyzed: conception, 3D model, idea validation with simulation in virtual environment and prototypefabrication in a future moment. The methods applied in the project have a qualitative descriptive approach, aiming to study the characteristics and equipment presented for the manufacture of scaffolds and fabrics using a collaborative robot. / Mestre

Resumo: A Fábrica Digital é um conceito que melhora a colaboração entre os processos de engenharia, durante o desenvolvimento dos produtos. Suportado por ferramentas de software interligadas por meio de uma base única de dados, este conceito permite que os engenheiros visualizem e corrijam antecipadamente os principais problemas relacionados aos processos de manufatura. Com a simulação tridimensional de uma fábrica virtual é possível determinar, sem a construção de protótipos físicos, como funcionará a fábrica real. A identificação antecipada das modificações de produtos, processos e recursos traz benefícios, uma vez que os custos das revisões aumentam à medida que o produto avança na produção. Mas, apesar dos benefícios trazidos por este conceito, falhas podem ocorrer na sua implantação. Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo apresentar os Fatores Críticos de Sucesso (FCS) na implantação de um projeto de Fábrica Digital em uma empresa Brasileira, usada como estudo de caso. Como pouco se conhece sobre este tipo de projeto, os FCS foram identificados por meio de uma pesquisa exploratória em implantações de sistemas ERP, PLM e sistemas em geral. Após agrupados e validados, foram priorizados utilizando-se os métodos Delphi e AHP, por profissionais de mais três empresas que implantam projetos de Fábrica Digital, no Brasil e exterior. Entre nove FCS identificados, cinco obtiveram as maiores prioridades: apoio e comprometimento contínuo da alta gerência, abrangente reengenharia do negócio, parceiros com conhecimento e experiência, participação e comprometimento do usuário e adequado papel do líder do projeto. As contribuições desta pesquisa são a divulgação da Fábrica Digital, especialmente no Brasil, onde ainda é pouco conhecida e a utilização dos resultados por gerentes de projetos de Fábrica Digital e de projetos similares. / Abstract: The Digital Factory is a concept which improves the collaboration between engineering processes during product development. Supported by software tools interconnected by a single data base, this concept enables engineers to preview the main problems concerning the manufacturing processes, and to correct them in advance. With a three-dimensional virtual factory simulation it is possible to determine how the real factory will work, without the construction of physical prototypes. Prior identification of product modifications, processes and resources can be beneficial due to the increasing revision costs as production processes proceed. Despite the benefits brought by this concept, problems may occur during implementation, though. This research aims at presenting the Critical Success Factors (CSFs) in the implementation of a Digital Factory project in a Brazilian company, used as case study. Because little is known about this kind of project, the CSFs were identified by an exploratory survey on the implementation of ERP and PLM systems as well as on systems in general. After having been grouped and validated, they were given priority through the use of Delphi and AHP methods; this evaluation was carried out by professionals of more three enterprises which implement Digital Factory projects, in Brazil and abroad. Five out of the nine CSFs identified were classified as main priorities: continuous support and commitment of high management, comprehensive business reengineering, skilled and experienced partners, participation and commitment of users, and role properness of the project manager. This research contributions are the Digital Factory divulgence mainly in Brazil, where it is still scarcely known, and the use of those results by managers of Digital Factory projects as well as other similar projects. / Orientador: Maurício César Delamaro / Coorientador: Edgard Dias Batista Júnior / Banca: Marco Antonio Chamon / Banca: Dagoberto Alves de Ameida / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-09-17Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T21:00:24Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 decarli_pc_me_guara.pdf: 1664662 bytes, checksum: 1be8cac5fe90814456040275f7e3d7f8 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A Fábrica Digital é um conceito que melhora a colaboração entre os processos de engenharia, durante o desenvolvimento dos produtos. Suportado por ferramentas de software interligadas por meio de uma base única de dados, este conceito permite que os engenheiros visualizem e corrijam antecipadamente os principais problemas relacionados aos processos de manufatura. Com a simulação tridimensional de uma fábrica virtual é possível determinar, sem a construção de protótipos físicos, como funcionará a fábrica real. A identificação antecipada das modificações de produtos, processos e recursos traz benefícios, uma vez que os custos das revisões aumentam à medida que o produto avança na produção. Mas, apesar dos benefícios trazidos por este conceito, falhas podem ocorrer na sua implantação. Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo apresentar os Fatores Críticos de Sucesso (FCS) na implantação de um projeto de Fábrica Digital em uma empresa Brasileira, usada como estudo de caso. Como pouco se conhece sobre este tipo de projeto, os FCS foram identificados por meio de uma pesquisa exploratória em implantações de sistemas ERP, PLM e sistemas em geral. Após agrupados e validados, foram priorizados utilizando-se os métodos Delphi e AHP, por profissionais de mais três empresas que implantam projetos de Fábrica Digital, no Brasil e exterior. Entre nove FCS identificados, cinco obtiveram as maiores prioridades: apoio e comprometimento contínuo da alta gerência, abrangente reengenharia do negócio, parceiros com conhecimento e experiência, participação e comprometimento do usuário e adequado papel do líder do projeto. As contribuições desta pesquisa são a divulgação da Fábrica Digital, especialmente no Brasil, onde ainda é pouco conhecida e a utilização dos resultados por gerentes de projetos de Fábrica Digital e de projetos similares. / The Digital Factory is a concept which improves the collaboration between engineering processes during product development. Supported by software tools interconnected by a single data base, this concept enables engineers to preview the main problems concerning the manufacturing processes, and to correct them in advance. With a three-dimensional virtual factory simulation it is possible to determine how the real factory will work, without the construction of physical prototypes. Prior identification of product modifications, processes and resources can be beneficial due to the increasing revision costs as production processes proceed. Despite the benefits brought by this concept, problems may occur during implementation, though. This research aims at presenting the Critical Success Factors (CSFs) in the implementation of a Digital Factory project in a Brazilian company, used as case study. Because little is known about this kind of project, the CSFs were identified by an exploratory survey on the implementation of ERP and PLM systems as well as on systems in general. After having been grouped and validated, they were given priority through the use of Delphi and AHP methods; this evaluation was carried out by professionals of more three enterprises which implement Digital Factory projects, in Brazil and abroad. Five out of the nine CSFs identified were classified as main priorities: continuous support and commitment of high management, comprehensive business reengineering, skilled and experienced partners, participation and commitment of users, and role properness of the project manager. This research contributions are the Digital Factory divulgence mainly in Brazil, where it is still scarcely known, and the use of those results by managers of Digital Factory projects as well as other similar projects.

Móveis: da visualidade à visualização é uma pesquisa teóricoprática que pretende discutir como o senso de espaço se transforma na percepção do mundo digitalizado e como isso é manifestado na arte contemporânea. Para isso, visamos aliar a prática artística, através da conclusão de um experimento artístico denominado Móveis, à reflexão. O experimento se realiza por processos híbridos possibilitados pelo digital e consolida-se como uma metacriação a partir do processamento da grande variedade de imagens e informações dispostas e trocadas diariamente pela cultura. No processo de desenvolvimento do experimento artístico Móveis, diferentes práticas e softwares são integrados para a visualização de informações e \"mineração\" visual de dados, composição de arquivos de pesquisa, remixagem e apresentação da obra. Nesses desdobramentos, consideramos práticas como remix e a visualização de dados não apenas como agentes de uma forma final específica ou de análise e demonstração de dados, mas como geradoras de um projeto para a criação. Na construção do projeto, instrumentos são utilizados como meio e não como fim, portanto pretendeu-se enfatizá-los enquanto geradores de métodos, estratégias e etapas para o projeto artístico -- não ficando aparente em sua forma final e sendo possível de ser verificados enquanto processo. No decorrer desse desenvolvimento, a elaboração conceitual funde-se à prática, determinando o caminho de compreensão das atividades envolvidas. / Movable: from Visuality to Visualization is a practise-based research that intends to discuss on how the sense of space changes through the perception of the digitized world and how this is manifested in contemporary art. For this purpose, we aim to combine artistic practice to the reflection, through the conclusion of an artistic experiment called Movable. The experiment was carried out by hybrid processes made possible by digital media and was consolidated as a meta-creation from the processing of a huge variety of imagery and information arranged and exchanged daily by the culture. In the process of developing the artistic experiment \"Movable\", different practices and softwares were integrated for information visualization and visual data mining, for the composition of research files, remixing and for presentation of the work. In these developments, we have considered practices such as remixing and visualization of data not only as agents of a specific final form or of analysis and data demonstration but as generators of a project for creation. In the construction of the project, instruments were used as a medium and not as an end, so it was intended to emphasize them as generators of methods, strategies and stages for the artistic project - not becoming apparent in its final form and being possible to be verified as a process. In the course of this development, conceptual elaboration was based on practice, determining the path of understanding of the activities involved.

Móveis: da visualidade à visualização é uma pesquisa teóricoprática que pretende discutir como o senso de espaço se transforma na percepção do mundo digitalizado e como isso é manifestado na arte contemporânea. Para isso, visamos aliar a prática artística, através da conclusão de um experimento artístico denominado Móveis, à reflexão. O experimento se realiza por processos híbridos possibilitados pelo digital e consolida-se como uma metacriação a partir do processamento da grande variedade de imagens e informações dispostas e trocadas diariamente pela cultura. No processo de desenvolvimento do experimento artístico Móveis, diferentes práticas e softwares são integrados para a visualização de informações e \"mineração\" visual de dados, composição de arquivos de pesquisa, remixagem e apresentação da obra. Nesses desdobramentos, consideramos práticas como remix e a visualização de dados não apenas como agentes de uma forma final específica ou de análise e demonstração de dados, mas como geradoras de um projeto para a criação. Na construção do projeto, instrumentos são utilizados como meio e não como fim, portanto pretendeu-se enfatizá-los enquanto geradores de métodos, estratégias e etapas para o projeto artístico -- não ficando aparente em sua forma final e sendo possível de ser verificados enquanto processo. No decorrer desse desenvolvimento, a elaboração conceitual funde-se à prática, determinando o caminho de compreensão das atividades envolvidas. / Movable: from Visuality to Visualization is a practise-based research that intends to discuss on how the sense of space changes through the perception of the digitized world and how this is manifested in contemporary art. For this purpose, we aim to combine artistic practice to the reflection, through the conclusion of an artistic experiment called Movable. The experiment was carried out by hybrid processes made possible by digital media and was consolidated as a meta-creation from the processing of a huge variety of imagery and information arranged and exchanged daily by the culture. In the process of developing the artistic experiment \"Movable\", different practices and softwares were integrated for information visualization and visual data mining, for the composition of research files, remixing and for presentation of the work. In these developments, we have considered practices such as remixing and visualization of data not only as agents of a specific final form or of analysis and data demonstration but as generators of a project for creation. In the construction of the project, instruments were used as a medium and not as an end, so it was intended to emphasize them as generators of methods, strategies and stages for the artistic project - not becoming apparent in its final form and being possible to be verified as a process. In the course of this development, conceptual elaboration was based on practice, determining the path of understanding of the activities involved.

This thesis explores new ways to integrate manufacturing processes information in to design phases. Through the use of design for manufacturing (DfM) concept, and looking at relations between its potential application in architectural production and its implementation using digital manufacturing technologies, the author implemented a DfM model that varies from previous models by incorporated learning in the process. This process was based on the incremental development and refinement of design heuristics and metrics. The DfM model developed in this research is a process model to be implemented as a framework within educational settings. The proposed model is based in two basic strategies; first a process description in the form of alternative design strategies; and second, the implementation of design heuristics and design metrics. Subsequently, the author tested and refined the model using a sequence of case studies with students. In the final stage, the research evaluated and further developed the DfM model in a component design case study. The general purpose in performing this case studies sequence was to test the proposed DfM model. The second objective was to refine the DfM model by capturing knowledge from the case studies. As a summary, this research conceptualizes from this top-down development approach to create a design for manufacturing model that integrates design and construction in architecture, based on three possible applications fields; DfM teaching approaches development, design processes improvement; and DfM methods development. The final purpose is to provide better foundational constructs for architectural education and to improve teaching approaches that integrate design and manufacturing.