Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:36:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AnuskaIA.pdf: 788750 bytes, checksum: 3e9eb68e01cc2a95f7315ab5b061a6b4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-03-06 / Cooperation is a well known behavior and influenced by all cultures. Probably selective pressures brought advantages to individuals that cooperate, and then this behavior is current in human societies. Most of it is studied about cooperation and natural selection was understood by the game theory, a mathematical approach that helps to understand the conflict and cooperation. We believe that natural selection and game theory could facilitate understanding these behaviors and two theoretical articles were written regarding this view. It was also found that most of data about cooperation was obtained in (with) adults. Since game theory is effective to understand this phenomenon, and to be used and understood, two games were used with five and eleven year old children: the common pool and public goods games. The results are presented in four empirical articles. We found that children respond to social dilemmas of game theory like the adults do. They adjust their rounds regarding the feedback obtained of their partness; in the beginning they cooperate and reduce the degree of cooperation along (throughout) the following session; in the absence of punition the level of opportunism increased, mainly in larger groups; boys and girls behave differently when donate. This research suggest that cooperation has an evolutionary basis in human and it is since earlier in the behavioral pattern shown by adults. / A coopera??o ? um comportamento bastante difundido e estimulado em todas as culturas. Provavelmente press?es seletivas trouxeram vantagens para indiv?duos que cooperavam, e por essa raz?o, esse comportamento est? presente nas sociedades humanas. Muito do que se estuda sobre coopera??o e sele??o natural foi compreendida utilizando a teoria dos jogos, uma abordagem matem?tica que ajuda compreender o conflito e a coopera??o. Acreditamos a sele??o natural e a teoria dos jogos podem nos ajudar a compreender esses comportamentos e escrevemos dois dois artigos te?ricos abordando essa id?ia. Verificamos tamb?m, que muito dos achados sobre coopera??o foram realizados com adultos. Pelo fato da teoria dos jogos ser eficaz para compreender esse fen?meno, e de f?cil aplica??o e compreens?o, utilizamos dois jogos em crian?as de 5 a 11 anos de idade: o jogo da terra dos comuns e o dos bens p?blicos. Os achados est?o relatados em quatro artigos emp?ricos. Neles verificamos que as crian?as respondem aos dilemas sociais da teoria dos jogos de forma semelhante aos adultos. Elas ajustam as jogadas em fun??o do retorno que obt?m dos companheiros; s?o cooperativas no in?cio e reduzem a coopera??o ao longo das sess?es; na aus?ncia de puni??o o n?vel de oportunismo aumentou, principalmente nos grupos grandes; meninos e meninas se comportam de forma diferente na de realizar as doa??es. O conjunto deste trabalho sugere que a coopera??o tem uma base evolutiva em humanos e que ela est? presente desde cedo nos padr?es apresentados pelos adultos

The diploma work deals with ethical dilemmas and conflicts in the European culture. It examines the disturbance of the human destiny in the paradigmatic characters of Antigone and Hamlet. On the basis of the two tragedies, the diploma work tries to reconstruct ethical teaching standing in the background of these two pieces of work. The diploma work is divided into four main chapters. In the first two chapters I concentrated, on the basis of professional literature, on the principal works Antigone and Hamlet. Then I handled the personality of the main characters, their contemplation of the problem, their thinking about how to make a decision and how they came to the way to solve their own situation. The third chapter deals with disturbance of human destiny. The fourth chapter is a synthesis of all the information which I gained while dealing with the topic of the diploma work.

The theoretical part of the dissertation is aimed at identifying and overcoming of dilemmas in social work. It deals with external and internal instruments that help to solve dilemmas, like ethical code, supervising and the personality of the worker. I discuss the starting points of work and the system of services in the drug field in the Czech Republic. The practical part contains an investigative probe focused on the perception of dilemmas in working experience in a facility dealing with lowthreshold services in the drug field. This part explores whether workers in this field feel the dilemma working with clients, how they overcome them and who or what can assist them during the process of overcoming these dilemmas. Furthermore, an investigative probe detects whether the dilemmas in the chosen facility are the same as the theoretically described dilemmas mentioned by L. Musil, a reputable expert in social work.

The aim of this thesis is to examine how ethical dilemmas can be assessed and addressed by the various ethical theories. These are dilemmas experienced by the help workers who encounter within their profession with a group of mistreated and abused children. First part of the thesis provides the description of the specific concepts related to work. The following section is devoted to factors that may influence the emergence of a dilemma and which are reflected within the solutions of the dilemmas. The main part of the thesis deals with the ethical analysis of specific dilemmas identified. Individual dilemmas are analyzed using the literature and ethical approaches. To each dilemma a reflection of its solutions is attached according to ethical theories and ethical codes of the workers from which possible insufficiencies arise. The thesis is concluded by the chapter on the proposed solutions of this situation and the practical benefits of the work.

Submitted by Irene Nascimento (irene.kessia@ufpe.br) on 2016-06-30T17:35:14Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação Iranildo Sales (Versão Digital).pdf: 1813842 bytes, checksum: af158c2f2a91b8f5a05d726a608b2d24 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-30T17:35:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação Iranildo Sales (Versão Digital).pdf: 1813842 bytes, checksum: af158c2f2a91b8f5a05d726a608b2d24 (MD5) Previous issue date: 9-12-09 / No decorrer do século XX e no início século XXI, as políticas de assistencialismo sempre foram motivos de polêmica, de um lado a população a favor das mesmas e do outro uma parcela da sociedade contrária ao movimento. Atualmente, o cenário político do país está, estrategicamente, ligado às políticas de apoio social, tais como, o Programa Ciência sem Fronteiras, o Programa Bolsa Família e há muita discussão sobre a eficácia real desses programas. A Teoria dos Jogos, com o Dilema do Samaritano, introduzido por James Buchanan (1975), vem analisando procedimentos de doação ao redor do mundo, mas ainda não se encontram análises nessa perspectiva no Brasil. Os procedimentos elaborados por Buchanan ajudam a determinar os reais interesses e, por consequência, os possíveis comportamentos dos envolvidos no jogo, com o intuito de promover a melhor proposta social. Portanto, o objetivo geral do trabalho foi a identificação do Dilema do Samaritano aplicado ao contexto do Brasil com a análise das preferencias, intenções, alterações nas utilidades e estratégias dos principais agentes envolvidos no Programa Ciências sem Fronteiras em cenários distintos, levando em consideração os comportamentos e os resultados envolvidos em cada interação. Para tal, foram realizadas entrevistas com os principais impactados pelo jogo. Além dessa análise, foi também possível determinar o impacto do programa sobre a empregabilidade dos participantes. Foram comparados os resultados dos participantes do Programa Ciência sem Fronteira (denominados de estrato de tratamento) com os resultados de um grupo de indivíduos elegíveis que não participaram do Programa (estrato de controle). Para a verificação da similaridade desses grupos foi utilizado o pareamento por escore de propensão, com o intuito de minimizar o viés de seleção dos grupos escolhidos. Os resultados dos questionários mostraram que o Programa traz benefícios no que tange ao aumento da empregabilidade e apresentaram as tendências comportamentais dos agentes envolvidos no jogo, além de comprovar a existência do Dilema do Samaritano no país, demostrando a possível consecução do jogo e como isso pode impactar na implantação do Programa Ciência sem Fronteiras. / During the twentieth and early twenty-first century, welfare policies have always been grounds for controversy, on the one hand the population in favor of them and the other a part of the movement against the company. Nowadays, the political landscape of the country is strategically linked to social support policies, such as the Science Without Borders Program, Bolsa Familia Program and there is much discussion about the real effectiveness of these programs. The Game Theory, with the Samaritan's Dilemma, introduced by James Buchanan (1975), has been analyzing donation procedures around the world, but there are still analyzes this perspective in Brazil. The procedures developed by Buchanan help to determine the real interests and, consequently, the possible behaviors of those involved in the game, in order to promote better social proposal. Therefore, the overall objective was to identify the Samaritan’s Dilemma applied to Brazil the context of the analysis of preferences, intentions, changes in utilities and strategies of players involved in Science Without Borders Program in different scenarios, taking into account the behaviors and the results involved in each iteration. To this end, interviews were conducted with mainly impacted the game. In addition to this analysis, it was also possible to determine the program's impact on the employability of participants. They compared the results of the participants of the Science Without Borders Program (called stratum of treatment) with the results of a group of eligible individuals who did not participate in the Program (the controlling layer). To verify the similarity of these groups we used the pairing by propensity score, in order to minimize selection bias of the chosen groups. The results of the questionnaires showed that the program delivers benefits with respect to increased employability and presented the behavioral tendencies of the agents involved in the game, besides proving the existence of the Samaritan's Dilemma in the country, showing the possible achievement of the game and how it can impact the implementation of the Science Without Borders Program.

Submitted by Cássia Santos (cassia.bcufg@gmail.com) on 2017-04-17T10:54:51Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Davi Lessa de Oliveira - 2017.pdf: 1724647 bytes, checksum: d4c34e65876f2596d9088d4d020780b5 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-04-17T11:09:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Davi Lessa de Oliveira - 2017.pdf: 1724647 bytes, checksum: d4c34e65876f2596d9088d4d020780b5 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-17T11:09:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Davi Lessa de Oliveira - 2017.pdf: 1724647 bytes, checksum: d4c34e65876f2596d9088d4d020780b5 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-27 / This work focuses on presenting the basic elements of the Economic Theory of Games in a way that is suitable for exposition at the mathematical level of high school education in Brazil. With that in mind, the work covers a brief historical context of the subject, classic games of Economic Theory of Games, what are pure and mixed strategies, methods of systematization, the concept of solution, methods to find solutions and, at the end, we suggest a Mathematical Workshop on Economic Theory of Games as a way to introduce the subject to high school students. / Este trabalho concentra-se em apresentar os elementos básicos da Teoria Econômica dos Jogos limitando seu conteúdo ao nível matemático do ensino médio da educação brasileira. Para tanto é nele exposto: uma breve contextualização histórica do assunto, jogos clássicos da Teoria Econômica dos Jogos, o que são estratégias puras e mistas, métodos de sistematização, o conceito de solução, métodos para encontrar soluções e, ao final, uma proposta de oficina matemática sobre Teoria Econômica dos Jogos a ser ministrada a estudantes do ensino médio.

O presente trabalho compreende o estudo de campanhas de comunicação de racionamento de água e luz elétrica pela ótica dos conceitos de dilema social e comunicação de riscos. Para tal, revisamos a bibliografia desses temas e elaboramos uma proposta de análise de conteúdo temática que busca identificar valores e normas sociais desses conceitos nas campanhas publicitárias de dois casos brasileiros escolhidos. / This dissertation involves the study of communication campaigns of water and electrical energy in rationing situations by using concepts of social dilemmas and risk communication. In order to achieve these results, we have reviewed the literature of these subjects, and we have proposed a model of content thematic analysis to identify values and norms of these two concepts on social campaigns of two Brazilian cases.

In recent years, Japan has shifted its security policy towards something we could call an "active pacifism". It can be noted for an increasing engagement of Japan Self-Defense Forces in multilateral operations and an effort to assume a position of a responsible member of the international community and an ally of the USA regarding the keeping of peace and security not only in the region, but also in a global scope. If Japan is, however, an actor whose goal is the maximisation of its own security, the exacerbation of its Self-Defense Forces could be perceived negatively by its neighbour states and its impacts could thus be counterproductive. The thesis applies the theoretical movement of defensive realism on this issue and on its basis, it evaluates the rationality of Japanese security policy, especially of active pacifism.

Thesis uses game theory to explain behavior of certain states in the European sovereign-debt crisis. The goal is to find out, if those states use strategies leading to equilibrium i.e. if they maximize their expected utility. Theoretical part is based mainly on repeated games and Bayesian game. Thesis summarizes development of European sovereign-debt crisis and key economic indicators. It constructs a game model of the crisis and further analyses situation of Germany, France, Italy, Spain and Greece as players in the game. The game model is then tested on key conflict situations such as relations of France and Germany, first Greek bailout negotiations or Spanish bank bailout negotiations. The results show that chosen states do maximize their expected utility in one election period. However maximization of utility in two or more election periods is limited by the parameters of democratic election system - length of election periods and information asymmetry between voters and politicians. The costs of elimination of information asymmetry would be higher than the costs of debt crisis. So even considering the costs of debt crisis the states are in long term equilibrium.

Subject of Diploma thesis is a description of ethical problems and complication of social mechanism related to employing people who suffer from mental illnesses. There are factors which influences opportunities for success, like concealed or unspecified information about diagnosis. It is happening based on experience with labeling and stigmatization. Thesis reflects sick person's dilemmas and social roles and proposes a solutions in the light of ethic. The goal will be to create a design of code of ethics which can be helping people with experience with mental disorders enter to labour market. Keywords ethical problem, dilemma, mental illness, stigmatization, virtue, code of ethics