Doenças invasivas causadas por S. pneumoniae provocam cerca de 1,5 milhões de mortes anuais de crianças no mundo. Testes imunocromatográficos rápidos (dipsticks) são alternativa a métodos diagnósticos tradicionais, devido à fácil execução e baixo custo. Neste estudo foram desenvolvidos dipsticks para diagnóstico de S. pneumoniae utilizando: anticorpos de captura - monoclonais anti-pneumolisina recombinante (Ply) - AcMs D9-43 e E10-24, reativos contra 21 sorotipos prevalentes de S. pneumoniae; anticorpos de detecção (conjugados com diferentes partículas coloidais coloridas - corante têxtil, microesferas e nanopartículas de ouro) - Igs anti-Ply e anti-vacina pneumocócica celular (em desenvolvimento no Instituto Butantan) (anti-WCPV). Dipsticks com anti-Ply ou anti-WCPV conjugados com ouro ou microesferas coloidais detectaram a bactéria em todos os sorotipos prevalentes avaliados, entre 104 e 105 UFC/ml e pneumolisina nativa, em sobrenadantes de cultivo de S. pneumoniae, até uma concentração estimada 19,3 ng/ml e 9.7 ng/ml, respectivamente. Os resultados foram visualizados em aproximadamente 10 min. / Invasive diseases caused by S. pneumoniae are responsible for about 1.5 million child deaths per year worldwide. Rapid Immunochromatographic tests (dipsticks) are alternative to traditional diagnostic methods due to easy execution and low cost. In this study, dipsticks have been developed for diagnosis of S. pneumoniae using: capture antibodies - monoclonal anti- recombinant pneumolysin (Ply), MAbs D9 -43 and E10 - 24, reactive against 21 prevalent serotypes of S. pneumoniae; detection antibodies (conjugated with different colored colloidal particles - textile dye; microspheres and gold nanoparticles) - anti-Ply and anti whole cell pneumococcal vaccine (in developing in the Butantan Institute) (anti- WCPV). Dipsticks with anti-Ply or anti-WCPV conjugated with colloidal gold or microspheres detected the bacterium in all the evaluated prevalent serotypes, between 104 e 105 CFU/ml, and native pneumolysin in culture supernatants of S. pneumoniae to an estimated concentration 19.3 ng/ml and 9.7 ng/ml, respectively. The results could be visualized in around 10 min.

Doenças invasivas causadas por S. pneumoniae provocam cerca de 1,5 milhões de mortes anuais de crianças no mundo. Testes imunocromatográficos rápidos (dipsticks) são alternativa a métodos diagnósticos tradicionais, devido à fácil execução e baixo custo. Neste estudo foram desenvolvidos dipsticks para diagnóstico de S. pneumoniae utilizando: anticorpos de captura - monoclonais anti-pneumolisina recombinante (Ply) - AcMs D9-43 e E10-24, reativos contra 21 sorotipos prevalentes de S. pneumoniae; anticorpos de detecção (conjugados com diferentes partículas coloidais coloridas - corante têxtil, microesferas e nanopartículas de ouro) - Igs anti-Ply e anti-vacina pneumocócica celular (em desenvolvimento no Instituto Butantan) (anti-WCPV). Dipsticks com anti-Ply ou anti-WCPV conjugados com ouro ou microesferas coloidais detectaram a bactéria em todos os sorotipos prevalentes avaliados, entre 104 e 105 UFC/ml e pneumolisina nativa, em sobrenadantes de cultivo de S. pneumoniae, até uma concentração estimada 19,3 ng/ml e 9.7 ng/ml, respectivamente. Os resultados foram visualizados em aproximadamente 10 min. / Invasive diseases caused by S. pneumoniae are responsible for about 1.5 million child deaths per year worldwide. Rapid Immunochromatographic tests (dipsticks) are alternative to traditional diagnostic methods due to easy execution and low cost. In this study, dipsticks have been developed for diagnosis of S. pneumoniae using: capture antibodies - monoclonal anti- recombinant pneumolysin (Ply), MAbs D9 -43 and E10 - 24, reactive against 21 prevalent serotypes of S. pneumoniae; detection antibodies (conjugated with different colored colloidal particles - textile dye; microspheres and gold nanoparticles) - anti-Ply and anti whole cell pneumococcal vaccine (in developing in the Butantan Institute) (anti- WCPV). Dipsticks with anti-Ply or anti-WCPV conjugated with colloidal gold or microspheres detected the bacterium in all the evaluated prevalent serotypes, between 104 e 105 CFU/ml, and native pneumolysin in culture supernatants of S. pneumoniae to an estimated concentration 19.3 ng/ml and 9.7 ng/ml, respectively. The results could be visualized in around 10 min.

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Starting an engine in low temperatures creates unnecessary wear on components due to the insufficient lubrication of cold engine oil. A cold engine produces more emissions and consumes more fuel. Not all cars are equipped with engine heaters and installing an aftermarket heater is both expensive and time consuming. The aim with this project is to develop a universal engine heater with the ability to heat engine oil efficiently. Installing the engine heater should not require any special tools or expertise. To create a universal engine heater the construction is flexible similar to an electric cable and the length can be modified. The lower part, in contact with the engine oil, contains a resistor with an outside cover of steel to efficiently transfer heat. The challenge is to create an engine heater that is efficient in heating the engine oil while being small enough to fit in most cars. The surface area of the heater plays a large role when it comes to transfer heat efficiently. To heat 6 liters of engine oil from - 20 ° to -6° C takes roughly 2 hours with conventional surface area. By doubling the area by using another design, the same temperature can be reached in about 30 minutes. / Att starta en motor i minusgrader sliter mycket på invändiga komponenter. Detta då motoroljan på grund av högre viskositet inte smörjer lika bra, vilket i sin tur leder till att oljan inte kan cirkulera i motorn. Dessutom släpper en kall motor ut större mängder föroreningar i luften och förbrukar mer bränsle. Alla bilar är inte utrustade med motorvärmare och att eftermontera är både kostsamt och tidskrävande. Målet med projektet är att ta fram en universell motorvärmare med kapacitet att värma upp motoroljan i en personbil på ett effektivt sätt. Motorvärmaren ska inte kräva några speciella verktyg för att monteras och den ska vara lika lätt att montera som den ordinarie oljestickan. Motorvärmaren är konstruerad av ett elastiskt material likt en elsladd för att vara universellt passande. Den nedre delen i kontakt med motoroljan omsluter en resistor och har ett yttre hölje av stål för att ha god värmeöverföringsförmåga. Utmaningen är att konstruera en sticka som kan värma motoroljan tillräckligt snabbt och som är tunn nog att föras in i oljetråget utan hinder. En stor påverkande faktor gällande motorvärmarens prestanda är kontaktytan mellan motorvärmare och motorolja. Att värma upp 6 liter motorolja från -20 till -6° C tar drygt två timmar med oljestickans geometri. Med dubbla kontaktytan kan samma temperatur nås på drygt 30 minuter och denna areaändring kan ske genom att ändra motorvärmarens design.