Since the terrorist attacks of September 11th, 2001, a vast discourse on contemporary terrorism has emerged within 'Western' media. This thesis analyzes the discourse of contemporary terrorism, and highlights how the postcolonialist critique of Orientalism pioneered by Edward Said is still relevant within the discourse. This is accomplished by analyzing books that have been published post-9/11 and which have been reviewed in the journal Foreign Affairs. A primary goal of this thesis is to facilitate the de-reification of the socially constructed concepts of both 'the East' and 'the West' which currently dominate representations within the discourse, as well as to highlight some of the key features of the discursive field on contemporary terrorism. The binary representation and stereotyping within the contemporary discourse provides a one-dimensional representation of the issue of terrorism, and by questioning the conformity of these representations we can critically examine one of the most important social issues within our society.

The Swedish Military Intelligence and Security Directorate (MUST) is a producer of knowledge, a knowledge that is fundamental for decisionmaking in foreign and security policy. The intelligence knowledge production is often held as objective, value neutral, and with the intention of ‘speaking truth onto power’. However, this study holds that such a perspective on intelligence knowledge production calls for a revision. Hence, the overall purpose of this study is to examine the characteristics of knowledge in intelligence analysis and also to investigate how that knowledge is affected by the social context of its production, the military intelligence service. The source material is of three kinds; first texts and documents, second interviews with intelligence analysts and managers, and third observations of seminars and meetings during the production process of estimates. The results are that there is a strong presence of an implicit interpretive framework that continuously influences and guides the knowledge production and thereby makes the knowledge dependent on one specific perspective contrary to the intentional objectivity within the intelligence service. Further, the study reveals that the social and discursive practices for intelligence knowledge production include a ‘logic of appropriateness’ suggesting the presence of a structured Denkkollektiv with a structured Denkstil. The actions and choices of the individuals are transformed to create conformity to the norms within the social discursive practices. Thus, the inherited frame of interpretation, as well as the socialised norm of staying within the existing accepted frames ofthinking and acting ends up to the stability and duration of the not always accurate and fruitful Denkstil. At the core of political science resides the question of how policy is shaped. Even though this study has focused merely on one organisation in a specific policy field in one country it brings insights to the knowledge and policy nexus.

This thesis presents a critical analysis of the dilemmas of doing a PhD in the social sciences from the perspective of discursive psychology. It aims to contribute to qualitative studies of higher education, especially work in the sociology of education on social science doctoral research and training, and discourse analytic work on the dilemmas of education. It argues that there is a crucial bias in the literature on doctoral study. Much of the theory and research on doing a doctorate has been written and carried out by doctoral supervisors and established academic researchers, rather than doctoral students themselves. As a result, researchers have tended to study supervisor rather than student dilemmas and have left certain gaps in their studies, including the experiential dimensions of doctoral research, the discursive construction of postgraduate identities, and the patterns of ideology and power at play in doctoral student life. The present doctorate on doing a doctorate attempts to fill in these gaps, and at the same time introduces a distinctive critical, discursive, and reflexive take on postgraduate education. Detailed discourse analyses are carried out of in-depth semistructured interviews with PhD students in various psychology and social science departments in the United Kingdom. The analysis pays attention to the conversational, rhetorical, and ideological patterning of doctoral postgraduate discourse. In particular, it concerns the academic identity work done by the postgraduates, the ways in which they manage particular interactional, selfpresentational, and ideological dilemmas in their talk, and the different forms of power that are at play as they carry out their doctorates. In addition, a form of practical, analytic reflexivity is developed in the thesis, whereby the authors' own methodological and interviewing practices are analysed, along with text of the thesis itself. The general argument is that the topic of postgraduate academic identity proves a good case study for the investigation of some of the hidden dynamics of power, as well as the use of wider ideological values, in the construction of identities in contemporary institutional settings.

This thesis takes Discursive Psychology as its main theoretical influence. Drawing on the resources of Discursive Psychology and utilising analytic tools provided by Conversation Analysis, these principles are applied to the study of addiction, and specifically alcohol problems. The data explored are telephone calls to an alcohol helpline. Four analytic chapters are presented. The first focuses on the concept of loss of control over drinking, identifying features of how this concept is constructed in talk and suggests possible functions of control talk for both callers and Advice Workers. The second analytic chapter examines how Advice Workers respond to callers' professed impaired control over their drinking and I demonstrate that embedded in discursive sequences of problem formulation and advice giving are issues of agency, accountability and responsibility. The thesis moves on to explore the role of knowledge in calls to an alcohol helpline and the analysis reveals that both the expert status of the Advice Worker and the speciality of the topic are co-constructed between the speakers on the helpline. The final analytic chapter features just one telephone call and demonstrates the application of such an analysis for alcohol service providers. The thesis ends with a discussion of the main overall findings and the implications of the research for clinical practice. I close by arguing that initial agency contact is a very important site of study and recommend that this should be explored utilising naturally-occurring talk.

This thesis is an investigation of talk in a therapeutic setting. It takes discursive psychology as the main influence theoretically, and also draws on the rigorous analytical techniques of conversation analysis (CA). The data was collected in various family therapy settings in the U.K., both residential and non-residential videotapes made during those sessions These recordings were made by therapists for their own use initially, and were not produced especially for this project. Videotapes were transcribed according to standard CA conventions, and subsequently analysed. One of the primary research questions has been to examine empirically mental state language as used in the therapeutic setting. Secondly, it has been to examine accounting practices and the production of versions of events as 'fact'. Thirdly, the aim has been to consider the practical implications of asymmetry as a participants' concern. As a unifying and over-arching analytic interest the use of reported speech in each of these other aspects has been investigated to assess its role in their production. The conclusions of the thesis demonstrate that participants themselves orient to one another's minds as accessible and reportable entities, and that speech is treated as reflective of inner thought. Furthermore, where speech is reported in the therapeutic setting, it is frequently used to validate and to evidence claims about other people's 'psyche'.

This thesis takes a discursive/rhetorical approach to the topic of support for modern constitutional monarchy. It examines in detail some of the rhetorical devices used by modern Japanese speakers when they discuss monarchism. In so doing the thesis highlights both the discursive and social dilemmas involved in contemporary monarchism. In Britain, another constitutional monarchical state, critical psychologists have analysed what have been called 'dilemmas of lived ideology' (BiIIig et al., 1988). Billig (1992) analysed ordinary people's discourses about British monarchism. He points out that people employ dilemmatic themes as they justifY, mitigate and make sense of their own non-privileged positions under egalitarianism. I use Billig's work as a main reference, and apply his analytical frameworks (discursive psychology) for my investigation ofJapanese monarchism. Amongst several features ofJapanese conversation, I focus on its complicated naming and honorific systems. These systems almost always encode power structures amongst speaker-addressee, speaker-referent as well as addressee-referent relationships. Analysing people's mundane (family) conversations about the Emperor system, I have found contradictory rhetorical common-places, which are not always voiced explicitly, but are often formulated implicitly through these linguistic implications (i.e. naming, honorifics). Moreover, these codes have to be managed in their particular discursive contexts where the different systems of showing honour can conflict. By analysing news articles, in addition, I focus on a terminology which is employed exclusively to describe an Emperor's death. Lookingat the contexts in which terms are used (and not used), the process of construction ofthe social reality (i.e. monarchism under egalitarian social norm) is illustrated. Through my analysis, I believe, a new perspective for Japanese monarchism is introduced: people represent the institutional reality and accept the inequality simultaneously through mundane discursive interaction.

Thèse (M.Ling.) -- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, programme en extension de l'Université Laval, 2007. / La p. de t. porte en outre: Mémoire présenté à la Faculté des études supérieures de l'Université Laval comme exigence partielle du programme de maîtrise en linguistique offert à l'Université du Québec à Chicoutimi en vertu d'un protocole d'entente avec l'Université Laval pour l'obtention du grade de maître en arts (M.A.). Bibliogr.: f. 124-125. Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQQUQ

The aim of this study is to investigate, from a didactic perspective, how teachers pursue their writing instruction. A certain focus is directed towards discursive writing and the way the teachers support second language learners. The purpose is to compare the teachers’ writing instruction regarding the aspects above. The lack of research when it comes to the practice of discursive writing and writing instruction, in Swedish primary schools, in general form the basis of this study. The following questions provide the framework of this study:What are the teachers’ perspectives and reflections on discursive writing and writing instruction in general? In what ways is the teaching in writing designed and how does the teachers’ reflect on their teaching? Is there a difference between how the teachers conduct their writing instruction, with regard to a second language perspective, and how does the teachers reflect upon that? The study is based on observations and interviews with two teachers regarding these matters. The theoretical approaches of this study are Ivanic’s (2004) discourses of Writing and Learning to write and the theoretical concept scaffolding (Wood, Bruner, Ross 1976, s. 89-90, 97-99). The results show, in conclusion, that the teachers’ writing instruction includes the majority part of Ivanic’s discourses but these are variously practiced. The major part of the teaching was, in both teachers’ classrooms, performed in accordance with the narrative genre but discursive writing was also practiced. The teachers showed an awareness of the importance of supporting second language students, but a difference in the way they conducted their writing lessons from this aspect was evident.

Immigration is one of the effects, one of the symptoms of the ill-functioning and outdated machine that is the elite. Immigration and asylum-seeking have been frequent topics in public debates for years. The number of refugees making their way from war-torn regions of the world to Sweden makes the citizen versus asylum-seeker dichotomy highly relevant for social psychology research about discursively constituted identities. That is to say: how social-categorizations, emotions and attitudes are created in text and talk. Today, public opinion is largely produced online, this makes it possible to explore the motivations, strategies and goals of “the nonracist racist” on Facebook. This study utilizes a dual-edged approach in that coding is done both from an inductive- and a deductive direction. It adheres to a discursive psychology approach and follows Potter and Edward’s (2001) situated, action-oriented and constructed features of discourse. These theoretical features inform the deductive coding and are contextualized using Sakki and Pettersson’s (2016) three representation of otherness with subsequent six discourses produced by the populist radical right. Findings indicate that cultural comparison constructing cultural incompatibility is the main rhetorical resource for constructing the citizen versus asylum-seeker dichotomy. However, this dichotomy is not the most dominant “us and them” construction by the “nonracist racist”. “The elite versus the people” is the most common “us and them” construction. It carries significant weight that the seemingly unfiltered expressions of hatred on anti-immigration pages on Facebook are more concerned with what “we” are doing wrong rather than what is wrong with any “deviant others”. It is more about an internal clash of moral compasses than it is about a supposed clash of civilizations. Along with the occasioned feature of discourse, this partly explains why anti-immigration advocates for example position themselves as victims or defenders.

Orientador: Sanderléia Roberta Longhin-Thomazi / Banca: Roberto Gomes Camacho / Banca: Mariângela Rios de Oliveira / Banca: Célia Regina dos Santos Lopes / Banca: José da Silva Simões / Resumo: Partindo de um enfoque teórico geral baseado na concepção Coseriana (1975) de sincronia, diacronia, história e mudança linguística, em direção a um específico, sobre um tipo de mudança que faz emergir itens/construções gramaticais a partir de itens/construções lexicais ou menos gramaticais, via processo de gramaticalização (TRAUGOTT, 1995; TRAUGOTT e KÖNIG, 1991), conjugado aos pressupostos analíticos da perspectiva textual-interativa, assentada numa concepção pragmática de linguagem e texto (JUBRAN, 2006), e numa orientação teórico-metodológica fundamentada no conceito de diacronia não-ideal e, consequentemente, no de Tradição Discursiva (KABATEK) esta pesquisa, vinculada ao "Projeto para História do Português Paulista", analisa assim e suas formas correlatas: assim como, mesmo assim e assim que no que tange: (i) ao seu funcionamento tópico geral, especificamente com enfoque nos aspectos semântico-formais e nos processos de junção instaurados; e (ii) aos processos de repetição, correção, paráfrase e parêntese, em diferentes Tradições Discursivas (TDs). O estudo é direcionado pela tese de que as TDs devem ser consideradas na investigação da mudança por GR, já que afetam ambas as perspectivas, interna e externa, de abordagem linguística: afetam a interna, quando esta pretende reconstruir uma diacronia única e linear, já que faz referência direta à realidade de língua concreta, conforme concepção coseriana. Os resultados comprovam a existência dessa relação entre TD e o caminho de mudança do item focalizado, a partir da constatação de que: enquanto determinados aspectos gramaticais se desenvolvem mediante pressões contextuais favorecidas pelas características de determinadas TDs, outros se desenvolvem independentemente delas. Comprova-se, também, a existência de uma relação entre processos de constituição textual... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Starting from a general theoretical approach based on the Coseriana conception (1975) of synchrony, diachrony, history and linguistic change, towards a particular subject, about one type of change that makes grammatical items/constructions emerge from lexical or less grammatical items/constructions, through the process of Grammaticalization (TRAUGOTT, 1995; TRAUGOTT and KÖNIG, 1991), conjugated to the analytical presuppositions of the textual-interactive perspective, established on a pragmatic conception of language and text (JUBRAN, 2006), and on a theoretical-methodological orientation based on the concept of the non-ideal diachrony and, consequently, on the concept of Tradição Discursiva - TD (Discursive Tradition), this research, linked to the "Projeto para História do Português Paulista" (Project for the History of Paulista Portuguese), analyses assim and its correlated forms: assim como, mesmo assim and assim que , as of the following: (i) its general topic function, specifically focused on the semantic and formal aspects and on the established processes of linking; and (ii) the processes of repetition, correction, paraphrase and parenthesis, in different Discursive Traditions - TDs. The study is based on the thesis which states that the TDs must be considered when investigating the change for GR, as they affect both inner and outer perspectives of linguistic approach: they affect inner perspective when it aims at reconstructing a single and linear diachrony, as it is directly related to the reality of concrete language, according to the coseriana conception. The results verify the existence of that relation between the TD and the change of the focused item, from the confirmation that: while specific grammatical aspects are developed according to context pressures supported by the features of specific TDs, others are developed without depending on them at all... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor