La sous-réaction à l'information constitue l'une des anomalies à l'hypothèse d'efficience informationnelle. Plusieurs explications en finance comportementale ont été avancées à ce phénomène. Selon Grinblatt et Han (2005), cet écart entre le prix du titre et sa valeur fondamentale est la résultante de l'effet de disposition. Afin d'étudier l'ajustement des prix à la valeur fondamentale, nous avons suivi une approche expérimentale. Pour chacun des deux traitements étudiés, six sessions expérimentales ont été réalisées. 69 sujets ont participé au premier traitement et 72 au deuxième. Les résultats montrent une sous-réaction des prix à un changement de la valeur fondamentale dans chacun des traitements. Cette sous-réaction existe suite aux hausses qu'aux baisses de la valeur fondamentale. Les résultats montrent aussi que l'ajustement des prix est faible quand la plupart des sujets négocient le titre avec une perte en papier. Enfin, la sous-réaction est à son faible niveau quand les sujets, en situation de gain en papier, reçoivent une bonne nouvelle.

La présente thèse est basée sur une enquête socio-ethnographique menée sur trois clubs de football de niveaux fédéraux contrastés : l'un est composé d'équipes évoluant à un niveau départemental (District), l'autre à un niveau régional (Ligue) et le dernier à un niveau national (Fédéral). Toutes ces associations sportives sont amateurs, affiliées à la F.F.F. et situées autour d'une ville française moyenne. Ce doctorat s'appuie sur une enquête quantitative, menée par questionnaire, sur les joueurs en formation dans ces trois clubs (de 6 à 18 ans, n=397). Une enquête de type qualitative, composée de 91 entretiens, 71 observations et 18 tests d'aptitudes gestuelles et physiques, complète et pondère les résultats obtenus par le questionnaire. L'objet de la thèse est l'étude de la sociogenèse du goût, des dispositions et des savoir-faire footballistique des joueurs amateurs de ces trois clubs. L'analyse des pratiques, des représentations de ces footballeurs en formation, de leurs éducateurs et de leurs parents, dévoile de quelle manière la socialisation footballistique de ces joueurs se focalise progressivement sur la pratique du club. Le désengagement des joueurs vis-à-vis des autres contextes de pratique s'accompagne d'un investissement intense et durable des joueurs dans la culture et la pratique fédérale, et se traduit par l'acquisition de savoir-faire individuels et collectifs variés quantitativement et qualitativement, produits de cette longue socialisation.

This dissertation is a philosophical contribution to the theories on trust and on risk communication. The importance of trust in risk communication has been argued for and empirically studied since the 80s. However, there is little agreement on the notion of trust and the precise function of trust. This thesis sets out to study both aspects from a philosophical point of view. The dissertation consists of five essays and an introduction. Essay I is a comment on risk perception theory and the psychometric model in particular. The essay argues that sometimes individuals take risks simply because they are in a vulnerable position and have no other choice. Four factors are identified as crucial in risks from vulnerability: poor outset conditions, lack of reasonable options, hope and liability to disinformation. Essay II addresses the democratic approach to risk communication and the ideal of risk communication as a dialogue between more or less equal stakeholders. The essay develops a typology of different risk communication practices and influence distributions and concludes that the form of risk communication most commonly referred to in the literature is of the most imbalanced kind where all three types of influence falls to the same party. Essay III argues that trust can be understood as comfortable defocusing. Trust as comfortable defocusing means that when a person trusts, he or she is comfortable with letting certain things be in the hands or in the control of the trusted other. Departing from this idea a definition of trust is proposed consisting of three elements: (i) the truster’s comfortable defocusing from the trusted person’s part of caring for X, based on a (ii) belief about the trusted person’s care for X, concerning (iii) something of concern to the truster. Essay IV explores the concept of trustworthiness and under which conditions trust can be betrayed in a morally justified way. It is argued that two aspects are essential for every reasonable notion of trustworthiness: reliability in terms of commitment to trust and predictability in terms of compliance with norms. In order to be untrustworthy in a morally justified way two major conditions need to be fulfilled: first, what is expected from the trustee needs to be either immoral or part of an ongoing immoral or unjust relationship between truster and trustee and, secondly, the trustee must not be in a position to explicitly reject trust. Essay V examines two of the most employed distinctions within the trust literature, that of trust/confidence and of trust/reliance. These distinctions are evaluated against a set of five criteria. It is argued that both these distinctions are employed to cover several distinguishing properties, thus adding to conceptual confusion. / QC 20100712

Den materiella processledningen utgör ett officialintrång i parternas dispositionsrätt och är ett inkvisitoriskt element i en processform som annars präglas av kontradiktionsprincipen. Mot bakgrund av att institutet är främmande för den kontradiktoriska processformen uppkommer naturligt frågan om varför institutet skall existera. Den materiella processledningen syftar till att avhjälpa parts fel och brister vid utformandet av sin talan. Processledningen delas traditionellt in i en formell och en materiell del. Denna indelning ter sig främmande, då såväl den formella som den materiella processledningen syftar till att handläggningen av rättegången ska fungera på bästa möjliga vis, varför den egentliga gränsen mellan instituten då suddas ut. Dispositionsprincipen skall utgöra den dominerande delen av en rättegång. Processledningen skall verka som ett komplement därtill för att rätten, i första hand, skall kunna effektivt föra fram en talan till avgörande och prövning av det som parten vill ha prövat. Däri ligger en processekonomisk aspekt. Onödiga resurser skall inte spenderas på att pröva processmaterial som förebringats i onödan. Rätten kan bedriva processledningen såväl i syfte att berika som för att begränsa processmaterialet. Av dessa två är rättens aktivitet att begränsa processmaterialet den minst kontroversiella. Vid berikande av materialet kan rättens aktivitet övergå till materiell rådgivning, dvs. att parten får konkreta materiella råd om hur denne skall utforma sin talan. Sådant resultat går stick i stäv med målsättningen för materiell processledning. Den materiella processledningen kan bedrivas med avseende på parts yrkanden och grunder, åberopanden samt bevisföring. Den här uppsatsen har framförallt avhandlat frågan om materiell processledning avseende parts yrkanden. Det klara fallet i vilket rätten bör bedriva processledning är i den händelse part brister språkligt sett vid utformandet av sitt yrkande. Vid sidan av detta kan frågan om processledning komma upp ifråga om processuella och materialrättsliga spörsmål. Processledning bör bedrivas i de fall det kan vara fråga om avhjälpbara processhinder, i annat fall inte. Ifråga om materialrättsliga brister ter sig processledningsfrågan i dessa fall som en aning paradoxal. Processledningen har nämligen en större prägel av lämplighet snarare än legalitet. Eftersom det krävs relativt stora misstag från rättens sida för att frågan om domvilla eller rättegångsfel ska komma ifråga och processledning ifråga om materialrättsliga brister i första hand, blir gränsen för vad som är tillåten och inte tillåten processledning aldrig tydligt utredd. Den rådande hållningen vad gäller processledningen blir således att den konkreta situationen från fall till fall blir vad som får styra omfattningen och förekomsten därav. Detta får dock som konsekvens att processledningen tillämpas inkonsekvent och med ett inte alltför litet inslag av godtycklighet i bedömningen av vad som är lämplig processledning och inte.

The interplay of transporters and enzymes and their transporter-enzyme was examined in Caco-2 cell monolayer and recirculating perfused rat liver preprations via both theoretical and experimental approaches. First, a Caco-2 catenary model that consisted of the apical, cellular, basolateral compartments and encompasses influx, efflux transporters and enzymes was shown to be superior to the single barrier approach for data interpretation on transporter- and enzyme- mediated processes. The kinetics of baicalein, a flavonoid that undergoes glucuronidation and sulfation, were found to be described better by the catenary model for the complex kinetics of substrate inhibition in metabolism. Second, estradiol-17beta-D-glucuronide (E217G), a protypic substrate of Oatp1a1, 1a4, and 1b2 and Mrp2 that underwent futile cycling with its 3-sulfate metabolite (E23S17G) via estrogen sulfotransferase (Sult1e1) and arylsulfatase C, was examined in the perfused rat liver preparation. Solutions of the AUC and clearances were solved to relate the intrinsic clearances of transporters and enzymes to understand how these affected the apparent clearances in the presence of futile cycling. Transporters and enzymes were perturbed experimentally by the intraportal injection of CC531 colon carcinoma cells for tumor induction in Wag/Rij rat livers. The protein expression of Oatp1a1 and Oatp1b2 were reduced to half whereas Sult1e1 was increased by 40% with tumor development versus the sham-operated control. These data were well predicted by the physiologically-based liver model, showing the impact of increased sulfation intrinsic clearance but not the decreased influx clearance. The TR- (Mrp2 mutant) rat model was used to examine how the absence of Mrp2 for biliary secretion of both E217G and E23S17G affected futile cycling. Absence of Mrp2 was found to result in a pseudo steady-state and reduction of the total, excretion, and metabolic clearances in the liver. The work shed new insight on the interplay between enzymes and transporters and how kinetic processes mediated by enzymes or efflux transporters affected futile cycling.

The interplay of transporters and enzymes and their transporter-enzyme was examined in Caco-2 cell monolayer and recirculating perfused rat liver preprations via both theoretical and experimental approaches. First, a Caco-2 catenary model that consisted of the apical, cellular, basolateral compartments and encompasses influx, efflux transporters and enzymes was shown to be superior to the single barrier approach for data interpretation on transporter- and enzyme- mediated processes. The kinetics of baicalein, a flavonoid that undergoes glucuronidation and sulfation, were found to be described better by the catenary model for the complex kinetics of substrate inhibition in metabolism. Second, estradiol-17beta-D-glucuronide (E217G), a protypic substrate of Oatp1a1, 1a4, and 1b2 and Mrp2 that underwent futile cycling with its 3-sulfate metabolite (E23S17G) via estrogen sulfotransferase (Sult1e1) and arylsulfatase C, was examined in the perfused rat liver preparation. Solutions of the AUC and clearances were solved to relate the intrinsic clearances of transporters and enzymes to understand how these affected the apparent clearances in the presence of futile cycling. Transporters and enzymes were perturbed experimentally by the intraportal injection of CC531 colon carcinoma cells for tumor induction in Wag/Rij rat livers. The protein expression of Oatp1a1 and Oatp1b2 were reduced to half whereas Sult1e1 was increased by 40% with tumor development versus the sham-operated control. These data were well predicted by the physiologically-based liver model, showing the impact of increased sulfation intrinsic clearance but not the decreased influx clearance. The TR- (Mrp2 mutant) rat model was used to examine how the absence of Mrp2 for biliary secretion of both E217G and E23S17G affected futile cycling. Absence of Mrp2 was found to result in a pseudo steady-state and reduction of the total, excretion, and metabolic clearances in the liver. The work shed new insight on the interplay between enzymes and transporters and how kinetic processes mediated by enzymes or efflux transporters affected futile cycling.

Cette recherche a pour but de comprendre comment certains danseurs-créateurs peuvent se distinguer par rapport aux pratiques dominantes de la danse contemporaine. Pour en rendre compte, j'analyse la pratique artistique de trois danseurs-créateurs: Andrew de Lotbinière Harwood, Lin Snelling et Pamela Newell. J'ai observé leurs processus de création et leurs spectacles au cours de l'automne-hiver 2006-2007 à Montréal. Les cinq créations analysées dans cette étude se nourrissent de la performance, de l'interdisciplinarité, de la collaboration, et surtout de l'improvisation en danse. Cette thèse présente un examen de pratiques soutenu par un certain nombre de livres et d'articles dans le domaine des arts, du théâtre et de la danse. Toutefois, les sociologies du corps et plus spécifiquement l'appareillage conceptuel de Pierre Bourdieu m'offrent des voies afin de scruter sous cet angle les pratiques des trois danseurs-créateurs, angle qui vient enrichir mon expérience et ma formation en art en tant qu'artiste et enseignante. Afin d'atteindre mon objectif de recherche. je m'inspire d'une approche ethnographique comme méthodologie, et de l'étude de cas comme démarche. Les données ont été essentiellement collectées à travers des observations, des entretiens, des enregistrements vidéo et divers documents tels des programmes de spectacle, des coupures de presse, ainsi que des articles et des ouvrages spécialisés en danse contemporaine. Pour l'analyse et l'interprétation des données, je m'inspire des principes de Paillé (1994), qui propose une théorisation ancrée construite, entre autres, par le biais de la comparaison entre la théorisation en construction et la réalité empirique. Une analyse thématique et son interprétation ont été accomplies en gardant un contact permanent entre les données brutes et le cadre théorique. Dans les pratiques des trois danseurs-créateurs analysées, l'improvisation sur scène proche des techniques somatiques a une importance fondamentale et résulte de certains aspects récurrents telles que la réduction de la valorisation des mouvements virtuoses et la recherche d'un rôle plus actif pour le spectateur. En outre, les aspects de collaboration rencontrés dans des créations offrent une alternative face au binôme chorégraphe-interprète, valorisant de cette façon le danseur en tant que créateur, capital symbolique primordial dans le champ de la danse. L'interdisciplinarité offre également des voies de création pour un renouvellement de la notion de chorégraphie, non seulement comme art de composition du mouvement, mais aussi comme art qui intègre d'autres éléments et langages. Ces caractéristiques suggèrent l'évolution, le dynamisme et les modifications en ce qui concerne l'habitus du danseur au sein de la danse contemporaine. Face aux pratiques dominantes qui privilégient un rapport instrumental du corps, les pratiques analysées des trois études de cas proposent des échanges, perceptions et gestions des créations renouvelées ainsi que de nouvelles sociabilités en danse contemporaine qui résultent en un rapport au corps plus réceptif, interactif et participatif. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Danse contemporaine, Pratiques dominantes en danse, Processus de création, Danseur-créateur, Improvisation, Champ, Capital, Habitus.

The gift of speech or skill in relation to conditions? is a qualitative interview survey of ten students’, in the upper secondary school, experiences of oral presentation in the classroom. The purpose of the study is to research how rhetorical previous knowledge, verbal interaction in the classroom and speech anxiety and speech tendency affect the experience of oral presentation.       The result shows that rhetorical previous knowledge has a positive affect on how oral presentation is experienced. Larger previous knowledge generates a more positive experience of oral presentation. The results also show that many of the students have a theoretical knowledge about outline, introduction and conclusion but lack the ability to practically use their theoretical knowledge in their oral presentations. The results also show that many students are experiencing a shortage of rhetorical education.       In the classroom culture signified by verbal interaction and dialogue, the students are more encouraged to perform an oral presentation, than in the classroom culture signified by one way communication. The results also show that response often is given orally by the teacher and less often in writing. Response from other classmates is unusual.      Students’ speech anxiety and speech tendency affect how most students are experiencing discomfort in some way or another in relation to oral presentation. The background to this discomfort are most commonly related to the performance in front of classmates, the self-image or self-esteem but also being assessed by classmates or the teacher. Two other variables were found in the survey, that of the desire of knowing the audience or not and that of the size of the audience.      Oral presentation is important to master both in school but also in real life. The common strategy for development of verbal interaction seems to lay in the actual performance only. Students are not handed other occasions to practice. At the same time students are graded on their performances without having any previous knowledge. Awareness about oral cultures in the classrooms and about the background of students speech anxiety are important for their development of verbal interaction in any form, and it is also important to vary the size of the group and the kind of audiences.

Dual phase magnesia-zirconia ceramics were developed, characterized, and evaluated as a potential matrix material for use in light water reactor inert matrix fuel intended for the disposition of plutonium and minor actinides. Ceramics were fabricated from the oxide mixture using conventional pressing and sintering techniques. Characterization of the final product was performed using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction analysis, and energy-dispersive x-ray analysis. The final product was found to consist of two phases: cubic zirconia-based solid solution and cubic magnesia. Evaluation of key feasibility issues was limited to investigation of long-term stability in hydrothermal conditions and assessment of the thermal conductivity. With respect to hydrothermal stability, it was determined that limited degradation of these ceramics at 300^oC occurred due to the hydration of the magnesia phase. Normalized mass loss rate, used as a quantitative indicator of degradation, was found to decrease exponentially with the zirconia content in the ceramics. The normalized mass loss rates measured in static 300^oC de-ionized water for the magnesia-zirconia ceramics containing 40, 50, 60, and 70 weight percent of zirconia are 0.00688, 0.00256, 0.000595, 0.000131 g/cm2/hr respectively. Presence of boron in the water had a dramatic positive effect on the hydration resistance. At 300^oC the normalized mass loss rates for the composition containing 50 weight percent of zirconia was 0.00005667 g/cm2/hr in the 13000 ppm aqueous solution of the boric acid. With respect to thermal conductivity, the final product exhibits values of 5.5-9.5 W/(m deg) at 500^oC, and 4-6 W/(m deg) at 1200^oC depending on the composition. This claim is based on the assessment of thermal conductivity derived from thermal diffusivity measured by laser flash method in the temperature range from 200 to 1200^oC, measured density, and heat capacity calculated using rule of mixtures. Analytical estimates of the anticipated maximum temperature during normal reactor operation in a hypothetical inert matrix fuel rod based on the magnesia-zirconia ceramics yielded the values well below the melting temperature and well below current maximum temperatures authorized in light water reactors.

Previous researches find that advertising expenditure and performance can significantly influence fund flows. With a unique data from Securities Investment Trust and Consulting Association (SITCA) of Taiwan, we can use monthly data of exact purchasing amounts, redemption amounts and advertising expenditures to gain more insight into investors¡¦ investment behavior. We examine the impact of advertising on mutual fund investors¡¦ behavior and the performance-flow relationship. This paper differs from the existing literature, which only concerned with the average advertising effect on fund flow. We follow the procedure of Tsay (1989) time series autoregressive processes model and modify it to cross-section variables threshold model to examine whether threshold effect of advertising on fund flows exists. We generate four empirical results. (1) Performance is significantly associated with higher fund flows. (2) Advertising is significantly associated with higher fund flows. (3) Disposition effect exists in Taiwanese mutual fund market and advertising expenditure can partially enhance the disposition effect. (4) We also measure the threshold effect of advertising on fund flows.