L'insatisfaction corporelle, définie comme la différence entre le corps perçu et le corps idéal (Cash, 2002), a été mise en évidence comme facteur de risque de nombreux troubles et symptômes psychopathologiques. Ainsi, l’une des priorités de la recherche sur l’insatisfaction corporelle est d’identifier les processus psychologiques impliqués dans le développement et le maintien de l’insatisfaction corporelle. L'analyse de la littérature sur l’insatisfaction corporelle, la rumination, le perfectionnisme et l’autorégulation a révélé plusieurs résultats intéressants ainsi qu’un manque d’information dans ce domaine. La plupart des recherches sur le rôle de ces processus dans l'insatisfaction corporelle sont transversales. Ainsi, il a été avancé que davantage de recherche était nécessaire pour examiner les facteurs de risque causaux impliqués dans l'insatisfaction corporelle (Watson et al., 2016). Les objectifs de cette recherche étaient de développer et tester plusieurs instruments de mesure (questionnaire, tâches implicites et comportementales) et protocoles (conception longitudinale, inductions expérimentales) afin d'explorer les relations causales entre perfectionnisme, rumination, autorégulation et insatisfaction corporelle en tenant compte des différences entre hommes et femmes. Les résultats suggèrent des cercles vicieux entre insatisfaction corporelle, rumination et perfectionnisme, ainsi que des différences entre hommes et femmes sur les relations entre ces processus et l'insatisfaction corporelle. De plus, nos résultats concernant les outils de mesure implicites et comportementaux du perfectionnisme comme alternatives aux mesures classiques d’auto-évaluation sont encourageants. Un modèle présentant la manière dont ces cercles vicieux pourraient contribuer à l'insatisfaction corporelle est proposé et des orientations futures sont explorées dans la discussion générale. / Body dissatisfaction, defined as the difference between the perceived and the desired body (Cash, 2002), has been highlighted as a risk factor of numerous psychopathological disorders and symptoms. Thus, one of the priorities in body dissatisfaction research is to identify psychological processes involved in the development and maintenance of body dissatisfaction. The overview of the literature about body dissatisfaction, rumination, perfectionism, and self-regulation revealed several interesting results and also a lack of information in this field. Most of the research on the role of these processes in body dissatisfaction is cross-sectional. Thus, it has been brought forward that more research is needed to examine the causal risk factors involved in body dissatisfaction (Watson et al., 2016). The objectives of this research were to develop and test several measurement instruments (i.e., questionnaire, implicit and behavioural tasks) and protocols (i.e., longitudinal design, experimental inductions) to explore the causal relationships between perfectionism, rumination, self-regulation and body dissatisfaction, while taking into account gender differences. The results suggest vicious circles between body dissatisfaction, rumination, and perfectionism, and differences between men and women on the relationships between those processes and body dissatisfaction. More, our results about implicit and behavioural measurement instruments of perfectionism as alternative to the classical self-report measures are encouraging. A model presenting how all these vicious circles could contribute to body dissatisfaction is proposed and futures directions are explored in the general discussion.

abstract: The relations among internalization of the U.S. sociocultural standard of the ideal male body image, male body dissatisfaction, and behavioral and psychological outcomes of male body dissatisfaction were examined in a sample of 215 ethnically diverse male college students. Concerns regarding accurate assessment of male body dissatisfaction were addressed. Structural equation modeling was utilized to identify the relations among the internalization of the sociocultural ideal male body image, male body dissatisfaction (as measured by the Male Body Attitudes Scale, MBAS; Tylka, Bergeron, & Schwartz, 2005), and behavioral and psychological outcomes. Results demonstrated that internalization of specific aspects of the ideal male body (lean and muscular) predicted corresponding components of male body dissatisfaction (lean and muscular). Further, each component of male body dissatisfaction was related to distinct behavioral and psychological outcomes. Implications for clinical practice and research were discussed. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Counseling Psychology 2013

Tidigare forskning har funnit ett samband mellan sociala medier och attityder till sig själv. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka om det finns ett samband mellan användningen av Instagram, självkänsla och kroppsmissnöje samt om det finns några könsskillnader eller åldersskillnader avseende detta. Sammanlagt besvarade 232 gymnasister och högskolestudenter enkäten som mätte användning av Instagram samt graden av självkänsla respektive kroppsmissnöje. Av deltagarna var 132 kvinnor.   Resultaten visade att det inte fanns något samband mellan användningen av Instagram och graden av självkänsla respektive kroppsmissnöje, vilket strider mot tidigare forskning. Vidare visade resultaten på att lägre grad av självkänsla var relaterad med högre grad av kroppsmissnöje. Gällande detta visades en könsskillnad, där kvinnor hade lägre självkänsla och högre kroppsmissnöje än män. Detta resultat stödjer tidigare forskning som har påvisat samma resultat. Studien bidrar med ökad kunskap om användningen av Instagrams betydelse för individers attityder till sig själva.

Globalisation, together with increased competition amongst retailers, has applied immense pressure on retailers to become more consumer-orientated. Retailers are, consequently, trying to differentiate their offerings by providing improved services to their consumers to obtain a competitive advantage. Service failure is, however, inevitable. An unfavourable service encounter (service failure) mostly leads to dissatisfaction. A consumer’s response to dissatisfaction is referred to as “consumer complaint behaviour”. Consumers’ complaint action can be categorised into three response behaviours namely: private action, public action and taking no action. Behind each complaint action lies specific motivations. Motivation research attempts to find the underlying why of an individuals’ behaviour. Marketers need to understand consumer motives as it provides them with the opportunity to anticipate and understand consumer complaint behaviour within the South African marketplace. Studies on the motives driving consumers’ complaint behaviour following an in-store service failure in the South African clothing retail context is lacking. This is surprising given the fact that an understanding of consumer complaint motives is critical in recovering service failures and handling complaints. An understanding of the motives for consumer complaint behaviour could help clothing retailers to understand the value of paying attention to and dealing with consumer complaints, specifically in a South African context. This research study, therefore, primarily focused on exploring and describing South African consumers non-complaint motives and complaint motives following an in-store service failure. The study used an explorative, quantitative research approach. A survey was conducted in South Africa which included consumers 19 years and older who reside in major urban areas across South Africa. Respondents completed an online self-administered questionnaire which included adapted versions of established scales. Lastly, the data was captured and coded and then analysed by statisticians of the University of Pretoria by making use of descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings of this study indicated that the respondents were motivated to take action following an in-store service failure, rather than deciding to take no-action. Respondents would also rather partake in private action as opposed to public action. The EFA on the non complaint motives indicated that three factors are the underlying driving forces that keep consumers from taking action. These include protecting the self and convenience, the facto that it is not worth complaining, and willingness and ability to handle CCB. Through the descriptive statistical analysis, as well as the inferential statistical analysis (EFA), it became evident that the most important motive for deciding to partake in action, either private or public, were altruistic motives. Anger and the intention to harm the retailer appeared to be the least important motives for deciding to take action. From this study, it is recommended that clothing retailers and marketers in South Africa pay specific attention to use these motives, specifically altruism, to encourage customers to partake in public complaint behaviour. Apart from the useful considerations this study elicited for the industry, it also makes a valuable contribution towards the literature. / Dissertation (MConsumer Science)--University of Pretoria, 2020. / Consumer Science / MConsumer Science (Clothing Management) / Unrestricted

Common features of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), including hyperandrogenism, ovarian dysfunction and obesity, can be highly distressing. We compared 40 women with PCOS to women with infertility but not PCOS, and to women with neither PCOS nor infertility, on measures of depression and body image. Women with PCOS reported higher depression scores and greater body dissatisfaction (p < .001) than comparison group women. Body image was strongly associated with depression overall, even after controlling body mass. Among women with PCOS, body dissatisfaction measures and education explained 66 percent of the variance in depression, suggesting explanations of the PCOS-depression link should consider the role of potentially mediating psychosocial variables.

Many healthcare organizations are investigating the reasons for nurse turnover and seeking ways to retain the nurses they already employ. The primary deliverable of the DNP project was a nurse retention plan. In order to devise the plan, the DNP student conducted a literature review, collected qualitative data from representative nursing staff members, and assembled an expert panel of senior leaders to secure permissions to implement the nurse retention plan. The purpose of the project was to develop a nurse retention plan for the emergency department and propose it to an expert panel of nursing administration at the project site. The concepts of nursing satisfaction, theory of human capital, nurse dissatisfaction, and nurse turnover were used for this DNP project. At the practicum site, 36.7% of the emergency department nurses (n =22) participated in the DNP student's focus groups. Coding was used and the themes that emerged from the focus groups were that nurses feel stuck and want the opportunity to advance, there was a lack of communication and pay was a determining factor regarding whether nurses plan to stay employed in the project site's emergency department. Recommendations to decrease voluntary nursing turnover included more flexible scheduling, forming a scheduling committee in the department, providing for more nursing autonomy, and the sharing of emergency department staff throughout the health system all of which were accepted by the expert panel for evaluation and implementation. This project contributes to positive social change, as nurse satisfaction and decreased nursing turnover has been linked to increased patient satisfaction and better patient outcomes.

Previous research suggests a link between identity status (i.e., identity exploration and identity commitment) and body image, evaluation (e.g., body satisfaction) and investment (e.g., the psychological importance one places on one's appearance). The identity statuses include diffused (neither exploration, nor commitment), foreclosed (commitment without exploration), moratorium (exploration, but no commitment), and achieved (exploration and commitment to an identity). While research demonstrates that an association exists between body image, specifically weight preoccupation, and identity development, variations in the adjustment within the identity statuses suggest that other factors may affect this relationship. One such factor is identity distress. The intended purpose of this study is to replicate the findings of Herzog (1997) who found that women in the identity statuses which have not yet committed to an identity (diffused and moratorium) had a significantly higher degree of weight preoccupation than those in the identity statuses who had made identity commitments. The present study also sought to explore whether this same relationship holds for men. It was further hypothesized that women would have less satisfaction with their bodies than men would. A sample of 53 college students with a mean age of26.45 years (S.D. = 7.36 years) completed questionnaires pertaining to identity status, identity distress, and body image. A one-way analysis of variance showed a significant difference between identity status groups on overweight preoccupation with the most preoccupied being those in the moratorium identity status, followed by achievement, diffused, and then foreclosed. However, Scheffe Post Hoc analyses indicated that the only significant difference between groups was between moratoriums and foreclosed (the two extremes). Likewise, males had a significantly higher evaluation of their appearance than women did, confirming the second hypothesis. When looking at the subscales of identity exploration and identity commitment, commitment positively correlated with appearance orientation. Exploration positively correlated with fitness orientation. The average identity distress rating positively correlated to overweight preoccupation, and negatively correlated to appearance evaluation and body areas satisfaction. In regards to a DSM-IV diagnosis for identity problem, 18.9% of the sample qualified. Scores for those who met for identity problem diagnosis were significantly lower in health orientation and body areas satisfaction. The main hypothesis of this paper was that identity variables would be a significant predictor of body image. To test this hypothesis, several multiple regression analyses were calculated with the demographic variables of sex and age entered in the first step, identity status entered in the second step, and average identity distress rating entered on the third step, with each of the body image subscale scores as the dependent variable. Results indicated that the overall model was significant for appearance evaluation, fitness orientation, body areas satisfaction, and overweight preoccupation. Implications of these findings are discussed.

No description available.

No description available.

The relationship between self-objectification, grooming behaviors, and body image disturbance was examined among 389 female students at the University of Central Florida. Self-objectification positively predicted body image disturbance, as well as the average amount of time and money that women reported investing into grooming behaviors (i.e. hair-styling, hair-removal, makeup application, nail adornment and other grooming behaviors). Body mass index (BMI) was also found to positively predict body image disturbance and time spent on grooming, however, no relationship was found between self-objectification and BMI. Furthermore, lower socioeconomic status (SES) was found to be associated with body-dissatisfaction and more frequent negative body image emotions in comparison to participants with higher SES. A significant negative correlation was also found between time spent on grooming and grade point average (GPA).