Στην παρούσα εργασία γίνεται μελέτη της χρήσης του διαφορισμού στις ασύρματες επικοινωνίες. Αρχικά, γίνεται η εισαγωγή και ορίζεται το πεδίο μελέτης. Στη συνέχεια, μοντελοποιείται το ασύρματο κανάλι και παρουσιάζονται οι δυσκολίες που προκύπτουν στη μετάδοση. Συγκρίνεται το κανάλι διαλείψεων (fading channel) με το κανάλι λευκού προσθετικού Γκαουσιανού Θορύβου (AWGN). Στη συνέχεια, γίνεται εισαγωγή στην έννοια του διαφορισμού και περιγράφεται ο διαφορισμός στο χώρο με τη χρήση πολλαπλών κεραιών. Ακολουθεί η ανάλυση ενός συστήματος SIMO οπου γίνεται διαφορισμός μόνο στο δέκτη. Ύστερα, εξετάζεται ένα σύστημα MISO οπου γίνεται διαφορισμός μόνο στον πομπό. Εξετάζονται διάφοροι τρόποι μετάδοσης όπως το σχήμα Alamouti. Το επόμενο κεφάλαιο αποτελεί την εισαγωγή στα συστήματα ΜΙΜΟ και περιγράφεται η ορθογωνοποίηση ενός καναλιού ΜΙΜΟ με τη χρήση SVD. Μελετάται η βέλτιστη κατανομή ενέργειας από τον πομπό. Στη συνέχεια, αναλύονται μέθοδοι ισοστάθμισης για την ανάκτηση των δεδομένων που μεταδίδονται. Εξετάζεται ο αποσυσχετιστής (decorrelator) και ο ισοσταθμιστής ελάχιστου μέσου τετραγωνικού σφάλματος (ΜΜSE). Ακολουθεί η εξέταση μη γραμμικών ισοσταθμιστών ανάδρασης απόφασης και γίνεται αναφορά στην αρχιτεκτονική V-BLAST. Στη συνέχεια γίνεται αναφορά στο βέλτιστο δέκτη και γίνεται σύγκριση του δέκτη αυτού με τους ισοσταθμιστές. / Study of space diversity in wireless communications. The first part is the introduction and the field of study is defined. The next chapter introduces the fading channel. The performance of the Rayleigh fading channel and the AWGN channel are compared. Later, follows the introduction to diversity. We examine a SIMO and a MISO channel. In the MISO channel, emphasis is given on the Alamouti scheme. Later, MIMO channels are discussed. We talk about transmission using Singular Value Decomposition with or without waterfilling. Later, we discuss the equalizers used in MIMO communications. Zero Forcing and Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) equalizers are discussed. The next topic of study is decision feedback equalizers. Finally we discuss the optimal receiver architecture and compare its performance against the aforementioned equalizers.

Submitted in complete fulfilment for the Degree of Master of Technology: Biotechnology, Durban University of Technology, 2013. / The continual growth of the global biodiesel industry has resulted in a proportional increase in crude glycerol production. The by-production of glycerol waste during the manufacture of biodiesel has, with recent research, proven to hold use as a feedstock for the production of several commodity chemicals. The conversion of glycerol may be carried out by both chemical as well as biological means. The biological conversion of glycerol surpasses chemical conversion with respect to higher yield and selectivity, normal reaction conditions and the use of cheaper biological catalysts. Many microorganisms are known to convert glycerol to different value added products. This study involved the isolation of bacteria from soil and crude glycerol from a local biodiesel plant. Isolates were then used to convert crude glycerol supplemented with salts and a nitrogen source into commercially viable products. Isolates which successfully degraded glycerol were then identified via 16S PCR. A strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae, which is a known producer of 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO), was isolated from soil and two strains of Sphingomonas sp., which is a known gellan producer, was isolated from biodiesel waste. Gellan is an exopolysaccharide used in the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries sold commercially as a product known as Gelrite or Gelzan while 1,3-PDO is an important component of fuels and polyesters (used widely in the petroleum industry) and is currently chemically produced. Using crude glycerol for producing 1,3-PDO is a good solution from an economic as well as ecological point of view. K. pneumoniae, Sphingomonas psueudosanguinis and Sphingomonas yabuuchiae were subjected to a series of shake flask fermentations in order to determine optimal growth conditions. This microoganism was able to successfully produce significant amounts of 1,3-PDO and lactic acid using crude glycerol (80 g/l), without pre-treatment (37 and 6.8 g/l respectively). S psueudosanguinis and S. yabuuchiae were both able to produce two of the highest amounts of gellan gum than that reported by other studies using crude glycerol (80 g/l) as a sole carbon source in a minimal medium (50.9 and 52.6 g/l respectively). / National Research Foundation

Orientador: Reinaldo José da Silva / Banca: Jose Luís Fernando Luque Alejos / Banca: Luciano Alves dos Anjos / Resumo: A busca por fatores que levam a variação na composição e estrutura das comunidades de parasitas é um ponto chave nos estudos de ecologia do parasitismo. O presente estudo teve como objetivos avaliar se a composição, estrutura e diversidade das comunidades componentes de helmintos de Notothenia coriiceps podem variar em termos locais e temporais na baía do Almirantado, Ilha Rei George, Península Antártica. Os peixes foram coletados em cincos locais diferentes denominados, Arctowiski, Ipanema, Punta Ullman, Refúgio I e Smok Point, totalizando 126 indivíduos. Após capturados, os peixes foram necropsiados e os parasitas encontrados foram coletados, quantificados, fixados e identificados. Todos os peixes foram infectados por pelo menos uma espécie de helminto parasita. Das 13 espécies de helmintos encontradas, cinco eram larvas (2 cestóides, 2 nematóides e 1 acantocéfalo) e oito adultos (5 digenéticos e 3 de acantocéfalos). As espécies dominantes e com as maiores intensidades em todos os locais foram adultos de Macvicaria georgiana e Aspersentis megarhynchus e cistacanto de Corynosoma sp., com destaque para os locais Arctowiski e Smok Point. As espécies Genolinea bowesi, Pseudoterranova sp., Contracaecum sp., Metacanthocephalus johnstoni e larvas de Tetraphyllidae apresentaram um padrão relativamente semelhante de infecção. A riqueza local variou de 9-11 taxa, seguidos por 13 e 11 no primeiro e segundo verão, enquanto que a riqueza de toda a baía (regional) atingiu 13 taxa. O índice de diversidade e equitabilidade tiveram pouca variação entre os locais, enquanto que para a baía (regional) e entre os anos praticamente não diferiu. As comunidades componentes com base na diversidade exibiram pouca variação entre as localidades estudadas demonstrando que as espécies de helmintos se distribuem quase igualmente na baía do Almirantado. Apesar da distância entre os locais... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The search for factors that lead to variation in composition and community structure of parasites is a key point in studies of the ecology of parasitism. This study aimed to evaluate the composition, structure and diversity of helminth communities components of Notothenia coriiceps may vary on a local and temporal in Admiralty Bay, King George Island, Antarctic Peninsula. Fish were collected at five different locations named as Arctowiski, Ipanema, Punta Ullman, Refuge I, and Smok Point, totaling 126 individuals. Once captured, fish were necropsied and the parasites found were collected, quantified, identified and fixed. All fish were infected with at least one species of helminth parasites. Of the 13 helminth species found, five were larvae (2 cestodes, 2 nematodes and 1 acanthocephalan) and eight adults (five digenean and three acanthocephalans). The dominant species and with greater intensities at all sites were adults of Macvicaria georgiana, Aspersentis megarhynchus and cistacanth of Corynosoma sp., with emphasis on Arctowiski and Smok Point places. The species G. bowersi, Pseudoterranova sp., Contracaecum sp., Metacanthocephalus johnstoni and Tetraphyllidae larvae showed a relatively similar pattern of infection. The local species richness ranged from 9-11 species, followed by 13 and 11 in the first and second summer, while the wealth of the entire bay (regional) species was 13. The diversity index and evenness had little variation among locations, while the bay (regional) and between the years virtually had no differences. Communities based on diversity components showed little variation among the areas studied, demonstrating that the helminth species are distributed almost equally in Admiralty Bay. Despite the distance between the sites have from 2 to 9 km, this does not influence this diversity, but to be a key factor for the variations in the levels of infection among... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

?rea de concentra??o: Produ??o vegetal. / Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2017-04-17T13:34:09Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) joyce_gomes_damascena.pdf: 960688 bytes, checksum: 2e6f600e815aca460dd283096e182a25 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2017-04-24T17:56:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) joyce_gomes_damascena.pdf: 960688 bytes, checksum: 2e6f600e815aca460dd283096e182a25 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-24T17:56:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) joyce_gomes_damascena.pdf: 960688 bytes, checksum: 2e6f600e815aca460dd283096e182a25 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit. (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae), conhecida como leucena, ? bastante cultivada no mundo pelo valor nutricional de suas folhas e ramos finos, sendo considerado um alimento completo para ruminantes e monog?stricos, por isso utilizada em sistemas agrossilvipastoris. Esp?cie que tamb?m ? empregada para reflorestamento de ?reas degradadas podendo controlar eros?es h?dricas e e?licas, al?m de melhorar as condi??es ambientais. Al?m disso, leucena pode ser usada em quebra-vento, o que poder? influenciar na distribui??o de pragas e inimigos naturais e dificultar a localiza??o de plantas hospedeiras. A distribui??o desses insetos na planta poder? ocorrer de acordo com fatores extr?nsecos (ex.; vento, insola??o), o que varia com a regi?o que a cultura foi cultivada, e intr?nseca (ex.; componentes f?sico-qu?micos) relacionados com gen?tica da planta. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar durante dois anos, a distribui??o espacial de insetos fit?fagos e de seus inimigos naturais ao longo da estratifica??o vertical do dossel (partes apical, m?dia, basal e no tronco) e horizontal (orienta??o dos galhos quanto ? exposi??o do sol nas faces norte, sul, leste e oeste) e da face foliar (adaxial e abaxial) em L. leucocephala. As avalia??es foram realizadas estando L. leucocephala em quebra-vento com 100 metros de comprimento, disposto com duas fileiras centrais de Acacia mangium Willd. (Leguminosae) (espa?amento 3 x 3 m) e duas fileiras de L. leucocephala, uma de cada lado da A. mangium, com espa?amento de 3 m entre fileiras e 2 m entre plantas. Foram avaliados os n?meros de insetos fit?fagos, polinizadores e inimigos naturais, contados quinzenalmente, em 20 ?rvores de L. leucocephala (16 meses de idade) durante o per?odo experimental. Essa contagem foi realizada por visualiza??o direta, nas faces foliares (adaxial e abaxial)/folha, na parte apical, m?dia e basal do dossel e nos galhos posicionados nas faces norte, sul, leste e oeste, entre 7 e 11 h da manh?. Al?m disso, os insetos foram contabilizados no tronco das 20 ?rvores/avalia??o. Avaliaram-se os ?ndices ecol?gicos (n?mero de indiv?duos, riqueza, diversidade e abund?ncia de esp?cies). A f?rmula de Colina foi usada para calcular a diversidade. Abund?ncia e riqueza de esp?cies (S) foram calculadas pela f?rmula de Simpson. Domin?ncia-K foi calculada tra?ando a abund?ncia percentual cumulativo contra log classifica??o de esp?cies. Os valores de domin?ncia-K indica a distribui??o de domin?ncia e uniformidade dos indiv?duos entre as esp?cies. As frequ?ncias de cada esp?cie de inseto nas amostras foram classificadas como constante, comum e rara. No geral, foi observado baixos ?ndices de insetos em L. leucocephala, sendo encontradas 18 esp?cies raras, 3 comuns e 1 constante. Os maiores n?meros de indiv?duos tanto de fit?fagos, quanto de inimigos naturais e polinizadores quanto ? estratifica??o horizontal do dossel, foram observados na posi??o norte dos ramos. Para os ?ndices de riqueza espec?fica e diversidade de fit?fagos foram observados maiores valores nos galhos voltados a oeste e, para os inimigos naturais, nos galhos voltados para norte/sul e oeste, respectivamente. Para as vari?veis, n?mero de indiv?duos, riqueza espec?fica e ?ndice de diversidade quanto ? estratifica??o vertical do dossel, os maiores valores para fit?fagos foram observados na parte apical de L. leucocephala; e de inimigos naturais nas partes apicais e medianas, respectivamente. Os maiores valores de indiv?duos, riqueza espec?fica e ?ndice de diversidade tanto para os fit?fagos como os inimigos naturais, foram observados na face abaxial de L. leucocephala. Quanto ? vari?vel abund?ncia, fit?fagos mastigadores obtiveram maior ?ndice na posi??o norte dos ramos, j? sugadores, na posi??o oeste. Maior abund?ncia de formigas foi encontrada na posi??o norte, e maior abund?ncia de abelhas da esp?cie Tetragonisca angustula Latreille (Hymenoptera: Apidae) na posi??o oeste dos ramos do dossel de L. leucocephala. Quanto ? estratifica??o vertical do dossel, maiores valores de abund?ncia de fit?fagos mastigadores e sugadores foi na regi?o apical do dossel, o que tamb?m foi para formigas, j? as abelhas T. angustula em maior abund?ncia na regi?o mediana do dossel de L. leucocephala. Quanto ? face foliar, no geral, para todos os ?ndices avaliados, os maiores valores foram encontrados na face abaxial das folhas de L. leucocephala. Com este estudo, podem-se estabelecer estrat?gias de monitoramento, sabendo-se que fit?fagos, inimigos naturais e polinizadores est?o em maior n?mero de indiv?duos na posi??o norte da regi?o apical do dossel. J? a riqueza espec?fica e diversidade, encontram-se maiores ?ndices de fit?fagos, inimigos naturais e polinizadores na posi??o oeste da regi?o apical do dossel e no geral, encontrados na face abaxial das folhas de L. leucocephala. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Produ??o Vegetal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2016. / Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) of Wit.(Fabaceae: Mimosoideae), known as leucaena, is widely cultivated around the world due to the nutritional value of its leaves and thin branches, being considered a complete ruminant and monogastric feed, hence its use in agroforestry systems. This species is also used in the reforestation of degraded areas for it can control hydrous and aeolian erosion and also improve the environmental conditions. Above all, leucaena can be used in windbreaker, which may influence pests and enemies distribution and difficult the location of host plants. The distribution of those insects on the plant may occur according to extrinsic factors (e.g.: wind, insolation), which varies with the area where the culture was cultivated, and intrinsic (e.g.: physical and chemical components) related to the plant genetics. The objective of this paper was to evaluate during two years the spatial distribution of phytophagous insects and their natural enemies along the vertical canopy stratification (apical, medium and basal parts and also the trunk) and horizontal (orientation of the branches in relation to the exposition to the sun on north, south, east and west faces) and of foliar face (adaxial and abaxial) in L. leucocephala. The evaluations were performed with L. leucocephala being in windbreak with 100 meters in length, disposed in two central rows of Acacia mangium Willd. (Leguminosae) (spacing of 3 x 3 meters) and two rows of L. leucocephala, one of each side of A. mangium, with spacing of 3 meters between the rows and 2 meters between the plants. We evaluated the number of phytophagous insects, pollinator insects and natural enemies, counted every 15 days, in 20 trees of L. leucocephala (16-month old) during the experimental period. This count was performed by direct visualization on the foliar faces (adaxial and abaxial)/leaf, on the apical, medium and basal parts of the canopy and on branches placed on the north, south, east and west faces, between 7hrs and 11hrs in the morning. Above all, the insects were counted on the trunk of 20 trees/evaluation. The ecological indicators (number of individuals, affluence, diversity and abundance of species). The formula of Colina was used to calculate the diversity. Abundance and affluence of species (S) were calculated by the formula of Simpson. Dominance-K was calculated tracing cumulative percentage abundance against log classification of species. The values of dominance-K indicate the dominance and uniformity distribution of individuals between the species. The frequency of each insect species in the samples was classified as constant, common and rare. In general, it was observed low indices of insects in L. leucocephala, and 18 rare, 3 common and 1 constant species were found. The greatest number of phytophagous individuals, natural enemies and pollinators related to the horizontal canopy stratification were observed on the north side of the branches. For specific affluence and phytophagous diversity indices we observed greater values on the branches facing west, and for the bioregulators, on the branches facing north/south and west, respectively. For the variables, number of individuals, specific affluence, and diversity index in relation to the vertical canopy stratification, the greater values for phytophagous were observed on the apical part of L. leucocephala; and of bioregulators on the apical and medium parts, respectively. The greatest values of individuals, specific affluence and biodiversity index were observed on the abaxial face of L. leucocephala for both phytophagous and bioregulators. As for the abundance variable, chewing phytophagous acquired greater index on the north position of the branches, while sucking phytophagous, on west position. Greater abundance of ants was found on the north position, and greater abundance of bees of the Tetragonisca angustula Latreille (Hymenoptera: Apidae) species on the west position of the canopy branches of L. leucocephala. Regarding the vertical canopy stratification, greater abundance values of chewing and sucking phytophagous were found on the apical canopy region, the same was true for ants, whereas the T. angustula bees were more abundant on the medium canopy region of L. leucocephala. As for the foliar face, in general for all evaluated indexes the greatest values were found on the abaxial face of L. leucocephala leaves. With this paper, we can establish monitoring strategies, knowing that phytophagous, natural enemies and pollinators are in greater number of individuals on the north position of the apical canopy region. As for the specific affluence and diversity, greater phytophagous, natural enemies and pollinators were found on the west position of the apical canopy region and in general, were also found on the abaxial face of L. leucocephala leaves.

An animated documentary that looks at the role that the casting process plays in the diversity of film and television.

This thesis is composed of two topics both concerning diverse and obligatory trypanosomatid parasites. First part deals with identification of new Trypanosoma species identified in blood meal of tsetse flies caught in Dzanga-Sangha Protected Areas, Central African Republic, and identification of feeding preferences of tsetse flies. The second part concerns extraordinary monoxenous trypanosomatid Paratrypanosoma confusum which constitutes the most basal branch between free-living Bodo saltans and parasitic trypanosomatids. This thesis helped to elucidate morphology and biology of this deep branching trypanosomatid. Using genome and transcriptome sequencing and comparative bioinformatics approaches enabled search for ancestral genes shared with free-living bodonids and confirmed genome streamlining in trypanosomatids.

Studies have acknowledged various conceptualisations of diversity management. These studies have also provided guidance for better and effective ways for managing diversity at the organisational, national and global levels. Nonetheless, it has been argued that focus on conceptualising diversity management has mainly been within the context of the Global North: reflecting mainly Anglo-centric and neo liberal structuring. As a result, this has limited the growth of management styles in Africa. To this effect, this research explores the nature and concept of diversity in Nigeria; it examines diversity management approaches by Shell and General Electric (GE) subsidiaries in Nigeria, and evaluates the broader role of these diversity management practices in contributing to the National Development Plans in Nigeria. Though starting from an Anglo-centric and neo liberal position, I go beyond this structuring as I critically examine the diversity management practices from a Nigerian context and by conducting interviews about the significance of these practices in Nigeria. This research adopts a feminist lens that gives voice and unveils power relations. In addition, I draw on four Western diversity frameworks, including Cox Taylor organisational types and dimensions, Ely and Thomas model of diversity, relational framework by Syed and Ozbilgin and intersectionality theory. These frameworks and approaches analyse the implication of diversity management within these MNC systems in Nigeria as they promote social equality and foster development. In addition, evaluating the broader roles of these MNCs in contributing to national development planning emphasises the need for incorporating diversity management in human resource development theorizing.

This study examined the effects of framing on participant interest and retention of diversity-related material. In this study, 204 students from undergraduate psychology courses across two universities read a vignette about Kenneth and Mamie Clark. The vignette was presented in the context of one of four frames that either highlighted or did not highlight their minority status and/or their status as leaders in their field. After reading the vignette, students responded to 13 items measuring recall of the material figures and 11 items assessing their interest in these figures. Participants also responded to the Scale of Ethnocultural Empathy (SEE), Modern Racism Scale (MRS), and Color-Blind Racial Attitudes Scale (CoBRAS). The data found in the present study provided varying levels of support for the hypotheses. The effects were stronger for Illinois participants, which may be due to the larger sample size collected and/or the greater diversity of the school population. These results bring to light an interesting potential area of future research that could eventually impact school curricula. It is possible that a better understanding of effective methods for engaging students in discussions of diversity may be around the corner. Participant race, gender, location, and major all had varying degrees of an effect on the results, indicating that, like many other topics in psychology, understanding how people react to diversity discussions is not simply black and white.

The antibody response has evolved under constant pressure to recognize common pathogens and also remain adaptable to novel threats. Given the limited size of the germline antibody repertoire, adaptability requires that some antibodies must be polyspecific for multiple distinct antigens. Despite the profound importance of polyspecificity in the antibody response, the structural features that allow it are not well understood. Antibodies raised against glycoconjugates of Chlamydiaceae LPS oligosaccharides of the inner-core sugar Kdo (3-deoxy-d-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid) have been shown to cross-react with several inner-core oligosaccharides through conserved recognition of single Kdo residues in a germline-encoded pocket, with additional sugars accommodated by flexible side-chains. Two of these antibodies, S25-2 and S25-39, were observed to bind several Kdo oligosaccharides with an identical binding site conformation, but adopted unique conformations of the heavy chain complementarity determining region loop 3 (CDR H3) in the absence of ligand. Conformational flexibility of germline antibodies is believed to facilitate polyspecificity by generating multiple unique binding sites in a single antibody. This thesis research further explores the conformational flexibility of the antibodies S25-2 and S25-39 to gain insight into mechanisms of antigen recognition and how this feature may allow polyspecificity. This was achieved first by solving structures of S25-39 from crystals grown in unique conditions to observe alternate CDR H3 conformations, and second by designing synthetic Kdo-based antigens so as both to inhibit interaction with the previously observed liganded conformation of S25-2 and S25-39 and to be accommodated by their observed unliganded conformations. These structures reveal an unprecedented level of structural diversity of CDR H3, notably including the exact ‘liganded’ conformation in the absence of ligand. This is the first direct structural evidence that CDR H3 can exist in a conformational equilibrium with antigen binding through a selection mechanism, as opposed to induced fit where antigen causes the observed conformational change. Definitive evidence for binding the synthetic antigens was not obtained, however the resulting structures revealed several additional unique conformations of CDR H3 suggesting that ligands can alter conformational equilibria during crystallization. A unique conformation was also observed with CDR H3 coordinating multiple iodide ions, revealing another potential source of polyspecificity with unique binding paratopes generated by ion coordination. Finally, the unparalleled level of conformational diversity observed for these antibodies highlights the challenges of antibody structure classification and prediction, and stresses the need for additional in-depth studies of conformational diversity and binding mechanisms to advance these fields for therapeutic application. This is the first targeted structural study of flexibility in antibodies and provides insight into their conformational dynamics and antigen-binding mechanisms. These are of fundamental importance in understanding antibody structure and function, a critical consideration in practical applications such as modelling and design of therapeutic or diagnostic antibodies. / Graduate / 2019-11-27

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-07-02Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:25:16Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 neto_hb_dr_prud.pdf: 19166842 bytes, checksum: 91493cf927d69a09c69a8e5931c916a3 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Território, cultura e tempo são referências basilares para entender a diversidade territorial que se manifesta no Globo, nos territórios nacionais, nas regiões e mesmo nos lugares, considerando a base espacial transformada pelo homem, como um ser social. Neste sentido, é necessário “recontar”, resgatar a história do território e dos homens que o criaram, para entender a dinâmica atual, a organização e as possibilidades de desenvolvimento futuro. Nesta perspectiva, construímos uma base teórica para compreender o território numa perspectiva multidimensional, destacando os processos culturais e econômicos vinculados à colonização alemã e italiana no Rio Grande do Sul. Tratamos da construção histórica do território, identificando e explicando elementos simbólicos e materiais, isto é, atividades econômicas e políticas desenvolvidas pela sociedade que o constrói, dotando-o de significados. A (i)materialidade do território se reflete na organização da sociedade, em relação aos seus semelhantes e às diferenças, num movimento processual de constante (re)criação, (re)construção, isto é, de territorialização, desterritorialização e reterritorialização (T-D-R). No intuito de compreender a relação território-poder-apropriação simbólica, realizamos pesquisa bibliográfica e empírica, que proporcionou interpretar e analisar a territorialização dos imigrantes alemães e italianos no Rio Grande do Sul e a consequente formação dos territórios da imigração. O território como uma construção histórica, com mudanças e permanências... / Territory, culture and time are references to understand the basic territorial diversity manifested in the Globe, within the national territories, regions and even in places, considering the spatial base transformed by man, as a social being. In this sense, it is necessary to retell, rescue the story of the territory and the men who created it, to understand the current dynamics, the organization and the possibilities for future development. In this perspective, we built a theoretical foundation for understanding the territory in a multidimensional perspective, highlighting the cultural and economic processes tied to the German and Italian colonization in Rio Grande do Sul. We treated the historical construction of the territory, identifying and explaining symbolic and material elements, that is, economic activities and policies developed by the society that builds it, giving it meaning. The (i) materiality of the territory is reflected in the organization of society in relation to their peers and to the differences, in a procedural motion of constant (re) creation, (re) construction, that is, territorialization, desterritorialization and reterritorialization (T-D-R). In order to understand the relationship between territory-power-symbolic appropriation, we conducted a bibliographical and empirical research, which allowed us to interpret and analyze the territorialization of German and Italian immigrants in Rio Grande do Sul and the consequent formation of the territory of immigration. The territory as a historic building, with... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)