Syftet med denna studie var att se ifall man med hjälp utav binaural beats kan känna av berusning i form av ett psykedeliskt rus liknande substansen DMT (N, NDimetyltryptamine). Med hjälp av en kvalitativ metod i form av ett lyssningstest, tillsammans med forskning som finns kring substansen så visar det övergripande resultatet på att det inte är riktig berusning som upplevs, utan försökspersonerna visar symptom på det förändrade medvetandetillståndet som upplevs mellan vaka och sömn, det som även kallas för hypnagoga.

Nowadays the technologies of communication are widely developing due to the huge requirements in the world, such as asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL), wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi), and high definition television (HDTV). We are seeking for high performance and quality communication schemes. The scheme of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) catches everyone's eyes due to the advantages of the OFDM. Not only high bit rate in the long haul transmission but also reconfigurable network is the charming contention, and the penalties are reduced by the cyclic prefix which can reduce the inter-symbol interference (ISI). In this thesis, I will introduce the demand for optical fiber communications, then, interpret the motivation and the organizations in a nutshell. Next, the theoretical studies will be discussed, including mathematical formulations and basic theories of one tap equalizer, a cyclic prefix, a training symbol synchronization, and a discrete multitone (DMT) modulation. In addition, the experimental setups are successfully constructed and used for verifying the impact of one tap equalizer and the training symbol synchronization. Also, the performance of the systems are measured. Finally, the thesis is concluded.

This thesis deals with the study of revitalization measures on upstream of the Svratka River, specifically near the village Herálec. The thesis also contains information about locality, bioregion and basin of Svratka River The main part of the paper examines the modified section Svratka. The goal of this work is to evaluate the current situation and then propose measures that would lead to the revitalization of Svratka River. When drafting work was also used hydrological program HEC-RAS and ATLAS DMT

This diploma thesis focuses on G.fast and VDSL2 technologies and their comparison. G.fast has the prerequisites for replacing VDSL2 for short distances. This work describes in detail the modulation techniques of both DSL technologies - DMT modulation used by both technologies. The aim of this work is to create a software for comparing the transfer rates of all profiles of both technologies, including the effects of far-end crosstalk. This is performed in the Matlab environment. This work describes how the program works and how to run the simulations. The results of selected simulations and their charts are enclosed in this work.

Koncentrace volných kovových iontů je často jen malou částí celkové koncentrace kovu v prostředí. Přes tento malý obsah, je ve většině případů koncentrace volných kovových iontů klíčovým faktorem při určování biodostupnosti a toxicity pro organizmus. Membránová technika Donnan se používá k měření koncentrace volných kovových iontů a v této diplomové práci je ověřena pro směsi kovů (Pb + Cu) při absenci a přítomnosti malých organických ligandů. Olovo a měď jsou environmentálně důležité kovy díky své toxicitě a rozdílným vazebným vlastnostem ve vztahu ke studovaným ligandům.

Psychedelics—also known as hallucinogens and entheogens—comprise a family of psychoactive molecules that are both found in nature and synthetically engineered in the lab. As a class, psychedelic compounds produce phenomenologically complex and novel experiences that have recently captured the attention of mental health clinicians and researchers. However, psychedelic clinical research and treatment remain limited, with most studies exploring the efficacy and safety of protocols for individuals with anxiety, depression, substance use, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), while individuals with personal or familial histories of psychosis, psychotic disorders, and bipolar disorder are mostly excluded from treatment and research. The overarching objectives of this thesis included determining 1) whether excluding this group from psychedelic clinical research is justified, 2) when psychedelic drug administration and psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy (PAP) may be contraindicated for this group, 3) if people with a history of psychosis or a psychotic disorder may be able to treat their psychotic symptoms with PAP, 4) if people with a history of psychosis or psychotic disorder may be able to treat their co-morbid conditions like anxiety, depression, substance use, or PTSD with PAP, 5) what a PAP treatment protocol for this group could look like 6) how individuals with reported histories of psychosis and psychotic disorders describe their experiences of psychedelic drug use and 7) whether naturalistic psychedelic use has an overall positive or negative effect on emotional well-being and psychological functioning for this group. Results from the first study—a qualitative study with experts in medicine, mental health, and psychedelics—suggest that certain individuals with histories of psychosis and psychotic disorders may benefit from PAP under the right conditions, such as when psychosis is etiologically connected to traumatic events, when the protocol offers extensive support for the patient, and when psychosis is not the result of amphetamine use or medical conditions such as epilepsy. Moreover, results suggest that the effects of the specific psychedelic that is administered must be carefully considered and support outside of therapy must also be assessed. Other factors such as personality traits, ability to form rapport with a guide or sitter, symptom severity, specific symptom endorsement, symptom duration, age, the presence of physiopathology and more must also be taken into consideration. For the second study, a cross-sectional, retrospective, phenomenological survey report was administered to individuals who reported a history of one or more psychotic experiences and/or diagnosis of a psychotic condition who also had at least one psychedelic drug experience in their lifetime. The survey asked participants to describe one memorable instance of psychedelic drug use and found that in a sample of 100, most individuals (n=88) describe some degree of personal growth resulting from their experience. Many also describe mystical-type experiences, gaining insight or awareness during their experience, heightened appreciation for life, and improved mental health and emotional well-being. Descriptions of symptomatic relief included reduced paranoid thinking, changes in relationships with symptoms, and decreased suicidal ideation. Approximately 11% of the sample described negative experiences including perseverating psychological impairment, symptom exacerbation, and psychedelic-induced suicidality. A slightly larger portion of the sample described mixed-type experiences, i.e., experiencing positive and negative effects alongside each other. The findings of these studies fill a major gap in the literature by suggesting that individuals with histories of psychotic symptoms and disorders may be able to partake in psychedelic studies and treatment under certain circumstances. This is because experts have explicitly stated that psychedelic use is not necessarily contraindicated for everyone with psychotic conditions and symptoms, but rather that most PAP protocols for anxiety, depression and other conditions do not offer enough support. At the same time, exclusion criteria are required by the FDA. Additionally, survey reports from individuals with lived experiences of psychosis further back the position that PAP could be a viable treatment option for this group through their survey reports. Specifically, the high prevalence of positive and therapeutic experiences with psychedelics in naturalistic settings suggests that clinically supervised psychedelic drug use may generate similar or even better outcomes for this population. Although a minority had adverse experiences, it remains to be studied as to whether similar effects might be experienced at a similar rate or similar degree of frequency in clinical studies, which utilize harm reduction strategies, maximize safety, and implement preparatory and integration sessions, elements which were notably absent from reports of adverse experiences in the survey. Results also shed light on what a psychedelic treatment protocol could look like for this group, and how individuals with histories of psychotic experiences and diagnosed psychotic conditions describe their experiences of psychedelic use and the effects of psychedelic drugs on their emotional and psychological functioning.

The modern psychiatric crisis has become a global epidemic as the prevalence of psychiatric disorders continues to rise. These numbers have only been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, and the long-term psychological effects resulting from the social isolation and fear of the disease have yet to be seen. Those already suffering from psychiatric disorders have limited options for treatment, as current therapeutic methods for mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders demonstrate high failure rates with many individuals suffering from treatment resistance. Individuals that do respond to modern therapies typically require treatment for several weeks or months, occasionally even years, before experiencing any reductions in their symptoms. Tryptamine psychedelics have been used for millennia by indigenous cultures through highly ritualized religious ceremonies to purge individuals of disease and offer spiritual guidance, however their application within modern medicine did not begin until Albert Hofmann’s discovery of LSD in 1938. The next several decades saw an explosion in clinical studies involving tryptamine psychedelics showcasing their ability to demonstrate immediate treatment after single doses in individuals suffering from diseases such as depression and PTSD, however research and clinical practices came to a halt after the passing of the Controlled Substances Act of 1970. As renewed interest in psychedelic medicine continues to grow, this review details the therapeutic potential of tryptamine psychedelics while exploring their current status within clinical trials.

The ability to accurately measure surface and interfacial energies affects our understanding of friction, wear, bonding and adhesion. Although there are accurate ways to measure the surface energies of liquids, the surface energies of solids have been harder to characterize. In order to broaden the knowledge of adhesion of solids, a modification to the constrained blister test is proposed. Most of the previous work on constrained blisters has examined the debonding of the blister from the surface underneath as pressure is applied from below. In this thesis, the contact of the constrained blister with the flat surface above it is considered. In addition, the blister is given specified boundary conditions at its outer radius, which has a fixed value. Three models of the blister behavior are considered: linear plate, nonlinear plate, and membrane. The contact of the blister with the substrate above it is modeled with no adhesion, the JKR-type of adhesion, and the DMT-type of adhesion. Several substrate heights are considered, along with several values for the work of adhesion in the JKR analysis, and several combinations of force magnitude and gap size in the DMT analysis. The effect of adhesion on the contact radius is investigated. Sometimes the contact radius changes discontinuously as the pressure is increased or decreased. Results from the three models of blister behavior and the different models of adhesion are compared. / Master of Science

The understanding of topics such as friction, wear, lubrication, and adhesive bonds is dependent on the ability to measure surface and interfacial energies. The surface energies of liquids may be measured accurately using a variety of techniques; however, surface energies of solids are much more difficult to accurately measure. In an attempt to develop a method that can be used to measure surface and interfacial energies of solids, this thesis proposes the use of a elastica. The elastica acts as an extremely flexible beam and provides a structure that will permit measurable deformation of the solid by relatively small surface attractions. The ends of the elastica are lifted, bent, and clamped vertically at an equal height and specified distance apart. They are then moved downward, allowing the strip to make contact with a flat, rigid, horizontal surface. Two adhesion models are investigated. First, a JKR-type analysis, which examines the effect of adhesion forces that exist within the area of contact between the elastica and the rigid surface, is considered. Various values for the work of adhesion are examined. A DMT-type analysis, which assumes that the adhesion forces act in the region just outside of the contact area, is also considered. Results are obtained for linear and constant forces. Various values for the maximum DMT force and the vertical separation between the elastica and the rigid substrate at which the adhesion forces terminate are examined. Results from the two types of analyses are compared. / Master of Science

Após um intervalo de duas décadas, ressurgiu um novo interesse em estudos sobre alucinógenos que visam a compreensão de como estes compostos interagem com o sistema nervoso central (SNC). Sabendo-se que enzimas do tipo peroxidases estão presentes em células do tipo leucócitos, neurônios e microglia, e que, são capazes de oxidar compostos indólicos, esta, portanto, poderia representar uma rota ativa de metabolização de alucinógenos no SNC, ainda não conhecida. Nesta perspectiva, este trabalho contribui com a descrição da metabolização da dietilamida do ácido lisérgico (LSD) e da N,N-dimetiltriptamina (DMT) por peroxidase de rábano (HRP) e mieloperoxidase (MPO) proveniente de neutrófilos ativados. A formação de produtos de reação foi acompanhada por HPLC com detectores de arranjo de diodos (DAD) e fluorescência, e a identificação por espectrometria de massas (MS). Ambas as peroxidases foram capazes de metabolizar LSD a compostos que coincidem com produtos de sua metabolização in vivo, como 2-oxo-3-hidroxi-LSD (O-H-LSD) e nor-LSD, por enzimas hepáticas do complexo P450. Entretanto, um terceiro produto formado não havia sido descrito anteriormente. Apresenta como característica principal a abertura do anel indólico e foi nomeado pelo nosso grupo como N,N-dietil-7-formamido-4-metil-6-oxo-2,3,4,4a,5,6-hexahidrobenzo[f]quinolina-2-carboxamida (FOMBK). De uma maneira semelhante, HRP e MPO também metabolizaram DMT a um produto hidroxilado (OH-DMT), que possivelmente apresenta considerável ação alucinógena, e a um segundo produto nomeado N,N-dimetil-N-formil-quinuramina (DMFK). Visto que peroxidases estão presentes em diferentes tipos celulares, é razoável supor que a formação dos produtos descritos neste estudo possa ocorrer in vivo, numa possível via alternativa de metabolização de LSD e DMT ainda não descrita em humanos. / After a gap of two decades a new interest in hallucinogen studies that aim the comprehension of how these compounds interact with the central nervous system (CNS) rose again. It is known that peroxidases enzymes are present in cells such as leukocytes, neurons and microglia and that they are capable of oxidizing indolic compounds. Then it could represent an active metabolization pathway for hallucinogens in the CNS, not known yet. In this perspective, this study contributed with the description of the metabolization of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) by horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) from activated neutrophils. The formation of the reaction products was attended by HPLC with diode array and fluorescence detectors, and the identification by mass spectrometry (MS). Both peroxidases were capable of metabolizing LSD to compounds that coincide with products from its in vivo metabolization, as 2-oxo-3-hydroxy-LSD (O-H-LSD) and nor-LSD by the liver enzymes from P450 complex. However, a third compound had not been described before. It has the opened indolic ring as main characteristic and was named by our group as N,N-diethyl-7-formamido-4-methyl-6-oxo-2,3,4,4a,5,6-hexahydrobenzo[f]quinoline-2-carboxamide (FOMBK). In a similar way, HRP and MPO also metabolized DMT to a hydroxylated product (OH-DMT) that possibly shows a considerable hallucinogen action and to a second product named as N,N-dimethyl-N-formyl-kynuramine (DMFK). Since peroxidases are present in different cell types, it is reasonable to assume that the formation of the products described in this study may occur in vivo as well, in a possible alternative metabolic pathway for LSD and DMT that has not been described in humans yet.