<p>I denna uppsats tas frågan upp om vilka drivkrafter som låg bakom förändringen i urvalsprocessen för stridspiloter under 70-talet. 1970 skedde en reform av urvalssystemet där det gick från ett karakterologiskt urval till ett stegvist urval. Det karakterologiska urvalet baserades till större del på psykologiska intervjuer medan det stegvisa urvalet var en rad olika tester som riktade sig mot vissa specifika områden inom flygandet. Även i det stegvisa urvalet använder man sig utav psykologintervjuer men det är inte längre den övervägande största delen av informationskälla för UTK. Arbetet är upplagt som en hypotesprövning där forskaren ställt upp fyra olika hypoteser för vad som var drivkraften bakom förändringen i urvalsprocessen. De olika hypoteserna testar om det är förändringar i utbildningen, flygsäkerhets faktorer, flygteknologisk utveckling eller effektivitet i examinerande av piloter som är huvuddrivkraften. Det forskaren kommit fram till är att huvuddrivkraften bakom förändringen i urvalsprocessen är effektivitetstänkandet. Arbetet med att ta fram en ny urvalsprocess har skett i syfte att minska antalet avgångar från utbildningen men har uppnått det genom att kunna införa DMT som testmetod och en ny utbildningssyn på flygskolan. Genom noggrannare tester och tolkningar av testresultat kan UTK numera utgå från att varje elev som tas ut i urvalsprocessen har de grundförutsättningar som krävs för att genomföra en godkänd GFU, vilket är en viktig del i dagens effektiva utbildning.</p> / <p>In this essay raises the question about the driving forces behind the change in the selection process for fighter pilots during the 70s is raised. 1970 there was a reform of the fighter pilot selection system where it went from a characterological selection to “stegvist urval”. The characterological selectionwas based mostly on psychological interviews while “stegvist urval” was a range of tests directed against certain specific areas of flying. Even in the “stegvist urval” interviews by psychologists are used, but is no longer the main source of information for UTK. The work is structured as a hypothesis which the researcher has set four different hypotheses for what was the driving force behind change in the selection process. The different hypotheses test if it is the changes in training, flight safety factors, technological development or the graduating of pilots that isthe main driving force. The researcher arrived at the conclusion that the main driving force behind the change in the selection process is effectivity. The work of developing a new selection process has been in purpose to reduce the number of drop-offs from the flight training. That has been achieved by introducing the DMT method in the selection process and a new way of conducting the flight training at flight school. By carefully testing and interpreting test results, UTK now can assume that every student that passes the selection process has the necessary pre requisites to complete basic flight training, which is an important part of today's effective flight training.</p>

I denna uppsats tas frågan upp om vilka drivkrafter som låg bakom förändringen i urvalsprocessen för stridspiloter under 70-talet. 1970 skedde en reform av urvalssystemet där det gick från ett karakterologiskt urval till ett stegvist urval. Det karakterologiska urvalet baserades till större del på psykologiska intervjuer medan det stegvisa urvalet var en rad olika tester som riktade sig mot vissa specifika områden inom flygandet. Även i det stegvisa urvalet använder man sig utav psykologintervjuer men det är inte längre den övervägande största delen av informationskälla för UTK. Arbetet är upplagt som en hypotesprövning där forskaren ställt upp fyra olika hypoteser för vad som var drivkraften bakom förändringen i urvalsprocessen. De olika hypoteserna testar om det är förändringar i utbildningen, flygsäkerhets faktorer, flygteknologisk utveckling eller effektivitet i examinerande av piloter som är huvuddrivkraften. Det forskaren kommit fram till är att huvuddrivkraften bakom förändringen i urvalsprocessen är effektivitetstänkandet. Arbetet med att ta fram en ny urvalsprocess har skett i syfte att minska antalet avgångar från utbildningen men har uppnått det genom att kunna införa DMT som testmetod och en ny utbildningssyn på flygskolan. Genom noggrannare tester och tolkningar av testresultat kan UTK numera utgå från att varje elev som tas ut i urvalsprocessen har de grundförutsättningar som krävs för att genomföra en godkänd GFU, vilket är en viktig del i dagens effektiva utbildning. / In this essay raises the question about the driving forces behind the change in the selection process for fighter pilots during the 70s is raised. 1970 there was a reform of the fighter pilot selection system where it went from a characterological selection to “stegvist urval”. The characterological selectionwas based mostly on psychological interviews while “stegvist urval” was a range of tests directed against certain specific areas of flying. Even in the “stegvist urval” interviews by psychologists are used, but is no longer the main source of information for UTK. The work is structured as a hypothesis which the researcher has set four different hypotheses for what was the driving force behind change in the selection process. The different hypotheses test if it is the changes in training, flight safety factors, technological development or the graduating of pilots that isthe main driving force. The researcher arrived at the conclusion that the main driving force behind the change in the selection process is effectivity. The work of developing a new selection process has been in purpose to reduce the number of drop-offs from the flight training. That has been achieved by introducing the DMT method in the selection process and a new way of conducting the flight training at flight school. By carefully testing and interpreting test results, UTK now can assume that every student that passes the selection process has the necessary pre requisites to complete basic flight training, which is an important part of today's effective flight training.

Após um intervalo de duas décadas, ressurgiu um novo interesse em estudos sobre alucinógenos que visam a compreensão de como estes compostos interagem com o sistema nervoso central (SNC). Sabendo-se que enzimas do tipo peroxidases estão presentes em células do tipo leucócitos, neurônios e microglia, e que, são capazes de oxidar compostos indólicos, esta, portanto, poderia representar uma rota ativa de metabolização de alucinógenos no SNC, ainda não conhecida. Nesta perspectiva, este trabalho contribui com a descrição da metabolização da dietilamida do ácido lisérgico (LSD) e da N,N-dimetiltriptamina (DMT) por peroxidase de rábano (HRP) e mieloperoxidase (MPO) proveniente de neutrófilos ativados. A formação de produtos de reação foi acompanhada por HPLC com detectores de arranjo de diodos (DAD) e fluorescência, e a identificação por espectrometria de massas (MS). Ambas as peroxidases foram capazes de metabolizar LSD a compostos que coincidem com produtos de sua metabolização in vivo, como 2-oxo-3-hidroxi-LSD (O-H-LSD) e nor-LSD, por enzimas hepáticas do complexo P450. Entretanto, um terceiro produto formado não havia sido descrito anteriormente. Apresenta como característica principal a abertura do anel indólico e foi nomeado pelo nosso grupo como N,N-dietil-7-formamido-4-metil-6-oxo-2,3,4,4a,5,6-hexahidrobenzo[f]quinolina-2-carboxamida (FOMBK). De uma maneira semelhante, HRP e MPO também metabolizaram DMT a um produto hidroxilado (OH-DMT), que possivelmente apresenta considerável ação alucinógena, e a um segundo produto nomeado N,N-dimetil-N-formil-quinuramina (DMFK). Visto que peroxidases estão presentes em diferentes tipos celulares, é razoável supor que a formação dos produtos descritos neste estudo possa ocorrer in vivo, numa possível via alternativa de metabolização de LSD e DMT ainda não descrita em humanos. / After a gap of two decades a new interest in hallucinogen studies that aim the comprehension of how these compounds interact with the central nervous system (CNS) rose again. It is known that peroxidases enzymes are present in cells such as leukocytes, neurons and microglia and that they are capable of oxidizing indolic compounds. Then it could represent an active metabolization pathway for hallucinogens in the CNS, not known yet. In this perspective, this study contributed with the description of the metabolization of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) by horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) from activated neutrophils. The formation of the reaction products was attended by HPLC with diode array and fluorescence detectors, and the identification by mass spectrometry (MS). Both peroxidases were capable of metabolizing LSD to compounds that coincide with products from its in vivo metabolization, as 2-oxo-3-hydroxy-LSD (O-H-LSD) and nor-LSD by the liver enzymes from P450 complex. However, a third compound had not been described before. It has the opened indolic ring as main characteristic and was named by our group as N,N-diethyl-7-formamido-4-methyl-6-oxo-2,3,4,4a,5,6-hexahydrobenzo[f]quinoline-2-carboxamide (FOMBK). In a similar way, HRP and MPO also metabolized DMT to a hydroxylated product (OH-DMT) that possibly shows a considerable hallucinogen action and to a second product named as N,N-dimethyl-N-formyl-kynuramine (DMFK). Since peroxidases are present in different cell types, it is reasonable to assume that the formation of the products described in this study may occur in vivo as well, in a possible alternative metabolic pathway for LSD and DMT that has not been described in humans yet.

The aim of my master’s thesis was to createa digital terrain model (DTM). The assigned data were to be processed, updated, unified and subsequently used to create a purpose map on the scale of 1:500. The selected area issituated near the village of Jedovnice; to be more specific, the area includes a meadow located along the Podomský rivulet and the adjacent forest. To create the purpose map, the MicroStation software was used (version V8). Furthermore, the Atlas DTM software (version 4)was used to create the digital terrain model, colour hypsometry and an exposure map and finally, the AutoCAD software (student version 2013) was used for visualizing and matching objects with textures.

Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka psykologers och legitimerade psykoterapeuters erfarenhet av att arbeta med dans- och rörelseterapi. Data samlades in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med fyra legitimerade psykoterapeuter och en psykolog, varav samtliga var utbildade dansterapeuter. Data analyserades därmed med tematisk analys. Resultaten sammanfattades i två huvudteman; terapeuters användning av DMT &amp; sig själva samt hjälpsamt &amp; icke hjälpsamt med DMT. Studien bidrar med information om förmånliga sätt att använda DMT på, för- och nackdelar med metoden samt den etiska aspekten av användandet av DMT som psykolog och legitimerad psykoterapeut då det är en icke-evidensbaserad metod. / The purpose of this study was to examine psychologists and licensed psychotherapists’ experience of working with dance- and movement therapy. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews with four licensed psychotherapists and one psychologist, all of whom were trained dance- and movement therapists. Data was thus analyzed with thematic analysis. The results were summarized in two main themes; therapists’ use of DMT &amp; themselves as well as helpful &amp; not helpful with DMT. This was further discussed based on strengths and weaknesses with the method as well as the ethical aspect with the practice of it. The study provides information on beneficial ways to use DMT, the pros and cons of the method and the ethical aspect of using DMT as a psychologist and licensed psychotherapist as it is a non-evidence-based method.

O estudo do comportamento mecânico dos solos é muitas vezes feito por meio de ensaios de campo, cujos resultados permitem a definição do perfil estratigráfico, posição do nível d\'água e estimativa realista dos parâmetros dos materiais envolvidos, bem como a avaliação de sua variabilidade. Os solos tropicais apresentam comportamento peculiar, devido aos processos geológicos e/ou pedológicos inerentes a sua formação e sua condição não saturada. Por isso, a Mecânica dos Solos Clássica apresenta limitações para prever seu comportamento, principalmente quando se leva em conta a variabilidade sazonal. Neste contexto, este trabalho tem como objetivo estudar o comportamento não convencional de perfis de solos tropicais não saturados, com ênfase a influência da variabilidade sazonal na estimativa de parâmetros geotécnicos considerando o efeito da sucção. Os ensaios de campo realizados foram os de Cone (CPT) e de Dilatômetro (DMT), em conjunto com sísmica downhole. Os locais estudados foram os Campos Experimentais da USP de São Carlos e da Unesp de Bauru. Resultados desses ensaios foram reavaliados com o intuito de melhor compreender a variabilidade espaçotemporal. Foi possível verificar que as variações sazonais nos perfis de umidade, e consequentemente da sucção, afetaram os resultados dos ensaios de campo, destacando a importância de considerar a variabilidade sazonal na interpretação dos mesmos. Novas campanhas de ensaios de campo, sempre com a determinação de perfis de umidade e curvas de retenção de água no solo para a estimativa de sucção foram realizadas nesses dois campos experimentais. A interpretação dos resultados desses ensaios considerando o efeito da sucção e microestrutura presentes nos solos tropicais possibilitou avaliar a aplicabilidade das metodologias existentes para a definição do perfil estratigráfico e, em especial, para a estimativa de parâmetros geotécnicos de projeto. Os perfis de qc, KD e ED foram normalizados considerando o efeito da sucção nas tensões efetivas, o que possibilitou uma avaliação mais adequada dos perfis de solo estudados. Concluiu-se que para o entendimento do comportamento mecânico desses solos tropicais é necessário compreender a influência da variabilidade sazonal, bem como identificar a presença de microestrutura nos mesmos. O emprego de técnicas híbridas, como o SCPT e o SDMT, em conjunto com perfis de umidade e curvas de retenção de água no solo permitiram uma melhor caracterização dos perfis investigados. / The study of the mechanical behavior of tropical soils is quite often carried out by in-situ tests. In-situ test data allow defining the stratigraphic profile, position of the ground water level and a realistic estimative of the geomaterials parameters, as well as assessing their variability. Tropical soils present a peculiar behavior due to the geological and/or pedological processes inherent to their formation and to its unsaturated condition. For this reason, the Classical Soil Mechanics has limitations to predict such behavior. In this context, this work aims to study the unusual behavior of unsaturated tropical soils with emphasis on the influence of the time-spatial variability in the estimative of geotechnical parameters caused by soil suction. The in-situ tests were the Cone (CPT) and Dilatometer (DMT) together with downhole seismic tests. The experimental research sites are the Unesp-Bauru and USP-São Carlos. CPT, DMT and downhole seismic tests data were reinterpreted for better understanding the time-spatial variability. It was possible to verify that the seasonal variations in the water content profiles, and consequently on the soil suction, caused changes in the in-situ test data. As a result, the seasonal variability should be considered in the interpretation of the in-situ tests carried out in unsaturated tropical soils. Further in-situ test campaigns, always together with water content profiles determination and soil water retention curves, were carried out in both research sites. The interpretation of the tests data considering the influence of the soil suction and cementation effects in tropical soils allows evaluating the applicability of the classical methodologies for the definition of the stratigraphic profile and the estimative of geotechnical parameters. The qc, KD e ED were normalized considering the soil suction influence on the effective stresses. This procedure allowed a proper site characterization of the studied soil profiles. It was concluded that for the understanding of the mechanical behavior of the studied tropical soils it is necessary to figure out the influence of the seasonal variability, as well as identifying the presence of microstructure on these soils. The use of hybrid techniques, such as SCPT and SDMT, together with moisture content profiles and soil water retention curves allowed a better site characterization of the investigated soil profiles.

This thesis investigates the design of complex systems measures against water erosion in cadastral areas Bílov, Butovice, Studénka and Velké Albrechtice. By using erosion and hydrological GIS tools, the area was explored and analyzed and based on these output values the best solution was proposed. To identify areas at risk of erosion and runoff conditions were used a digital elevation model, Wischmeier-Smith equation and model DesQ. At the end was evaluated effectiveness by comparing the results before and after measures.

The main objective of this thesis was to create a model of forward error correction (FEC) system used in ADSL modem, which will be able to check its individual settings using the test methods specified in Recommendation G.996.1. The work is divided into two basic parts – theoretical and practical. The first part describes the basic functional characteristics of ADSL system, with attention being paid to aspects affecting the activity and setting of the error protection system. There are also discussed the theoretical basics of FEC coding techniques used in ADSL. The work also contains a description of the method for testing DSL system resistance against impulsive interference, which is specified in Recommendation G.996.1. The practical part of this thesis contains a description of the proposed model of the FEC system. The model was implemented in the programming environment Matlab Simulink. The proposed model includes the simulation of FEC coding process, DMT modulation and transmission channel with the impulse interference and the background noise. The proposed program is able to calculate parameters for setting FEC system from the specified data transfer rates and the requirement for interleaving. In addition, allows you to set the parameters of transmission line and sources of impulse interference and of the background noise. Under the set of input characteristics of the transmission is calculated bit allocation and the resulting parameters are given to a computational core of the model. In the application can be performed two types of test tasks. The first one is based on the Recommendation G.996.1 and makes it possible to determine probability of errored second. The second test task is for the measurement of resistance of the transmission system against impulsive interference. The results of the simulations are summarized in the conclusion of work.

Die stetige Weiterentwicklung von Mess- und Überwachungstechnik ermöglicht Setzungsprozesse und Gebirgsdeformationen mit zunehmender Genauigkeit in numerischen Modellen abzubilden. Mit Hilfe von Laserscans, durchgeführt sowohl vor als auch während der Bauarbeiten, können genauere numerische Modelle erstellt werden. Die baubegleitende Anpassung der Modellgeometrie ermöglicht zudem eine weitere Nachkalibrierung der Simulationen und erhöht damit die Zuverlässigkeit von Prognoseberechnungen. Die Simulationsergebnisse können fortlaufend mit den ursprünglichen Planungen abgeglichen und somit Ausbauplanungen angepasst und optimiert werden. / The ongoing development of monitoring and surveillance technology enables us to reproduce subsidence and rock mass deformation in numerical models with increasing precision. Laserscans prior to and during the construction work increase the spatial accuracy of numerical models. Adjustments of the model geometry during the construction work allow a recalibration of models and increase the reliability of forecast simulations. Simulation results can be successively compared to construction plans and allow adjustments and optimizations of support designs.

Entre os objetivos da engenharia geotécnica está a busca pelo entendimento e previsão do comportamento mecânico dos solos. Para isso, existem basicamente duas abordagens: ensaios de laboratório ou ensaios de campo. Em cada obra o Engenheiro Geotécnico deve julgar quais são os métodos e procedimentos mais indicados de investigação, que resultarão em parâmetros confiáveis de projeto. Os ensaios de campo foram desenvolvidos baseados nos solos argilosos e arenosos em virtude dos comportamentos distintamente bem definidos, especialmente em termos de drenagem. O mesmo ocorre para o ensaio DMT, cuja execução e interpretação são influenciadas pelo tipo de solo e pelas condições de drenagem. O grande desafio, neste caso, está na interpretação dos ensaios em solos cuja solicitação ocorre sob condição de drenagem parcial, como nos casos de barragens de rejeito de mineração, ou em depósitos naturais de solos siltosos, onde esta condição pode levar a erros de interpretação. No DMT, a ocorrência de drenagem parcial influencia tanto na etapa de cravação da lâmina, quanto na etapa de expansão da membrana. Neste sentido, o foco deste trabalho está no problema da dissipação de poropressão durante a expansão da membrana, apresentando procedimentos especiais para realização do ensaio DMT. Serão apresentados dois métodos de interpretação de resultados, visando compensar os erros de interpretação causados pela dissipação parcial de poropressão: Método de Dissipação Completa e, Método de Dissipação Incompleta. Este trabalho foi desenvolvido baseado na realização de ensaios de campo, com uma campanha executada em solo brasileiro argiloso, que serviu de base à interpretação, sendo complementada por 6 ensaios realizados em diferentes sítios na Itália. Os resultados dos ensaios realizados pelo Método de Dissipação Completa foram interpretados através de duas abordagens: Método da Igualdade (analítico) e Método Simplificado. Enquanto a interpretação do Método de Dissipação Incompleta é permitida apenas através de procedimento simplificado. A análise paramétrica apresentou comportamentos similares entre ambas abordagens, demonstrando que a taxa de dissipação é o fator que mais influencia nos resultados. Ao final, os métodos foram aplicados e validados em diferentes locais, apresentando resultados adequados e compatíveis com o comportamento previamente definido através de outros ensaios. / Among the geotechnical engineering goals are the understanding and prediction of soil behavior. For this, there are basically two approaches: laboratory or in situ tests. In this case, the Geotechnical Engineer must judge the most appropriate investigation methods and procedures that will result in reliable design parameters. In situ tests were developed for clay and sand given to the fact that the behavior of these soils is well-defined and drainage conditions are properly controlled. The DMT is no exception, with test and interpretation methods influenced by the drainage conditions. The challenge resides in the interpretation of tests carried out in soils under partial-drainage conditions, such as tailings dams or natural deposits of silty soils, where partial-drainage conditions are taking place around the DMT blade leading to errors on its interpretation. The partial drainage condition influences both the DMT blade penetration phase and the membrane expansion phase. In this sense, this work focus on the problem of the pore pressure dissipation taking place simultaneously to membrane expansion. A non-standard procedure is proposed to sounding the DMT in silts that include two methods for DMT interpretation in order to compensate the errors caused by the partial pore pressure dissipation: Method of Complete Dissipation Curve and Method of Incomplete Dissipation Curve. This work was developed based on tests carried out in Brazilian clay soils to develop the proposed approach that was validated latter in non-standard tests carried out in different Italian sites. The results of the tests performed by the complete dissipation method were interpreted through two approaches: Equality Method (analytical) and Simplified Method, while the interpretation of the incomplete dissipation method is possible only through simplified procedure. The parametric analysis showed that these approaches yield similar results, demonstrating that the dissipation rate is the most important factor in the analysis. At the end, the methods were applied and validated at different sites, showing results that are compatible to previously defined behavior of the soils.