In this study the relationship between the South African Grade 11 Life Sciences curriculum documents, HIV and AIDS knowledge and behavioural preferences of students was investigated. The Life Sciences curriculum and textbooks used in Grade 11 Life Sciences were analysed to determine the curriculum ideology of the subject and concepts related to HIV and AIDS that are prescribed for teaching with the aim of educating students about HIV and AIDS and promoting safe behaviour. Life Sciences and non-Life Sciences students were compared to determine whether academic HIV and AIDS knowledge taught in Life Sciences was related to functional HIV and AIDS knowledge and behavioural preferences. Findings indicate that Life Sciences does not promote safe behaviour related to HIV and AIDS. Furthermore Life Sciences is knowledge-oriented and integrates HIV and AIDS knowledge as extra content. In addition Life Sciences does not have a clear curriculum ideology for HIV and AIDS education even though it has characteristics of various curriculum ideologies with greater emphasis on the scholar academic ideology. The Life Sciences curriculum makes provisions for the construction and application of HIV and AIDS knowledge, but it does not provide guidance with regards to application of knowledge. Moreover textbooks are not consistent with regard to presentation of content and do not present sufficient content for meaningful application in everyday life. Results also showed that academic HIV and AIDS knowledge improves some students’ knowledge of functional HIV and AIDS knowledge. It was also found that HIV and AIDS knowledge does not significantly correlate with some students’ behaviour presumably because students have difficulty in relating Life Sciences knowledge to real life. Consequently some students do not fully know some HIV and AIDS concepts, and they rely on alternative means to respond to questions for which they do not have the necessary content knowledge. It was also found that some students do not take ownership of social problems related to HIV and AIDS. The researcher believes that there is a need to review HIV and AIDS education in Life Sciences by basing it on a precise curriculum ideology that will ensure that suitable scientific content, which may lead to behaviour transformation, is integrated. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Science, Mathematics and Technology Education / Unrestricted

The purpose of this study was to explore and describe grade 6 learners’ experiences of experiential learning in the context of the TekkiKids Programme. The TekkiKids Programme followed a constructivist approach to learning and emphasis was placed on a learnercentred approach. Documents that were written by a consultant, who was involved with the TekkiKids Program, were selected as data sources. These documents included: A feedback report to the facilitators regarding the sessions; general field notes of the consultant pertaining to observations made during lessons; notes of individual unstructured interviews; a questionnaire that explored learners’ experiences of TekkiKids; and notes of a focus group discussion. A qualitative, documentary research design was implemented, and the documents were analysed according to guidelines pertaining to a process of inductive analysis. This study found that learners experienced experiential learning as a method of instruction to be but only partially supportive and encouraging. They furthermore experienced a need for more structure pertaining to problem-solving. Multicultural differences and group conflict had a negative influence on their learning experiences. Learners experienced cognitive load distribution as positive . English as the language of instruction was experienced as a barrier to learners from other language groups Copyright / Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Educational Psychology / unrestricted

The topic of the diploma thesis is Possibilities of prevention of hearing disorders and defects. The work is focused on describing the current situation in the prevention of hearing disorders and defects. The theoretical part of the work consists of the first four chapters. The first chapter deals with hearing disorders and defects, their classification, diagnosis and etiology. The second chapter focuses on the consequences of hearing impairments and compensatory aids. The third chapter deals with the prevention of hearing disorders and defects, noise and its negative effects on hearing perception, and hearing protection. The fourth chapter presents foreign preventive programs and campaigns, aimed at preventing the occurrence of hearing disorders and defects caused by noise. The empirical part of the work consists of the fifth chapter. The aim of the research is to describe the current situation in the field of prevention of hearing disorders and defects. Using a questionnaire survey, the current state of awareness of adolescents and young adults aged 12-35 about risk factors causing hearing disorders and defects is determined. Furthermore, the opinion of the professional public in the Pardubice Region and the Benešov District on the current state of prevention of hearing disorders and defects is...

The thesis focuses on primary school pupil's assessment in the bilingual program. The research is based on the way that the pupils are being assessed in the program, particularly in the half-year and in the end of the school year. The theoretical part of the thesis refers to the definition of the important terms, which are connected with the assessment and bilingual education. The important terms are for example school assessment, assessment, also its forms, functions and principles. The thesis is focused above all on the term verbal assessment, which is also defined in the theoretical part for example as what is its principle, positive and negative parts or how is the verbal assessment formulated. Last but not least in the thesis is defined the difference between the bilingual education, teaching by CLIL and the selected programme. The practical part was realized as a qualitative research, whose main methods of collecting were interviews and analysis. The interviews were performed at the primary school where the programme operates with three different groups of people who are a part of the programme. These are the Czech teachers, English teacher and pupils. The document analysis of the verbal assessments was realized as its content categorization thanks to the coding, which afterwards led to the...

Cette thèse présente une nouvelle méthodologie pour analyser des réseaux. Nous développons l'intrication d'un réseau multiplex, qui se matérialise sous forme d'une mesure d'intensité et d'homogénéité, et d'une abstraction, le réseau d'interaction des catalyseurs, auxquels sont associés des indices d'intrication. Nous présentons ensuite la mise en place d'outils spécifiques pour l'analyse visuelle des réseaux complexes qui tirent profit de cette méthodologie. Ces outils présente une vue double de deux réseaux,qui inclue une un algorithme de dessin, une interaction associant brossage d'une sélection et de multiples liens pré-attentifs. Nous terminons ce document par la présentation détaillée d'applications dans de multiples domaines. / When it comes to comprehension of complex phenomena, humans need to understand what interactions lie within them.These interactions are often captured with complex networks. However, the interaction pluralism is often shallowed by traditional network models. We propose a new way to look at these phenomena through the lens of multiplex networks, in which catalysts are drivers of the interaction through substrates. To study the entanglement of a multiplex network is to study how edges intertwine, in other words, how catalysts interact. Our entanglement analysis results in a full set of new objects which completes traditional network approaches: the entanglement homogeneity and intensity of the multiplex network, and the catalyst interaction network, with for each catalyst, an entanglement index. These objects are very suitable for embedment in a visual analytics framework, to enable comprehension of a complex structure. We thus propose of visual setting with coordinated multiple views. We take advantage of mental mapping and visual linking to present simultaneous information of a multiplex network at three different levels of abstraction. We complete brushing and linking with a leapfrog interaction that mimics the back-and-forth process involved in users' comprehension. The method is validated and enriched through multiple applications including assessing group cohesion in document collections, and identification of particular associations in social networks.

Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2016-09-12T13:19:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Fernanda dos Santos Cerqueira.pdf: 3002404 bytes, checksum: 83ab6cfee792c4e48e732af6b40373ae (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-12T13:19:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fernanda dos Santos Cerqueira.pdf: 3002404 bytes, checksum: 83ab6cfee792c4e48e732af6b40373ae (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-29 / The present study had the objective of conducting a functional evaluation using different methodologies to identify and describe violent episodes in a municipal school in Goiania, Brazil. This study was divided into three phases: 1) Document Analysis; 2) Questionnaires and 3) Direct Observation. In phase 1, we analyzed the school’s incident book to identify, classify, and describe violent and non-violent behaviors (nondisciplinary), and identified their frequency of occurrence as well as antecedents and consequences. In total, 126 incidents were recorded, 67 of which were considered nonviolent and 69 that were considered violent. Among the violent recorded behaviors, “physical aggression” was the most frequent with 31 occurrences; among nonviolent behaviors, highest occurrence was “not doing homework”, with 20 recorded episodes. The most frequent antecedent was “disagreement with a classmate” (4 incidents) and consequence was “sent to principal’s office” (7 incidents). Questionnaires in phase 2 had the goal of identifying what the school’s students, teachers and staff report about certain aspects of school violence. Fourteen teachers, 15 staff members and 270 students participated in this phase. Results show that most students (93%), teachers (100%) and staff (80 %) have observed some kind of violence at the school. The type of violence most reported by students was “bullying” (68%); teachers and staff reported “verbal aggression” (93% and 67%, respectively). About 50% of students, teachers, and staff reported some violence-related activities in school and stated they felt safe in the school. Regarding interpersonal relationships in the school, teachers have a negative perception in terms of relationship between students (67%), and between teachers and students (44%). In phase 2, we conducted Direct Observations with audiovisual recordings of 6 students and 10 teacher which had the following objectives: producing behavioral categories of teachers and students with appropriate and inappropriate behaviors to verify whether there is a difference between two groups of students in terms of number of appropriate and inappropriate behaviors; identifying whether there is a difference in the types of consequent behavioral categories of teachers in the student-teacher relationship and calculating the frequency of different behavioral categories of teachers that appear as antecedent stimulus and/or context for the categories of appropriate and inappropriate students’ behaviors; and identifying the frequency of different types of teachers’ behavioral categories that occur after students’ behaviors, pointing out the most frequent ones. Concerning inappropriate behaviors, they were more frequent by “problem students” (196), than “well-behaved students” (112). Regarding consequences emitted by teachers, we observed a high rate of “No Consequence" In all three phases of this research, we observed that teachers do not produce consequences for appropriate or inappropriate behaviors emitted by students. Thus, we identified a need for interventions based on data obtained from functional evaluations that may produce effective change on violent behaviors. / Este estudo teve como objetivo realizar avaliação funcional por meio de diferentes metodologias visando identificar e descrever episódios de violência em uma Escola Municipal de Goiânia- GO. O estudo foi divido em três fases: 1) Análise Documental; 2) Aplicação de Questionários e 3) Observação Direta. Na fase 1 o livro de ocorrências foi analisado afim de identificar, classificar e descrever os comportamentos violentos e não violentos (indisciplinares), além de identificar a frequência de ocorrência dos mesmos, e seus antecedentes e consequentes. O total de 136 ocorrências foram registradas sendo 67 episódios considerados não violentos e 69 violentos. Dentre os comportamentos violentos registrados, “agredir fisicamente” obteve maior frequência com 31 ocorrências e entre os comportamentos não violentos a maior ocorrência foi de “não realizar tarefas” com 20 episódios. O antecedente mais frequente foi “desentendimento com o colega” (4 registros), e o consequente foi “encaminhado à coordenação” (7 registros cada). A fase 2 de Aplicação dos Questionários, teve como objetivo identificar o que alunos, professores e funcionários da escola relatam sobre alguns aspectos da violência escolar. Participaram dessa fase 270 alunos, 14 professores e 15 funcionários. Como resultados podemos verificar que a maioria dos alunos (93%), professores (100%) e funcionários (80 %) já observaram algum tipo de violência na escola; o tipo de violência mais relatadas pelos alunos foi o “bullying” (68%), e a “agressão verbal” foi relatada pelos professores (93%) e funcionários (67%). Cerca de 50% dos alunos, professores e funcionários afirmam haver alguma atividade sobre violência na escola e também afirmaram sentirem-se seguros na escola. Sobre as relações interpessoais na escola, os professores percebem-nas como ruins, tanto a relação entre alunos (67%), como a relação entre professores e alunos (44%). Na fase 3 utilizou-se a Observação Direta com gravações áudio visuais de 6 alunos e 10 professores objetivando: elaborar categorias comportamentais dos professores e dos alunos com comportamentos apropriados e inapropriados para verificar se há diferença entre os dois grupos de alunos quanto ao número de comportamentos apropriados e inapropriados, identificar se há diferença nos tipos de categorias comportamentais consequentes dos professores na relação professor aluno e calcular a frequência das diferentes categorias comportamentais dos professores que aparecem como estímulos antecedentes e/ou contexto dado as categorias dos comportamentos apropriados e inapropriados dos alunos, além de identificar a frequência de diferentes tipos de categorias comportamentais dos professores que ocorrem após os comportamentos dos alunos, apontando as mais frequentes. No que se refere aos comportamentos inapropriados, observou-se maior frequência nos alunos problema (196) comparativamente aos alunos comportados (112). Quanto às consequências emitidas pelos professores, observamos grande índice de “Nenhuma Consequência” e o antecedente com maior frequência foi o “Explicar”. O comportamento mais emitido pelos alunos foi a “Interação com o Colega/inapropriada”, e os consequentes emitidos pelos professores foi “Responder” no grupo de alunos comportados e o “Advertir”, no grupo de alunos problema. Nas três fases da pesquisa foi possível observar que os professores para a maioria das ocorrências não liberam consequências dado os comportamentos emitidos pelos alunos, tanto para comportamentos apropriados como inapropriados, identificando assim a necessidade de intervenção que se pautada nos dados obtidos através da avaliação funcional pode produzir mudanças eficazes no comportamento violento.

The diploma thesis deals with Russian language periodic press in the Czech Republic from 1990 to 2016. Based on a quantitative document analysis, the thesis describes changes in number of periodicals, identifies three types of publishers and details the biggest publishing companies. Readers and functions of Russian language periodic press are defined with the help of in-depth interviews with media producers. The thesis is supplemented by a list of Russian language titles published in the Czech Republic in 2018. It also contains a description of producers of this minority language media and their working conditions. The thesis concludes that there is a declining tendency in number of Russian language titles published in the Czech Republic. The age of readers of this type of minority media varies. The audience speak and read in Russian and it is also comfortable for them to read in this language. These printed periodicals provide their readers with civic and cultural explanation and with apolitical information with so called Czech element. These functions enable their readers assimilation into the major society.

Dans cette thèse, nous avons proposé une approche analytique multi-échelle pour le word spotting dans les documents manuscrits. Le modèle proposé fonctionne selon deux niveaux différents. Un module de filtrage global permettant de définir plusieurs zones candidates de la requête dans le document testé. Ensuite, l’échelle de l’observation est modifiée à un niveau inférieur afin d’affiner les résultats et sélectionner uniquement ceux qui sont vraiment pertinents. Cette approche de word spotting est basée sur des familles généralisées de filtres de Haar qui s’adaptent à chaque requête pour procéder au processus de spotting et aussi sur un principe de vote qui permet de choisir l’emplacement spatial où les réponses générées par les filtres sont accumulées. Nous avons en plus proposé une autre approche pour l’extraction de texte du graphique dans les bandes dessinées. Cette approche se base essentiellement sur les caractéristiques pseudo-Haar qui sont générées par l’application des filtres généralisés de Haar sur l’image de bande dessinée. Cette approche est une approche analytique et ne nécessite aucun processus d’extraction ni des bulles ni d’autres composants. / The presented thesis follows two directions. The first one disposes a technique for text and graphic separation in comics. The second one points out a learning free segmentation free word spotting framework based on the query-by-string problem for manuscript documents. The two approaches are based on human perception characteristics. Indeed, they were inspired by several characteristics of human vision such as the Preattentive processing. These characteristics guide us to introduce two multi scale approaches for two different document analysis tasks which are text extraction from comics and word spotting in manuscript document. These two approaches are based on applying generalized Haar-like filters globally on each document image whatever its type. Describing and detailing the use of such features throughout this thesis, we offer the researches of document image analysis field a new line of research that has to be more explored in future. The two approaches are layout segmentation free and the generalized Haar-like filters are applied globally on the image. Moreover, no binarization step of the processed document is done in order to avoid losing data that may influence the accuracy of the two frameworks. Indeed, any learning step is performed. Thus, we avoid the process of extraction features a priori which will be performed automatically, taking into consideration the different characteristics of the documents.

Ce travail s’inscrit dans une tentative de liaison entre la communauté classique de la Vision par ordinateur et la communauté du traitement d’images de documents, analyse être connaissance (DAR). Plus particulièrement, nous abordons la question des détecteurs de points d’intérêts et des descripteurs locaux dans une image. Ceux-ci ayant été conçus pour des images issues du monde réel, ils ne sont pas adaptés aux problématiques issues du document dont les images présentent des caractéristiques visuelles différentes.Notre approche se base sur la résolution du problème de la confusion entre les descripteurs,ceux-ci perdant leur pouvoir discriminant. Notre principale contribution est un algorithme de réduction de la confusion potentiellement présente dans un ensemble de vecteurs caractéristiques d’une même image, ceci par une approche probabiliste en filtrant les vecteurs fortement confusifs. Une telle conception nous permet d’appliquer des algorithmes d’extractions de descripteurs sans avoir à les modifier ce qui constitue une passerelle entre ces deux mondes. / This work tries to establish a bridge between the field of classical computer vision and document analysis and recognition. Specificaly, we tackle the issue of keypoints detection and associated local features computation in the image. These are not suitable for document images since they were designed for real-world images which have different visual characteristic. Our approach is based on resolving the issue of reducing the confusion between feature vectors since they usually lose their discriminant power with document images. Our main contribution is an algorithm reducing the confusion between local features by filtering the ones which present a high confusing risk. We are tackling this by using tools from probability theory. Such a method allows us to apply features extraction algorithms without having to modify them, thus establishing a bridge between these two worlds.

Hensikt: Hensikten meddenne studien var å beskrive hvem som får uttale seg, hvordan uttalelser blir implementert og hvordan folkehelseperspektivet og universell utforming ivaretas i norske offentlige dokumenter, samt å se om demokratiske rettigheter ivaretas. Metode: Det ble anvendt kvalitativ dokumentanalyse med supplerende intervjuer, og nasjonal transportplan 2014 –2023 (NTP) ble benyttet som eksempel.178 dokumenter ble gjennomgått: 175 høringsuttalelser, et dokument med privatpersoners meninger, samt utkast til og vedtatt NTP 2014 –2023. Resultat:175 høringsuttalelser ble mottatt i arbeidet med NTP2014 –2023, men uttalelser fra 18 fylkeskommuner og storbykommunene Oslo, Bergen, Trondheim og Stavanger ble vektlagt mest. Endel uttalelser omhandlet folkehelse, særlig knyttet til økt bruk av gange og sykling. Universell utforming ble ogsånevnt blant innkommende høringsuttalelser, mens folkehelseaspektet generelt ble lite prioritert av mange aktører. Mange høringsuttalelser omhandlet i stedet ønsker om økte økonomiske rammer til anleggsarbeider. Konklusjon: Analysen viste at hensynet til universell utforming ivaretas, men at folkehelseperspektivetog helsefremmende arbeidbør løftes i større grad.Det kan virke som om en del fokuser knyttet til økonomiske hensyn, uten at blikket løftes og det ses fremover på fremtidige innsparinger. Det bør fortsatt arbeides for at så mange som muligfår anledning til å uttale seg i utarbeidelsen av offentlige norske dokumenter slik at demokratiske rettigheter ivaretas. / Aim:This study aimed to describe who is given the opportunity to commenton Norwegian public documents; how comments are implemented; and how theperspective on public health and universal design is maintained. It also aimed to determine whether democraticrights were ensured. Method: Thestudy used qualitative document analysis with supplemental interviews, and Norway’s National Transport Plan 2014 –2023 (NTP) was used as an example. 178 documents were examined: 175 consultative statements, one document containing individualopinions, and the draft and adopted version of NTP 2014 –2023. Results: Among 175 consultative statements received during the preparation of NTP 2014 –2023, consultat ivestatements from 18 County Councils and the municipalities Oslo, Bergen Trondheim and Stavanger received the most emphasis. Some statements addressed public health, especially increased use of walking or bicycling, and many mentioned universal design.The public health aspect in general,was not a priorityamong many actors. Instead, many statements indicated a desirefor increased funding for construction work. Conclusion: The analysis revealed that considerations regarding universal design are maintained, whereas public health and health promotion should receive increased attention. Many comments focused on economic considerations, but none appeared to look ahead and identify potential savings. It is still necessary to ensure that as many as possible are given the opportunity to speak their mind, in order for democratic rights to be maintained / <p>ISBN 978-91-86739-73-7</p>