In this study the relationship between the South African Grade 11 Life Sciences curriculum documents, HIV and AIDS knowledge and behavioural preferences of students was investigated. The Life Sciences curriculum and textbooks used in Grade 11 Life Sciences were analysed to determine the curriculum ideology of the subject and concepts related to HIV and AIDS that are prescribed for teaching with the aim of educating students about HIV and AIDS and promoting safe behaviour. Life Sciences and non-Life Sciences students were compared to determine whether academic HIV and AIDS knowledge taught in Life Sciences was related to functional HIV and AIDS knowledge and behavioural preferences. Findings indicate that Life Sciences does not promote safe behaviour related to HIV and AIDS. Furthermore Life Sciences is knowledge-oriented and integrates HIV and AIDS knowledge as extra content. In addition Life Sciences does not have a clear curriculum ideology for HIV and AIDS education even though it has characteristics of various curriculum ideologies with greater emphasis on the scholar academic ideology. The Life Sciences curriculum makes provisions for the construction and application of HIV and AIDS knowledge, but it does not provide guidance with regards to application of knowledge. Moreover textbooks are not consistent with regard to presentation of content and do not present sufficient content for meaningful application in everyday life. Results also showed that academic HIV and AIDS knowledge improves some students’ knowledge of functional HIV and AIDS knowledge. It was also found that HIV and AIDS knowledge does not significantly correlate with some students’ behaviour presumably because students have difficulty in relating Life Sciences knowledge to real life. Consequently some students do not fully know some HIV and AIDS concepts, and they rely on alternative means to respond to questions for which they do not have the necessary content knowledge. It was also found that some students do not take ownership of social problems related to HIV and AIDS. The researcher believes that there is a need to review HIV and AIDS education in Life Sciences by basing it on a precise curriculum ideology that will ensure that suitable scientific content, which may lead to behaviour transformation, is integrated. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Science, Mathematics and Technology Education / Unrestricted

The purpose of this study is to examine how some teachers reason regarding the IDP in upper secondary school for pupils with intellectual disability. The chosen theory of the study is curriculum theory and the chosen method of the study is qualitative content analysis.   Ten teachers from five upper secondary schools for pupils with intellectual disability in Central Sweden, which both used and did not use IDP as tools in teaching for pupils with intellectual disability have been interviewed. To analyze the interviews, both the inductive approach and the deductive approach have been used.   The results of the study shows that the IDP has many functions in teaching pupils with intellectual disability at upper secondary school. There were mostly advantages that emerged in the teachers' reasoning regarding the use of the IDP in the education of pupils with intellectual disability, although there were also some disadvantages. In those categories where it was possible to study the existence of curriculum ideologies, it was primarily the learner centered ideology as well as social efficiency ideology that were most prominent.   Current research on IDP has been discussed as well as curriculum and syllabus and how they relate to IDP and pupils with intellectual disability.

Denna studies syfte är att beskriva hur lärare i grundsärskolan ser på sitt bedömningsuppdrag isamband med att nya elever tas emot i verksamheten. I grundsärskolan undervisas elever som pågrund av en intellektuell funktionsnedsättning (IF) inte bedöms ha förutsättningar att uppnågrundskolans kunskapskrav. I vår studie använde vi oss av en kvalitativ metod och genomfördeelva kvalitativa intervjuer med lärare i grundsärskolan. Schiros (2013) undervisningsideologiskaperspektiv användes som teoretiskt perspektiv i analysen. Vi har utgått från fyra olikaforskningsfrågor under arbetets gång. Första frågan var vilka strategier lärarna beskriver att deanvänder för att samla information om elever som kommer nya till grundsärskolan. Här visar ettav resultaten att relationsskapande med eleven får gå före kunskapsbedömning när elever kommernya. På frågan om lärarnas syn på bedömningens plats och funktion i verksamheten får vivarierande svar, men gemensamt beskriver de att ett sökande efter elevens förmågor att kunna visakunskaper liknar ett “detektivjobb” (informant L9). Resultat visar också att lärarna ser olika på hurmeningsfullt det är för eleven att själva vara delaktiga i sin egen kunskapsbedömning. Nästaforskningsfråga handlar om vilka utmaningar som framstår i uppdraget att bedöma kunskaper hoselever som kommer nya till grundsärskolan. Här visar resultatet att samtliga lärare uttrycker attelever med IF är svårbedömda eftersom allt beror på elevens förmåga och dagsform. Vår fjärdeforskningsfråga handlar om vilka undervisningsideologier som blir synliga. Här visar resultatet atten elevcentrerad undervisnings ideologi är framträdande i lärarnas svar. Lärarna upplever till vissdel en konflikt i sitt bedömningsuppdrag, främst i relation till tolkningen av styrdokumentensformuleringar. Studiens resultat visade också att lärarna är i behov av att reflektera överbedömnings uppdraget, här får specialläraren en viktig roll som kvalificerad samtalspartner. / The purpose of this study is to describe how teachers in the special school view their assessmentassignments in connection with new pupils starting in school. The special school is a compulsoryschool for children with intellectual disabilities who are not considered to have the prerequisites tomeet the mainstream school’s knowledge requirements. In our study, we used a qualitative methodand conducted eleven qualitative interviews with teachers in special school. Schiro's (2013)Curriculum Ideological perspectives were used as theoretical perspectives in the analysis. We havestarted from four different research questions during the course of the work. The first question waswhat strategies the teachers describe that they use to inform themselves about students who arenew in school. Here, one of the results shows that creating relationships with the student may gobefore During the question how teachers view the significance of assessment for students'knowledge development, results of the study vary, but the common feature is that a search for thestudent's ability to show knowledge is similar to a “detective job” (informant L9). The study showsthat the teachers consider that assessment has a certain importance for the pupil's knowledgedevelopment but especially for the adaptation of the teaching. The results also show that teacherslook at how meaningful it is for the pupil to be involved in their own knowledge assessment. Thenext research question was about the challenges presented in the assignment to assess theknowledge of students who are newly admitted to special school. Here, the result shows that allteachers express that students with intellectual disabilities are difficult to assess because everythingdepends on the student's ability and form overall state. Our fourth resurge questions is about whichCurriculum Ideologies become visible. Here the result shows that a Learner centred Ideology isprominent in the teachers' responses. To some extent, teachers experience a conflict in theirassessment assignments, mainly in relation to the interpretation of the wording of the steeringdocuments. The study's results also showed that the teachers need to reflect on the assessmentassignment, here the special teacher can be ascribed an important role as a qualified interlocutor.