Berlin, Freie Univ., Diss., 2002. / Dateiformat: zip, Dateien im PDF-Format

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2000. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 234-240). Available also in a digital version from Dissertation Abstracts.

Doct. diss.--Göteborg--Göteborgs universitet, 1997. / Résumé. Bibliogr. p. 203-211. Index.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Esta tese procura compreender de que modo a elaboração modernista da colagem e da montagem no romance Manhattan Transfer, de John Dos Passos, expressa e ilumina processos sociais e políticos de seu tempo. Publicada em 1925, essa obra é a primeira a investigar as transformações pelas quais passava Nova York, desde a virada do século XX até o início dos anos 1920, por meio de uma experimentação formal então única na literatura dos Estados Unidos. Além disso, defende-se a especificidade do romance de 1925, o qual não seria apenas uma preparação para a trilogia U.S.A. (1930-1936), mas configuraria um retrato singular do espírito de sua época. A sua forma se revelaria, então, não ruptura, mas continuidade do projeto realista de interpretação da sociedade. Propõe-se igualmente desenvolver uma discussão sobre a complexa interação entre modernismo e cultura periférica no começo dos anos 1920, com base em certa tradição da crítica literária brasileira (da qual os grandes nomes são Antonio Candido e Roberto Schwarz) atenta às relações contraditórias entre o processo de modernização e a forma literária. Nesse sentido, busca-se entender de que maneira a cultura dessa ex-colônia refletiu, pela obra de Dos Passos, sobre a sua própria condição periférica no período em que os Estados Unidos cresciam como potência econômica e militar. Por fim, procura-se mostrar como Manhattan Transfer foi capaz de formular literariamente e tornar visíveis os nexos na época, nada evidentes entre a urbanização de Nova York, a industrialização, a guerra e as novas tendências imperialistas que começavam a despontar. / This thesis looks at how the modernist use of collage and montage in John Dos Passos Manhattan Transfer expresses and sheds light upon the social and political processes of its time. Published in 1925, the book is the first to investigate the transformations undergoing New York from the turn of the 20th Century to the beginning of the 1920s by means of a formal experimentation hitherto unique in the literature of the United States. Moreover, this thesis argues for the specificity of the 1925 novel, which should not simply be understood as groundwork for the U.S.A trilogy (1930-1926), but rather as a singular depiction of the spirit of its time. Its form, accordingly, would prove to be not a break, but rather an unfolding of the realist project of interpretation of society. The complex interaction between modernism and peripheral culture in the early 1920s is likewise addressed here through a discussion based on a certain tradition of Brazilian literary criticism (featuring, among its major authors, Antonio Candido and Roberto Schwarz) particularly attentive to the contradictory relations between the process of modernization and the shifts in literary form. In this regard, the analysis carried out seeks to grasp in what way the culture of this former colony reflected, though the work of Dos Passos, on its own peripheral condition during the period marked by the rise of the United States as an economic and military power. Lastly, this thesis aims to show how Manhattan Transfer was able to formulate literarily and render visible the links far from evident, at the time connecting the urbanization of New York, the process of industrialization and the new imperialist tendencies that were beginning to emerge.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T13:48:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RAFAEL LINO ROSA.pdf: 456495 bytes, checksum: 3f7bb44e27066c0e5e7ce35ffb6b90e5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-31 / This research work consists in a Master s Degree Course dissertation that results from a research effort that lasted for two years, in what there was participation, obsrvation and a trial of comprehension of the object: the Irmandade do Senhor Bom Jesus dos Passos from Cidade de Goiás. This brotherhood has a cultural and creative action, that maintains the tradiont and renews its meaning. This brotherhood is one of the main factors that compounds the identity and subjectivity of the people from Cidade de Goiás. The brotherhood action is about the Quadragesima period, but stays in activity during all the Catholic Year. Its main activity are the festivities of Passos, that has its own structure, aesthetics, music and para-liturgy that focus on following Jesus steps suffering along the Via Crucis, that are performed in three processions. The symbology from the steps of Jesus Christ Passion, the elements from the devotion to these steps and its Lord are images presents in the imaginary from the people of Cidade de Goiás. This research revealed the presence of these symbols on the cultural and social manifestations, literature, visual arts, people speech, their daily inhabits and social life. The mark of religion from its brotherhood is given by its special modus operandi, that goes round this devotion and its special elements: The Brotherhood, the Church and the Saint, that are efficient in fixation of a tradition that marks itself as a culture, because it renews itself and resists against the time, without modifying the devotion. / Este trabalho consiste na dissertação de Mestrado resultante das pesquisas que foram realizadas durante dois anos, participando da Irmandade do Senhor Bom Jesus dos Passos da Cidade de Goiás. A Irmandade dos Passos tem uma ação cultural criativa, que mantém a tradição e a ressignifica, sendo um dos principais fatores que colaboram na formação da identidade e subjetividade dos vilaboenses. A Irmandade dos Passos tem a sua ação focada no Período Quaresmal, mas está ativa e presente em todas as atividades possíveis do calendário católico. Sua principal dentre todas as atividades são as festividades da Semana de Passos, que tem uma estrutura cultural, estética, musical e paralitúrgica próprias, focada nos Passos de Jesus padecente pela Via Crucis, encenados numa série de três procissões. A simbologia dos Passos da Paixão, os elementos da devoção aos Passos e ao seu Senhor são figuras presentes no imaginário vilaboense. A pesquisa revelou a presença desses símbolos nas mais diversas manifestações sociais e culturais, presentes na literatura, artes visuais vilaboenses e, portanto, na fala das pessoas, nos seus hábitos diários e vida social. A marca da religiosidade da Irmandade dos Passos se dá pelo seu modus operandi especial, que gira em torno de uma devoção e seus elementos principais: A Irmandade, a Igreja e o Santo, eficientes na fixação de uma tradição que se marca como cultura, porque se renova e resiste ao tempo, sem modificar a sua devoção.

Les œuvres de John Dos Passos [1896-1970] sont souvent étudiées à l’aune – ou à l’ombre – de son parcours politique. L’enjeu de cette thèse est de revenir sur ce lien entre fiction et politique, en partant non plus des positions politiques de l’auteur mais des œuvres elles-mêmes, pour analyser si et en quoi la fiction peut se faire politique. Des romans de jeunesse aux œuvres de la maturité [notamment Manhattan Transfer et la trilogie U.S.A.], Dos Passos construit sa critique politique, fondée sur la remise en cause du récit linéaire. Il remplace la « destinée manifeste » de l’Amérique par le portrait des « deux nations » qui la composent, et travaille le genre du roman pour le défaire de sa dimension providentielle. En mettant à l’épreuve l’intrigue, le protagoniste et la temporalité, il inscrit cette critique politique au cœur même de l’écriture, et invite à porter un nouveau regard sur les œuvres politiques de l’entre-deux-guerres, et sur les liens entre modernisme et radicalisme, dénoués par la critique de la Guerre Froide. Ses œuvres mettent en scène la difficulté de construire une littérature protestataire dans un pays fondé sur des idéaux démocratiques. Plutôt qu’un perpétuel retour au mythe des origines, cependant, elles mettent en place un véritable dialogue avec les textes fondateurs, dialogue au sein duquel la fiction fait peu à peu émerger, entre les lignes, le non-dit du politique / The novels of John Dos Passos [1896-1970] are often analyzed with reference to his politics. This dissertation aims to recast the link between politics and fiction in his work, starting from the texts themselves rather than from the author’s political pronouncements, to see how fiction itself can become political. Dos Passos’s political criticism built up progressively throughout his career, from his early fiction to the crowning success of U.S.A., and rested on a criticism of linear narrative. He went against America’s “manifest destiny” to portray a divided country, made up of “two nations", and rooted his political criticism within the genre of the novel itself. By undermining the concepts of plot, protagonist and temporality, he created a form of political fiction where politics are an integral part of writing, rather than an imposition upon it. Dos Passos thus invites us to cast a new glance at the interwar period, and at the links – severed by Cold War criticism – between modernism and radicalism. His works bear witness to the difficulty of writing protest in a land of consensus; however, rather than resorting to a tempting return to the myth of origins, they enact a dialogue with the founding texts, through which fiction progressively reveals how the nation’s political – and textual – foundation rests on gaps and omissions

Esta tese procura compreender de que modo a elaboração modernista da colagem e da montagem no romance Manhattan Transfer, de John Dos Passos, expressa e ilumina processos sociais e políticos de seu tempo. Publicada em 1925, essa obra é a primeira a investigar as transformações pelas quais passava Nova York, desde a virada do século XX até o início dos anos 1920, por meio de uma experimentação formal então única na literatura dos Estados Unidos. Além disso, defende-se a especificidade do romance de 1925, o qual não seria apenas uma preparação para a trilogia U.S.A. (1930-1936), mas configuraria um retrato singular do espírito de sua época. A sua forma se revelaria, então, não ruptura, mas continuidade do projeto realista de interpretação da sociedade. Propõe-se igualmente desenvolver uma discussão sobre a complexa interação entre modernismo e cultura periférica no começo dos anos 1920, com base em certa tradição da crítica literária brasileira (da qual os grandes nomes são Antonio Candido e Roberto Schwarz) atenta às relações contraditórias entre o processo de modernização e a forma literária. Nesse sentido, busca-se entender de que maneira a cultura dessa ex-colônia refletiu, pela obra de Dos Passos, sobre a sua própria condição periférica no período em que os Estados Unidos cresciam como potência econômica e militar. Por fim, procura-se mostrar como Manhattan Transfer foi capaz de formular literariamente e tornar visíveis os nexos na época, nada evidentes entre a urbanização de Nova York, a industrialização, a guerra e as novas tendências imperialistas que começavam a despontar. / This thesis looks at how the modernist use of collage and montage in John Dos Passos Manhattan Transfer expresses and sheds light upon the social and political processes of its time. Published in 1925, the book is the first to investigate the transformations undergoing New York from the turn of the 20th Century to the beginning of the 1920s by means of a formal experimentation hitherto unique in the literature of the United States. Moreover, this thesis argues for the specificity of the 1925 novel, which should not simply be understood as groundwork for the U.S.A trilogy (1930-1926), but rather as a singular depiction of the spirit of its time. Its form, accordingly, would prove to be not a break, but rather an unfolding of the realist project of interpretation of society. The complex interaction between modernism and peripheral culture in the early 1920s is likewise addressed here through a discussion based on a certain tradition of Brazilian literary criticism (featuring, among its major authors, Antonio Candido and Roberto Schwarz) particularly attentive to the contradictory relations between the process of modernization and the shifts in literary form. In this regard, the analysis carried out seeks to grasp in what way the culture of this former colony reflected, though the work of Dos Passos, on its own peripheral condition during the period marked by the rise of the United States as an economic and military power. Lastly, this thesis aims to show how Manhattan Transfer was able to formulate literarily and render visible the links far from evident, at the time connecting the urbanization of New York, the process of industrialization and the new imperialist tendencies that were beginning to emerge.

C’est en réinscrivant la notion d’engagement littéraire dans le contexte des années 1930, qui ont vu son émergence et sa mise en pratique, que nous nous proposons de rendre son caractère opérationnel à une expression trop souvent considérée comme contradictoire ou réductrice. Envisagée à travers des textes qui ont précédé la théorisation sartrienne – Le Monde réel d’Aragon, USA de Dos Passos et November 1918 de Döblin –, la notion d’engagement littéraire rend compte d’une écriture littéraire et d’une ambition politique qui ne se conçoivent que dans le rapport simultané de l’une à l’autre. Élaboré comme une réponse en acte à une situation jugée insupportable, le roman engagé des années 1930 apparaît comme le lieu de reconfigurations multiples : reconfiguration du regard porté sur le monde réel, dont le scandale est révélé en plein par la représentation romanesque ; reconfiguration de la langue de la nation et de l’entreprise narrative, redéfinies par opposition aux mésusages et aux manipulations des adversaires, et ainsi rénovées ; reconfiguration d’un espace politique intrinsèquement démocratique, dont la lecture permet l’expérimentation. / By inscribing the notion of literary commitment in the context of the 1930’s, which saw its apparition and its practice, we intend to restore the efficiency of an expression which is too often considered as the difficult conciliation between two areas supposedly antagonistic: politics and literature. Approached through novels which preceded Sartre’s theorization – Aragon’s The Real World, Dos Passos’ USA and Döblin’s November 1918 – the notion of literary commitment accounts for a literary writing and a political ambition which are only conceived in relation with one and another. Written as an answer in action to a situation considered as unbearable, the committed novel of the 1930’s appears as the place where multiple reconfigurations take place: reconfiguration of the perception of the real world, which scandal is revealed by the fictional representation; reconfiguration of the national language and of the narrative process, which are redefined by opposition to the misuses and the manipulations of the opponents; reconfiguration of a political space inherently democratic, experimented in the process of reading itself.

This thesis investigates the rise of aviation and its influence on modernist literature in the first half of the twentieth century, arguing that the emergence of heavier-than-air flight facilitated experimentation and innovation in modernist writing in order to capture the new experience of flight and its impact on the modern world. Previous critical discussions largely focus on militarist and nationalist ideas and beliefs regarding the uses of the aeroplane, and in doing so overlook the diversity of attitudes and approaches towards aviation that had greater influence on modernist thought. Through a historicist reading of a selection of modernist texts, this study extends scholarly debates by linking alternative views of aviation and modernist literary and narrative experimentation. I begin my study by exploring how H.G. Wells's calls for the establishment of a world government (necessitated by the emergence of aviation) led to an increasingly assertive and urgent tone in his later writings. His works serve as a useful starting point to read the more experimental, modernist prose forms that follow in his wake. While Wells's texts were affected on a pragmatic level, those of the modernists were affected in a more imaginative, perceptual, and sensory way, which highlights the deeper extent to which aviation influenced modernist thought. For Virginia Woolf, the all-encompassing aerial view offered a new way of seeing the connections between living things, leading to an expanded narrative scope in her later writings. For William Faulkner, flight as aerial performance and spectacle was a liberating experience and became a metaphor for escape from an increasingly capitalistic and creativity-deprived world. John Dos Passos, in contrast, saw the effects of air travel as harmful to the human senses and perceptions of the world around, leading him to incorporate aspects of flight into his fast-paced, multi-modal narratives in order to convey and critique the disorienting and alienating experience of flight. Collectively, these chapters show that as much as the aeroplane was capable of causing mass destruction, it was also constructive in the way that it enabled these new ways of thinking, and it is this complex and paradoxical nature, this thesis proposes, that makes the aeroplane an important modernist symbol.