In 1999, aged eighteen, I read 'The Brothers Karamazov' by Dostoevsky. I read this novel in Burundi, where I witnessed the suffering of others. The country's basic problem was civil war, which is best described in this terse note: "Rwanda, the sequel. Same story, different location. Nobody cares." The well-publicised problems in Rwanda in 1994 didn't end, they went next-door. The only thing separating the problems of those two countries was the most heavily landmined stretch of road on the planet. It was on this road, which was littered with the remains of vehicles and people, that I experienced the immediacy of 'the problem of evil'.I had hoped that the book I held in my hands on those lifetime-long hours on the road would resonate with my experience. Ivan Karamazov's accusation of the God who creates a world of atrocities seemed fuelled by an unflinching look at senseless, disteleological suffering. I had hoped that Ivan, with his face turned against God, could countenance the horror I saw. Karamazov's stance has been seen as the antithesis of theodicy, which is the attempt to reconcile faith in God with the existence of evil. This antithesis seems to overcome the distance between the experience of real suffering and the account of that suffering given by academic theodicy. Ultimately, however, that distance remains. Dostoevsky's protagonist in his railing against God connects no more with the victims in this world than a writer of theodicy does with her defence of God.

In examining Dostoevsky's treatment of faith in The Brothers Karamazov, critics often focus solely on "The Grand Inquisitor." Dostoevsky, however, refutes the Inquisitor's views through the movement of the three Karamazov brothers toward faith. The three Karamazov brothers, as a collective personality, represent the fundamental needs of man and the corresponding aspects of faith, each brother being an individual study of the necessity of integrating soul, heart and mind into faith. The crises that each brother faces force each one to develop a fuller dimension of faith. The final effect of integrating the soul, heart and mind in faith is active love.

This study provides a detailed analysis of the confession motif in Dostoevsky' s Crime and Punishment. It discusses Dostoevsky's use of the sacramental concept of confession, in which the estranged person is reunited with the human community through contrite confession. Throughout the novel, Raskolnikov wavers between desiring estrangement and seeking union. These two poles are shown in his encounters with Sonya and Porfiry (who represent union) and Luzhin and Svidrigaylov (who represent estrangement). Sonya and Porfiry tell Raskolnikov to confess and accept responsibility for his life; Luzhin and Svidrigaylov show him how to continue passing responsibility to others. This study also demonstrates that the epilogue is not merely a tag, as some Dostoevsky critics have argued. Rather, Raskolnikov' s redemption is the only thematically and psychologically valid conclusion.

A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Arts, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree. of Master of Arts in Russian Studies. Joharmesburq, 1995 / This thesis undertakes to examine the interdependence of ideology and literary scholarship, in particular regarding the legacy of F.M. Dostoevsky, in the Soviet Union; and to investigate the reflection of political and ideological agenda in Soviet literary criticism's interpretations of Dostoevsky's novel, The Devils during the era of glasnost, 1985-1991. I shall isolate, identify and describe the principal, ideological trends reflected in literary critiques and analyses of this novel, published in the Soviet Union during this specific period of time. My thesis will build on and develop previous research conducted around the analysis of Ideological trends in the Soviet Union through a study of literature and official literary criticism. Western commentators, such as B J.Simmons,V. Seduro, and H. Mondry have demonstrated the correlation between. general shifts in Party domestic and international policy and the ideological viewpoints expressed in literature and literary criticism. They have found it to be a valid practice to analyse certain political, social and ideological factors in the Soviet Union through a close study of literature and literary criticism. In continuing this research, I shall demonstrate that Soviet literary criticism during glasnost could still be regarded as a mirror of political and ideological changes in society, and that Soviet criticism's interpretations of Dostoevsky's The Devils could once again be used to help distinguish, delineate and clarify the ideological trends that existed in Soviet Society during this era. I shall begin my analysis with a consideration of the effects of Gorbachev's glasnost reforms on Soviet culture in general, and on literary cd]~'cal practice in particular; and of the role that literary criticism played in Soviet society during this area. I shall then proceed to a brief historical overview of interpretations of The Devils by Russian and Soviet literary critics, from its publication until the eve of the glasnost reforms, This will demonstrate both the manner in which literary criticism has mirrored Ideological trends in the USSR, and the validity of centring my research on this novel. From there, I shall turn to an examination of how interpretations Offered by Soviet literary critics of The Devils, as well as attitudes expressed by them regarding the writer's world outlook, reflected the ideological trends that existed In Soviet society during glasnost. The interpretations to be analysed will be taken from a broad range of Soviet literary periodicals, mono graphs, and discussions, published in the Soviet Union between 1985 and 1992

Ce mémoire de maîtrise vise avant tout à réintégrer Le double de Dostoïevski au sein du corpus fantastique dont l'interprétation critique l'a souvent exclu, préférant souvent le décrire comme un roman social à teneur psychopathologique. Nous établissons d'abord, dans le premier chapitre, une comparaison entre un grand nombre d'études produites sur ce récit, principalement à propos de la psychologie du personnage, du style de l'oeuvre et de son caractère fantastique. Cette approche dialectique met en relief l'absence d'unanimité et même d'impressionnantes dissensions dans l'interprétation, tout en permettant de pointer du doigt les lacunes de chaque analyse: l'ambiguïté de l'oeuvre apparaît alors comme le principal élément pouvant expliquer un si grand nombre d'hypothèses différentes. Dans le second chapitre, nous présentons ensuite les différentes théories du fantastique littéraire, définissant ce dernier par l'effet de lecture déroutant qu'il peut entraîner devant des éléments d'indétermination non résolus dans un texte: l'effet fantastique peut naître chez celui qui accepte de s'abandonner à sa lecture et de prendre plaisir à l'indétermination sans chercher à interpréter trop rapidement lors de son premier contact avec l'oeuvre. Nous relevons comment l'ambiguïté narrative, fréquemment incarnée par une figure de double dans le corpus fantastique, est un procédé stylistique qui facilite l'émergence de cet effet en proposant simultanément deux ou plusieurs hypothèses concurrentes à une même question. Nous étudions enfin dans le troisième chapitre les occurrences d'ambiguïté et d'autres éléments d'indétermination dans Le double, dans une analyse qui demeure très près du texte, pour montrer que ce dernier résiste à l'interprétation et qu'aucune étude ne peut donc prétendre établir sa signification de façon absolue. Une réflexion sur la traduction nous permet de confirmer ces hypothèses en observant comment la lecture du traducteur influence inévitablement le lectorat de la langue de destination: l'ambiguïté est préservée ou non dans l'oeuvre traduite selon la manière dont cet individu réagit à l'indétermination de l'original. Nous croyons fortement que l'analyse d'un récit fantastique, de même que l'élimination des parties trop floues lors d'une traduction, visent avant tout, pour ceux qui les produisent, à mettre fin au sentiment d'étrangeté qu'ils éprouvent devant une oeuvre qui déroute et refuse d'être résolue. Notre mémoire permet donc de conserver, au coeur même de la réflexion critique sur Le double, un discours sur l'émotion susceptible d'être ressentie lors de sa lecture, ce que la réception journalistique et universitaire tend à évacuer. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Ambiguïté, Double, Dostoïevski, Fantastique, Indétermination, Théories de la lecture.

No description available.

Dissertação (mestrado)- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, 2012 / Bibliografia: f. 104-106 / Neste trabalho será analisada a possível relação de parentesco intelectual existente entre Nietzsche e o escritor Fiódor Dostoiévski no que tange à psicologia do ressentimento, a partir do confronto das obras Genealogia da moral de Nietzsche e Memórias do / This paper will analyze the possible relationship between intellectual kinship writer Fyodor Dostoevsky and Nietzsche regarding the psychology of resentment from the confrontation of the works of Nietzsche's Genealogy of Morals and Memories from undergrou

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Letras, Departamento de Teoria Literária e Literaturas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Literatura, 2015. / Submitted by Guimaraes Jacqueline (jacqueline.guimaraes@bce.unb.br) on 2015-11-18T13:41:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_ThaisFigueiredoChaves.pdf: 1201565 bytes, checksum: 59c2c5442d36ae3c800d64183860226d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Patrícia Nunes da Silva(patricia@bce.unb.br) on 2015-12-04T12:51:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_ThaisFigueiredoChaves.pdf: 1201565 bytes, checksum: 59c2c5442d36ae3c800d64183860226d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-04T12:51:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_ThaisFigueiredoChaves.pdf: 1201565 bytes, checksum: 59c2c5442d36ae3c800d64183860226d (MD5) / Após as Reformas Gerais, em 1861, na Rússia, que libertaram os servos e criaram uma atmosfera propícia para o capitalismo, o país se viu em um período de transição. As mudanças sociais geraram uma onda de suicídios. O tema gerou grande preocupação em Fiódor Dostoiévski e foi amplamente abordado pela obra do autor, principalmente no romance Os demônios [1871]. O trabalho se propõe a analisar como a indecidibilidade, o posicionamento diante da existência de Deus, a polifonia interna dos personagens e a estilização da voz narrativa a partir de ângulos dialógicos dos discursos são importantes para a manutenção ou a extinção da vida. Neste sentido, a tanatografia, n’Os demônios de Dostoiévski, habita uma arena discursiva cujo suicídio – estilizado e vivo – literário instaura-se nas relações de alteridade. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT / After the Great Reforms, in 1861, in Rússia, the political event that freed the serfs and originated a propitious atmosphere for capitalism, the country was imersed in a transition period. The social changes created a suicidal wave. The theme was one of Fyodor Dostoevski’s mains concerns and it was broadly discussed in his works, mainly in The Devils [1871]. The present text offers an analysis of how the inability to decide, the failure to position about the question of God’s existence, the internal poliphony of the characters and the estilization of the narrative voices from dialogical angles of the discourse are important for the maintenance or extinction of life. In this sense, the tanatographie, in Dostoevsky’s Demons, inhabits a discursive arena in which literary suicide – stylized and alive – is established in the relations of otherness.

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Letras, Departamento de Teoria Literária e Literaturas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Literatura, 2014. / Submitted by Jaqueline Ferreira de Souza (jaquefs.braz@gmail.com) on 2014-09-19T13:55:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_PriscilaRodriguesVonGlehn.pdf: 2371343 bytes, checksum: 0b8a961dff361fad8faa4e5caa394efe (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Guimaraes Jacqueline(jacqueline.guimaraes@bce.unb.br) on 2014-09-19T15:23:52Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_PriscilaRodriguesVonGlehn.pdf: 2371343 bytes, checksum: 0b8a961dff361fad8faa4e5caa394efe (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-09-19T15:23:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_PriscilaRodriguesVonGlehn.pdf: 2371343 bytes, checksum: 0b8a961dff361fad8faa4e5caa394efe (MD5) / O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar as representações de traços de Cristo em três personagens dostoievskianas – Sônia Marmeládova de Crime e Castigo (1866), o príncipe Míchkin de O Idiota (1868) e de Aliócha Karamázov d'Os Irmãos Karamázov (1880), na tentativa de compreender por que o autor busca aproximar Cristo à imagem e semelhança do homem por meio de personagens que representam uma versão mais humanizada de Cristo. As conclusões deste trabalho mostram que Dostoiévski criou o seu próprio universo religioso essencialmente bíblico e baseado na ética do Sermão da Montanha. Ao buscar a representação do ideal cristão (um homem positivamente belo), que estava na figura do Cristo, ele criou personagens que “inconscientemente” praticam a imitatio christi, ou seja, imitam Cristo em sua pobreza, humilhação, autossacrifício e a compaixão. Esse comportamento se associa a um tipo de kenosis em que o monge imita Cristo e segue literalmente os preceitos dos quatro evangelhos. A partir desses fatos, pode-se inferir uma possível influência do kenoticismo russo no pensamento cristão de Dostoiévski, na criação de suas personagens crísticas, o que pode ser explicado pela forte influência da tradição kenótica no cristianismo russo desde o século XI, com seus primeiros representantes, até meados do século XIX. As aproximações da figura de Cristo à imagem e semelhança do homem talvez se devam à crença de Dostoiévski no Cristo Homem, que se esvaziou de sua divindade para viver na terra como homem e dar o exemplo a ser seguido por toda a humanidade. ___________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT / The aim of this dissertation is to analyze the representation of traits of Christ in three Dostoievskian characters: Sonia Marmeládova, from Crime and Punishment (1866); Prince Myshkin, from The Idiot (1868); and Alyosha Karamazov, from The Brothers Karamazov (1880), in order to understand why the author seeks to bring Christ the image and likeness of man by means of characters who represent a humanized version of Christ. The conclusion shows that Dostoevsky created an essentially biblical and religious universe of his own based on the ethics of the Sermon on the Mountain. In seeking to represent the Christian ideal (a man positively beautiful) as in Christ’s portrait, he created characters who practice a “unconscious” form of imitatio christi, that is, they imitate Christ in his poverty, humiliation, selfsacrifice and compassion. Such behavior is associated with a type of kenosis in which the monk imitates Christ and literally follows the precepts of the four gospels. From these facts, one can infer a possible influence of Russian Kenoticism on Dostoyevsky’s Christian thought in his creation of Christic characters, which can be explained by the strong influence of Kenotic tradition on Russian Christianity since the Eleventh Century, with the first representatives of Russian Kenoticism, until the mid-Nineteenth Century. Approaches to the figure of Christ with the image and likeness of man may be due to Dostoyevsky’s the belief in a humanized Christ, who emptied himself of his divinity to live on Earth as a man, thus setting an example to be followed by the whole mankind.

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Sociais, Departamento de Sociologia, 2009. / Submitted by Allan Wanick Motta (allan_wanick@hotmail.com) on 2010-07-12T18:24:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_GuilhermeAlmeidaBorges.pdf: 589635 bytes, checksum: 9aa4a55bbd0bcb55f9a7b6911243d490 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Lucila Saraiva(lucilasaraiva1@gmail.com) on 2010-07-18T19:57:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_GuilhermeAlmeidaBorges.pdf: 589635 bytes, checksum: 9aa4a55bbd0bcb55f9a7b6911243d490 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2010-07-18T19:57:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_GuilhermeAlmeidaBorges.pdf: 589635 bytes, checksum: 9aa4a55bbd0bcb55f9a7b6911243d490 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / As percepções, valores e representações formuladas sobre a criminalidade urbana e a forma de combatê-la consistem no objeto central da pesquisa empreendida. A categoria central a partir da qual a pesquisa se estruturou é a que aqui se está denominando “Fazer Justiça”. Diz respeito a arranjos discursivos difusos encontrados na população civil que reivindica que, frente à criminalidade, a Justiça seja feita. Esses discursos demonstram a forma como a população interpreta determinados princípios de Justiça frente à realidade na qual vive. Foram pesquisadas pessoas que tiveram contato com o crime violento na condição de vítimas, parentes de vitimas ou testemunhas dos crimes. Por meio do contato com a instituição policial, foram realizadas observações nas delegacias de polícia do Distrito Federal, no intuito de buscar contato com vitimas de crimes violentos e analisar a forma como seus discursos eram gerados e estruturados após o crime ter acontecido. As localidades pesquisadas foram escolhidas a partir de uma categorização das diversas Regiões Administrativas do Distrito Federal de acordo com suas características socioeconômicas. Foram pesquisados o Lago Sul e o Plano Piloto como regiões cuja população possui perfil socioeconômico próximo e poder aquisitivo mais alto e a Ceilândia e o Paranoá foram pesquisadas como áreas representativas das localidades com poder aquisitivo mais baixo do DF. Para a análise dos discursos sobre “Fazer Justiça” foi utilizada a teoria das representações sociais no intuito de buscar o quadro cognitivo e as lógicas que davam subsidio a uma interpretação do crime e das formas de combatê-lo. A análise das Representações Sociais do Crime e do “Fazer Justiça” buscam evidenciar os moldes cognitivos que formam a experiência do crime como uma ordenação dos fatos vividos, de forma que adquiram sentido para a população. O “Fazer Justiça” mais do que uma série de discursos representa uma forma de interpretar a realidade vivida e representar o crime, o criminoso e a criminalidade urbana. _______________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT / The perceptions, values and representations that are constructed about urban criminality and the way to fight against it consist in the main object of this ressearch. The central category from which that research had structured itself is the “Doing Justice”. It refers to a setting of difuse discourses found in civil population that demands Justice to be done in the criminal issues. This discourses demonstrate the way how population interpretates some principle of Justice in the reality they live. The research was made with people who have contact with the crime as victims, victim’s relatives or witnesses of crimes. Through the contact with police authorities, it has been made observations in the police offices of Distrito Federal, with the propose of getting in touch with violent crime victims and analyzing the way the discourses was strutuctured after the crime happened. The places explored was chosen through a categorization of Administrative Regions of Distrito Federal according to its socioeconomic characteristics. Lago Sul and Brasilia was explored as a sample of high income population and Ceilândia and Paranoá was explored as a sample of low income population. The Social Representation Theory had been the base to analyse the “Doing Justice” discourses with the intention of search the cognitive references and the logics that based an interpretation of crime and the ways to fight against it. The Social Representation analysis of Crime and “Doing Justice” discourses evidenciates the cognitive pattern that construct the experience of crime while it put in order the facts in a way it make sense for the population. “Doing Justice” is more than some discourses, it is a way to interpretate crime, the criminal and the urban criminality.