Sales are central to retail companies. One of the main problems for these companies is when products are sold later than expected, causing overstock due to lower inventory turnover, which increases inventory levels. Therefore, for many retailers, it is important to solve this problem. This is mostly applicable to companies engaged in sales; however, if we take into account the main supplier and the way they act within the supply chain, we must also consider an additional approach. Since online sales are a major innovation brought about by the new digital era, it is standard for sales strategies to focus on this new requirement of customers. In this way, the main supplier takes a leap forward on Internet sales, creating another sales channel. This is when companies under the supply chain start losing sales. According to the above, a dual supply chain model was suggested using the SCOR model and drop shipping. After the improvement proposal was implemented, the company reported a reduction of approximately S/13,000 when comparing the first quarter of 2018 to that of 2019.

The future of fuels will most probably be a mixture of different fuels, called drop-in fuels. It is already known that these drop-in fuels will lead to solubility issues, with creation of deposit on crucial fuel system parts, due to the formation of soft particles. The fuel system of the future should be robust against any type of soft particles. Today, there is no scaled up test fluid existing for testing full scale fuel systems. The objective of this thesis was to develop a scaled up test fluid which is a key element to the development of a test method to enhance the fuel system robustness against soft particles. A test fluid was achieved by a concentrate of calcium soap diluted two thousand times to reach a volume of 1000 litres with a concentration of 1,4 ppm. The concentration was measured by gas chromatography mass spectroscopy method following a derivatisation as sample preparation. The formation of the concentrate was established by changing the type of fuel, the level of aging, the amount of calcium and other counterions and eventually by addition of third elements. The concentrate was made of aged B100, calcium oxide powder and water. The test fluid was made by diluting the concentrate with fresh B7 and a protocol to characterise the stability of this test fluid was developed. This test fluid was tested under real condition in a filter rig giving homogeneous concentration all along the experiment, which confirmed the stability of the test fluid.

Purpose: Adolescents have significantly higher rates of diagnosed anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries compared to adult cohorts. Approximately two-thirds of ACL injuries are non-contact scenarios that occur while performing “high-risk” maneuvers. Less than 50% of adolescents are able to return-to-activity, with females specifically having a lower activity level post-injury (Hewett, Di Stasi, & Myer, 2013; Schmale, Kweon, Larson, & Bompadre, 2014). Identifying the quantitative demand of a task used to assess return-to-activity will help establish its role in evaluating the knee stabilization strategies based on muscular coactivations and biomechanical outputs. Therefore, the aim of this study was to (1) assess the neuromuscular and biomechanical quantitative outputs of the lunge and drop-vertical jump (DVJ) in healthy adolescent male and females athletes and (2) to examine the muscular coactivation strategies of adolescent male and female athletes with and without an ACL injury. Methods: A total of 68 uninjured adolescent male and female athletes between the ages of 10 to-18 were used to identify the quantitative demand of the lunge and DVJ. Neuromuscular and biomechanical quantitative outputs included mean peak knee flexion (PKF), integrated knee excursion (iKEXC) in the sagittal and frontal planes, integrated knee joint power (iJP), and integrated electromyography (EMG) were used to assess the within (task) and between (sex) interactions. An additional 17 male and 37 female adolescents with an ACL injury were included to assess the impact of an ACL injury on the knee stabilization strategies (coactivations) used to maintain dynamic knee joint stability (frontal plane knee excursion). Ethics was approved by the University of Ottawa Research Ethics Board (uOttawa REB H09/17/10) (CHEO REB 17/74X). Results: Quantitative data for uninjured groups indicated that the lunge produced greater peak knee flexion, knee excursion, and quadriceps activation values than the DVJ. Conversely, the DVJ produced greater joint power, biceps femoris, gastrocnemii, and gluteus medius values. As for knee stabilization strategies, during the DVJ female ACL injured groups produced greater symmetry and higher muscular activations between anterior-posterior and medial-lateral muscular coactivations, which resulted in increased stability compared to uninjured female groups. Males with an ACL injury indicated similar knee stabilization strategies however decreased stability compared to males without an ACL injury. Conclusion: Results of this thesis identified differences in quantitative data between the lunge and DVJ, indicating differing demand requirements for each task. Results of the second study indicate that uninjured females use knee stabilization strategies that do not restrict their degrees of freedom through asymmetrical coactivations, while females with an ACL injury have increased coactivations in both anterior-posterior and medial-lateral muscle groups, resulting in increased dynamic knee joint stability as evidenced by reduced frontal plane knee excursion motion. Males, however, failed to show a difference between groups in dynamic knee stability, suggesting that those with an ACL injury compensated in a way to perform the DVJ efficiently and similarly to the uninjured group, while maintaining dynamic knee joint stability. In a clinical setting, these findings may help in understanding the direction of use of the lunge and DVJ tasks in a rehabilitation setting. As well as provide insight into the differing male and female adolescent knee stabilization strategies used to maintain dynamic knee joint stability during functional tasks.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of unilateral and bilateral plyometric exercise on peak power and jumping performance during different stages of a 12-week training and detraining in women. Forty-nine untrained but physically active female college students were randomly assigned to 1 of × groups: unilateral plyometric group (n = 16), bilateral plyometric group (BLE; n = 18), and a control group (n = 15). Peak power and jumping ability were assessed by means of the alternate leg tests (10-second Wingate test and 5 alternate leg bounds), bilateral leg test (countermovement jump [CMJ]) and unilateral leg test (unilateral CMJ). Performance indicators were measured pretraining, midtraining, posttraining, and detraining. Differences between dependent variables were assessed with a × × 4 (group × time) repeated analysis of variance with Tukey's post hoc test applied where appropriate. Effect size was calculated to determine the magnitude of significant differences between the researched parameters. Only the unilateral plyometric training produced significant (p < 0.05) improvement in all tests from pretraining to midtraining, but there was no significant (p < 0.05) increase in performance indicators from midtraining to posttraining. The BLE group significantly (p < 0.05) improved in all tests from pretraining to posttraining and did not significantly (p > 0.05) decrease power and jumping ability in all tests during detraining. These results suggest that unilateral plyometric exercises produce power and jumping performance during a shorter period when compared to bilateral plyometric exercises but achieved performance gains last longer after bilateral plyometric training. Practitioners should consider the inclusion of both unilateral and bilateral modes of plyometric exercise to elicit rapid improvements and guard against detraining.

Drop impacts are present in our everyday lives, from showering and washing the dishes to inkjet printing and many industrial processes, such as spray coatings and spray cooling. In many of these applications it may be undesirable to have air entrained within the drop when it impacts a surface. As a drop approaches a surface, the gas beneath the drop is unable to fully escape resulting in a rising pressure which becomes sufficient to form a dimple in the bottom center of the drop. Therefore, when the drop makes contact with the surface, it is around the perimeter of this dimple, thus entrapping a disc of air which contracts into a minute bubble. In this dissertation, we study the very early time dynamics of the formation of the central air disc under a variety of circumstances using ultra-high-speed interferometry at rates up to 5 million frames per second. We show the effects of the liquid viscosity for viscosities spanning 7 orders of magnitude, for impacts of drops onto solid surfaces or a film of the same liquid. We find that the size of the air disc is weakly dependent on the drop viscosity to the -1/9 power. We also explore the extended gliding of the drop on a less than 160 nm thick film of air. For impacts onto a solid surface, this gliding layer is rupture in multiple random locations and each localized contact wets the surface at extreme rates compared with the expected viscous-capillary velocity. For impacts onto liquid films, the localized contacts are rarely observed and the gliding layer ruptures at a uniform location. The central bubble contracts much faster than expected in this case as well. Furthermore, we study the effects of reducing the ambient air pressure discovering a compressible and rarified-gas regime wherein the drop makes a double contact with the surface. Lastly, we study the effects of nano-scale surface roughness on the central bubble and the formation of thick bands of microbubbles around the periphery of the air disc.

This study of approximately 50 early school drop-outs is an effort to find out why so many boys and firls leave school before they complete their high school course. We need to know the basic reason that prompt their decisions, not the superficial excuses that appear on many school records. The study was undertaken in the belief that when the causes are understood, they can be remedied through measures to provide adequate programs of student aid. If it is because of lack of interest in school, this, too, can be remedied through changes in school programs to make them mean more to more students. A country which has developed its industrial production and its scientific research to heights that would have seemd incredible 25 years ago, surely has the resrouces and the vision to create educational programs which will meet the varied needs, aptituteds, and interests of its many millions of children and young people. A democracy cannot be content with its public education system until all its children enter high school and until the number who graduate from high school approaches 100 per cent of those who enter.

Dans la galvanisation à chaud, les aciers sont protégés contre la corrosion par une mince couche de zinc obtenue par immersion dans un bain d’alliage de zinc. Avant ce processus, les tôles d'acier subissent un recuit de recristallisation afin d'éliminer l’écrouissage après laminage à froid. Les conditions de recuit utilisées réduisent le film d'oxyde de fer natif, ce qui favorise la mouillabilité de la surface de l'acier par le zinc liquide. Cependant, les nouveaux aciers à haute résistance contiennent des quantités importantes d'éléments d’addition, tels que le silicium et le manganèse. Ces élements diffusent à la surface de l'acier pendant le recuit de recristallisation et forment des particules ou des films d'oxyde par oxydation sélective externe. Si le fer pur est bien mouillé par le zinc liquide, ces oxydes ne le sont pas et leur présence à la surface peut entraîner des défauts dans le revêtement final.Pour étudier l'influence de la taille et de la distribution des oxydes sur le mouillage par le métal liquide, nous avons étudié un mouillage non réactif du plomb liquide sur une surface hétérogène texturée Fe / silice en utilisant la technique de chute de goutte.Ces surfaces ont été conçues par dépôt chimique en phase vapeur assisté par plasma, suivi d'un procédé photolithographique.Après l'impact, la goutte s'étend jusqu'à son diamètre d'étalement maximal. S’ensuit une phase de recule de la goutte. Pendant son recul, la goutte est plus ou moins retenue, en fonction du taux de couverture de silice, sur le fer pur: phénomène d’accrochage-glissement. Sur les surfaces à faible teneur en silice, ce phénomène entraîne une déformation de la forme de la goutte qui est plus allongée dans un sens et quelquefois à la division de la goutte.Il a été démontré que le mouillage est affecté principalement par la fraction de surface de la silice.Enfin, nous avons modélisé les différentes phases de l'étalement de la goutte sur ces surfaces hétérogènes. Des modèles de littérature ont été revus et adaptés et nous avons proposé des modèles macroscopiques de l'oscillation de la goutte pendant son étalement. / In hot-dip galvanizing, steel sheets are protected against corrosion by a thin layer of zinc obtained by immersion in a zinc alloy bath. Before this process, the steel sheets undergo recrystallization annealing to eliminate stresses after cold-rolling. The annealing conditions used reduce the native iron oxide film, which promotes the wettability of the steel surface with liquid zinc. However, new high-strength steels contain significant quantities of addition elements, such as silicon and manganese. These elements diffuse on the surface of the steel sheets during recrystallization annealing and form oxide particles or films by selective external oxidation. If pure iron is well wet with liquid zinc, these oxides are not and their presence on the surface can lead to defects in the final coating.To study the influence of oxide size and their distribution on liquid metal wetting, we studied a non-reactive wetting of liquid lead on a heterogeneous Fe / silica textured surface using the dispensed technique.These surfaces were designed by plasma-assisted chemical vapour deposition followed by a photolithographic process.After impact, the drop extends to its maximum spreading diameter. This is followed by a phase of drop receding. During this, the drop is more or less retained, depending on the silica coverage rate, on the pure iron: stick-slip motion. On surfaces with low silica content, this phenomenon causes a deformation of the drop shape which is more elongated in one direction and sometimes at the division of the drop.We showed that wetting is mainly affected by the surface fraction of silica.Finally, we modelled the different phases of drop spreading on these heterogeneous surfaces. Literature models were reviewed and adapted and macroscopic models of the oscillation of the drop during its spreading were proposed.

Background: The prevalence of substance use in the general population is commonly mapped, as is the issue of substance prevalence among drug users themselves. There is no official research in the Czech Republic that deals with the prevalence of substance use among workers in addictology services. Objectives: The aim of the research is to map the prevalence of the use of legal and illegal addictive substances in a selected research population. The results of the mapping will show which addictive substances are most frequently used by members of the research population, which substances have the highest lifetime prevalence and which substances are not very popular in this population. Methods: The basic orientation of the empirical survey was quantitative. Data were obtained through an online questionnaire survey. Out of the total number of 589 employees, 41.9% of employees of outpatient or low-threshold addictology services participated in the research, ie 247 respondents. The research was carried out in the period from March 28, 2021 to April 17, 2021. Results: The prevalence of experience with legal and illegal addictive substances, both living, in the last 12 months or in the last 30 days is significantly higher for workers in drp-in centres and outpatient addictology services in the Czech...

This master thesis is engaged in analyzing working desktop accessible from internet by web browser. It describes technologies required for building web interfaces such as DOM, document event model and AJAX. This master thesis contains also design of working desktop prototype. The desktop is implemented as web application based on client-server architecture. The client part of application represents web interface for managing document links placed on desktop. The desktop content is classified by panels and tabs. User can change link arrangement using drag & drop. Server part of application guarantees persistence of desktop configuration and making link offer. Working desktop prototype is implemented by Javascript library Dojo.

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