Drug trafficking is popularly associated with high-levels of violence; however, this relationship does not hold across all cases. This dissertation asks: why do traffickers sometimes decide to use violence, but other times demonstrate restraint? Building on recent work on criminal politics and patterns of drug violence, this dissertation explores how criminal organizations’ choices of strategy impacts drug-related violence in the areas where they operate. I specifically focus on a certain type of trafficker that has received less attention in the academic literature to-date: Central American transportistas. I argue that politics and institutions incentivize drug traffickers to use different strategies in different locations. Specifically, traffickers’ strategies are determined first by whether or not the country where they are operating has institutionalized corruption. In countries where there is institutionalized corruption, the centralization of political power and electoral competition are important in determining whether traffickers will pursue collusion strategies or attempt to co-opt politics. In the absence of institutionalized corruption, I argue traffickers are left with evasion as their only means of operation. These strategies lead to different levels of narco-related violence: collusion results in the lowest levels of violence, evasion yields moderate levels of violence, and co-optation produces the highest levels of violence. In addition, I explore how traffickers’ relationships to communities at the local level further impacts their modus operandi and levels of violence. I show how narcos have assumed roles traditionally associated with the state and gained support and legitimacy within some communities in Central America. I argue that support for illicit economies occurs when (1) traffickers are operating in their own communities, (2) in rural spaces, (3) in highly marginalized areas, and (4) are not reliant on evasive strategies. Communities where narcos have greater levels of support experience lower levels of violence, all else being equal. Moreover, narcos’ strategies vis-à-vis both states and communities have implications not just for the overall level of violence, but also for the visibility, geography, and nature of the violence. I explore this theory with comparative ethnographic methods, drawing on over two years of fieldwork in several drug trafficking hubs along the Caribbean coast of Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica. During this time, I conducted participant observation and spoke with over 200 individuals, including politicians, residents, police, drug dealers, and both former and current traffickers ranging from low to relatively high-level. Ultimately, there are policy lessons evident in the differences in violence related to narco strategies vis-à-vis both states and communities. Illicit economies do not have to be violent. Policy priorities should shift away from intercepting drug shipments and arresting transportistas and instead focus on limiting violence related to the drug trade. / 2028-02-29T00:00:00Z

No / This scholarly examination of the worldwide web of narcotics today provides students, social workers, health providers, law enforcement officers and policy makers with an up-to-date, overall exploration of the world of drugs. Vast resources are pumped into the 'war on drugs'. But in practice, prohibition has failed. Narcotics use continues to rise, while technology and globalisation have made a whole new range of drugs available to a vast consumer market. Where wealth and demand exist, supply continues to follow. Prohibition has failed to stem consumption and production, criminalised social groups, impeded research into alternative medicine and disease, promoted violence and gang warfare, and impacted negatively on the environment. The alternative is a humane policy framework that recognizes the incentives to produce, traffic and consume narcotics.

Over the summer, I had the opportunity to volunteer for a non-profit organization in California called CHIRLA (Coalition for Human Immigrant Rights of Los Angeles). My involvement with this organization has opened my eyes to the reality of the current immigration problem between the United States and Mexico. So much disparity is evident along the border. On one side stands the United States- a hegemonic country that encompasses a stable economy, well-built infrastructures, and political clout. On the southern side of the border stands Mexico- a country that has suffered from the lack of development and years of economic crisis. How can two countries, separated by only a border, be so different in their political, social, and economical features? This question has ignited my interest in researching the relations between Mexico and the United States, as their close geographical relationship has significant implications on their economic, political, and social settings. Recent concerns about U.S.-Mexico relations have escalated, as the issue of illegal immigration has made its way to the priority list of both Mexican and American political leaders. Never before has the concern to end drug trafficking and to decrease the number of illegal immigrants seemed to have been so publicly scrutinized. The international community has also been giving more attention to violation of human rights in developing countries, specifically in the labor sector. Relations between the United States and its close neighbor, Mexico, will continue to exist and deeply impact both countries and their populations. Policy choices and economic decisions will be affected, as well as people's lives--creating a sensitive environment that may be vulnerable to conflict. However, it is undeniable that the United States needs Mexico as much as Mexico needs the United States. U.S.-Mexico relations will only continue to be affected by illegal immigration, human rights violations, and drug trafficking. The time is now to strengthen our relations with our neighbor in order to build a unified force against the dangers lurking on both sides of the border. The U.S.-Mexico border covers 2,000 miles, encompassing four American and six Mexican states. Over the years, the relationship between the two countries has become one of strong interdependence. My thesis will explore the deep connections between the economies and societies of the United States and Mexico. Regardless of the disagreements and challenges they encountered, the U.S. and Mexico indeed share a history. This history connects both nations, inevitably making one dependent on the other. The United States heavily relies on other countries for resources, especially from its neighboring country. However, the dependence of Mexico on the United States is much higher. The United States, being a world power, undoubtedly has an economic advantage over Mexico, a country that continues to suffer from domestic political and economic problems. My thesis will introduce the current political, social, and economical state of Mexico and how it is being affected by its relationship with the United States. My. argument is that even though Mexico continues to demonstrate cooperation at the border, problems with income inequality, illegal immigration, illegal drugs, and human rights violations will still remain a crucial setback in the relationship between United States and Mexico.

O que torna possível que narrativas policiais sobre flagrantes de tráfico de drogas sejam recepcionadas como verdade pelos operadores do direito, sobretudo juízes? Qual verdade jurídica é construída quando a testemunha consiste no próprio policial que efetuou o flagrante? Para responder a essas questões, o estudo apresenta análises dos autos e processos judiciais, de entrevistas com policiais e operadores do direito e dos registros de campo de audiências de custódia, e de instrução e julgamento acompanhadas por observação direta. A variedade de fontes de dados exigiu o uso de multimétodos, tendo como ponto central a análise de fluxo do sistema de justiça criminal. Constatou-se que a verdade policial, descrita nos autos, resulta de um processo de seleção daquilo que os policiais do flagrante vão considerar adequado tornar oficial. Para descreverem essas prisões, os policiais dispõem de expressões, linguagens e categorias, utilizadas em suas narrativas. Esse vocabulário policial justifica a abordagem e a prisão, e passa a fazer parte do campo do direito, incorporado em manifestações e decisões judiciais. Mas o que torna isto possível? Inicialmente, parecia que a questão da fé pública era a justificativa central para a acolhida da verdade policial. Contudo, descobriu-se que um repertório de crenças oferece o suporte de veracidade às narrativas policiais: a crença na função policial, acredita-se no agente por representar uma instituição do estado; crença no saber policial, acredita-se que os agentes apresentam suas técnicas, habilidades e estratégias para efetuarem as prisões; crença na conduta do policial, acredita-se que policiais atuam de acordo com a legalidade; crença de que o acusado vai mentir, acredita-se que os acusados têm o direito de mentir para se defenderem; crença de que existe uma relação entre criminalidade e perfil socioeconômico; crença de que os juízes têm o papel de defender a sociedade e a prisão representa um meio de dar visibilidade a isto. A crença é apresentada por promotores e juízes como necessária para o próprio funcionamento do sistema de justiça. A crença dispensa o conhecer, não se questiona a forma como as informações foram produzidas e adquiridas pelos policiais. Práticas de violência, tortura ou ameaça não são averiguadas. Como não consideram verdadeiras as narrativas das pessoas presas, sobretudo aquelas acusadas por tráfico de drogas, expressões como violência policial, extorsão, flagrante forjado não aparecem nas deliberações de promotores e juízes. A crença é central para o exercício do poder de prender e punir dos juízes. A verdade policial é uma verdade que vale para o direito, possui uma utilidade necessária para o funcionamento do sistema, para que os juízes exerçam seu poder de punir, sendo o elemento central para a constituição da verdade jurídica. / What makes it possible for police narratives about drug trafficking flagrants to be received as truth by jurists and civil servants, especially judges? What kind of legal truth is built when the witness is the officer himself who made the flagrant? In order to answer these questions, this study presents analyses of court proceedings, interviews with police officers, judges, prosecutors and defenders, field notes and direct observation of hearings of custody, instruction and judgment. The variety of data sources required the use of multimethod, with the central point the criminal justice system flow analysis. It was found that the police truth is the result of a selection process of what the police officer will consider appropriate to register and make official. In order to describe these arrests, the policemen make use of expressions, categories and language patterns to narrate their actions. This police vocabulary justifies the approach and imprisonment, and it becomes part of the law field. But what makes this possible? Initially, the issue of public faith seemed central to explain the acceptance of the police truth. However, we discovered that a repertoire of beliefs offers the support for police narratives: the belief in the police as part of the state, people believe in the policemen because he or she represents an institution of the state; belief in the police knowledge, it is believed the agents present their techniques, skills and strategies in order to make arrests; belief in the conduct of the police, it is believed that police officers work within the law; belief that the accused will lie to defend him or herself; belief that there is a relationship between crime and socio-economic profile; belief that judges have the role of defending society and the imprisonment is a way to give visibility to this. Beliefs such as these are present in the discourses of prosecutors and judges as being central to the proper functioning of the justice system. Believing dismisses knowing, there is no questioning on how the information is produced and acquired by police. Practices of violence, torture and threats are not investigated. As prosecutors and judges do not consider true the narratives of people arrested, especially those charged with drug trafficking, expressions such as police violence, extortion, forged flagrant do not appear in the deliberations of prosecutors and judges. Beliefs are central to the exercise of the power to arrest and punish of judges. The police truth is a truth that has a necessary value for the operation of the legal system. In order for judges to exercise their power to punish, a police truth is the central element for the establishment of a legal truth.

O que torna possível que narrativas policiais sobre flagrantes de tráfico de drogas sejam recepcionadas como verdade pelos operadores do direito, sobretudo juízes? Qual verdade jurídica é construída quando a testemunha consiste no próprio policial que efetuou o flagrante? Para responder a essas questões, o estudo apresenta análises dos autos e processos judiciais, de entrevistas com policiais e operadores do direito e dos registros de campo de audiências de custódia, e de instrução e julgamento acompanhadas por observação direta. A variedade de fontes de dados exigiu o uso de multimétodos, tendo como ponto central a análise de fluxo do sistema de justiça criminal. Constatou-se que a verdade policial, descrita nos autos, resulta de um processo de seleção daquilo que os policiais do flagrante vão considerar adequado tornar oficial. Para descreverem essas prisões, os policiais dispõem de expressões, linguagens e categorias, utilizadas em suas narrativas. Esse vocabulário policial justifica a abordagem e a prisão, e passa a fazer parte do campo do direito, incorporado em manifestações e decisões judiciais. Mas o que torna isto possível? Inicialmente, parecia que a questão da fé pública era a justificativa central para a acolhida da verdade policial. Contudo, descobriu-se que um repertório de crenças oferece o suporte de veracidade às narrativas policiais: a crença na função policial, acredita-se no agente por representar uma instituição do estado; crença no saber policial, acredita-se que os agentes apresentam suas técnicas, habilidades e estratégias para efetuarem as prisões; crença na conduta do policial, acredita-se que policiais atuam de acordo com a legalidade; crença de que o acusado vai mentir, acredita-se que os acusados têm o direito de mentir para se defenderem; crença de que existe uma relação entre criminalidade e perfil socioeconômico; crença de que os juízes têm o papel de defender a sociedade e a prisão representa um meio de dar visibilidade a isto. A crença é apresentada por promotores e juízes como necessária para o próprio funcionamento do sistema de justiça. A crença dispensa o conhecer, não se questiona a forma como as informações foram produzidas e adquiridas pelos policiais. Práticas de violência, tortura ou ameaça não são averiguadas. Como não consideram verdadeiras as narrativas das pessoas presas, sobretudo aquelas acusadas por tráfico de drogas, expressões como violência policial, extorsão, flagrante forjado não aparecem nas deliberações de promotores e juízes. A crença é central para o exercício do poder de prender e punir dos juízes. A verdade policial é uma verdade que vale para o direito, possui uma utilidade necessária para o funcionamento do sistema, para que os juízes exerçam seu poder de punir, sendo o elemento central para a constituição da verdade jurídica. / What makes it possible for police narratives about drug trafficking flagrants to be received as truth by jurists and civil servants, especially judges? What kind of legal truth is built when the witness is the officer himself who made the flagrant? In order to answer these questions, this study presents analyses of court proceedings, interviews with police officers, judges, prosecutors and defenders, field notes and direct observation of hearings of custody, instruction and judgment. The variety of data sources required the use of multimethod, with the central point the criminal justice system flow analysis. It was found that the police truth is the result of a selection process of what the police officer will consider appropriate to register and make official. In order to describe these arrests, the policemen make use of expressions, categories and language patterns to narrate their actions. This police vocabulary justifies the approach and imprisonment, and it becomes part of the law field. But what makes this possible? Initially, the issue of public faith seemed central to explain the acceptance of the police truth. However, we discovered that a repertoire of beliefs offers the support for police narratives: the belief in the police as part of the state, people believe in the policemen because he or she represents an institution of the state; belief in the police knowledge, it is believed the agents present their techniques, skills and strategies in order to make arrests; belief in the conduct of the police, it is believed that police officers work within the law; belief that the accused will lie to defend him or herself; belief that there is a relationship between crime and socio-economic profile; belief that judges have the role of defending society and the imprisonment is a way to give visibility to this. Beliefs such as these are present in the discourses of prosecutors and judges as being central to the proper functioning of the justice system. Believing dismisses knowing, there is no questioning on how the information is produced and acquired by police. Practices of violence, torture and threats are not investigated. As prosecutors and judges do not consider true the narratives of people arrested, especially those charged with drug trafficking, expressions such as police violence, extortion, forged flagrant do not appear in the deliberations of prosecutors and judges. Beliefs are central to the exercise of the power to arrest and punish of judges. The police truth is a truth that has a necessary value for the operation of the legal system. In order for judges to exercise their power to punish, a police truth is the central element for the establishment of a legal truth.

No description available.

A presente dissertação de mestrado verificou empiricamente a influência do tráfico de entorpecentes nos delitos de homicídio e roubo em 32 metrópoles da América Latina, por meio da análise dos delitos reportados por jornais diários dessas cidades nos anos de 2006 e 2011. O objetivo deste estudo foi mensurar o impacto em nível continental do comércio ilegal de drogas na prevalência de outros delitos, levando em consideração outras variáveis contextuais. A partir do entendimento de que a criminalidade urbana possui forte componente endógeno de organização, a hipótese central foi a de que o narcotráfico foi o principal impulsionador do surto de violência vivenciado nesta região do planeta. Para medir o peso desta atividade ilegal sobre outros crimes, empregou-se a metodologia quantitativa. Por meio de análises estatísticas multivariadas, as taxas de homicídio e roubo foram analisadas levando-se em consideração variáveis endógenas, como o tráfico, e variáveis de controle, de caráter exógeno à criminalidade. Os achados sociológicos demonstraram uma influência expressiva do narcotráfico na dinâmica dos dois crimes. No caso dos roubos, a relação detectada entre as taxas (criadas a partir dos delitos reportados) foi positiva e forte nos dois períodos pesquisados. Os homicídios, todavia, foram influenciados pelo comércio ilegal de drogas apenas no primeiro recorte temporal. No segundo momento pesquisado, são os roubos, influenciados pelo tráfico, que passam a impactar na prevalência de assassinatos em nível continental. / This dissertation presents an empirical verification of the influence of narcotics trafficking in the crimes of murder and robbery in 32 cities in Latin America, through the analysis of crimes reported by newspapers of those cities in the years 2006 and 2011. The aim of this study was to measure the impact at a continental level of illegal drug trade in prevalence to other crimes, taking also into account contextual variables. From the understanding that urban crime has a strong endogenous organizational component, the central hypothesis was that drug trafficking was the main factor of the outbreak of violence experienced in this region of the planet. To measure the weight of this illegal activity on other crimes, we used a quantitative methodology. Through multivariated statistical analysis, the rates of the three offenses were tested with control variables exogenous in relation to the crimes. The sociological findings are that there is a significant influence of the drug trade in the dynamics of the two crimes. In the case of robberies, the relation between crime rates was positive and strong in both periods studied. Homicides, however, were influenced by the drug trafficking only in the first period of time researched. In the second period researched, the rate of robberies (influenced by drug dealing) was the variable that impacted most in the prevalence of murders at a continental level.

A presente dissertação de mestrado verificou empiricamente a influência do tráfico de entorpecentes nos delitos de homicídio e roubo em 32 metrópoles da América Latina, por meio da análise dos delitos reportados por jornais diários dessas cidades nos anos de 2006 e 2011. O objetivo deste estudo foi mensurar o impacto em nível continental do comércio ilegal de drogas na prevalência de outros delitos, levando em consideração outras variáveis contextuais. A partir do entendimento de que a criminalidade urbana possui forte componente endógeno de organização, a hipótese central foi a de que o narcotráfico foi o principal impulsionador do surto de violência vivenciado nesta região do planeta. Para medir o peso desta atividade ilegal sobre outros crimes, empregou-se a metodologia quantitativa. Por meio de análises estatísticas multivariadas, as taxas de homicídio e roubo foram analisadas levando-se em consideração variáveis endógenas, como o tráfico, e variáveis de controle, de caráter exógeno à criminalidade. Os achados sociológicos demonstraram uma influência expressiva do narcotráfico na dinâmica dos dois crimes. No caso dos roubos, a relação detectada entre as taxas (criadas a partir dos delitos reportados) foi positiva e forte nos dois períodos pesquisados. Os homicídios, todavia, foram influenciados pelo comércio ilegal de drogas apenas no primeiro recorte temporal. No segundo momento pesquisado, são os roubos, influenciados pelo tráfico, que passam a impactar na prevalência de assassinatos em nível continental. / This dissertation presents an empirical verification of the influence of narcotics trafficking in the crimes of murder and robbery in 32 cities in Latin America, through the analysis of crimes reported by newspapers of those cities in the years 2006 and 2011. The aim of this study was to measure the impact at a continental level of illegal drug trade in prevalence to other crimes, taking also into account contextual variables. From the understanding that urban crime has a strong endogenous organizational component, the central hypothesis was that drug trafficking was the main factor of the outbreak of violence experienced in this region of the planet. To measure the weight of this illegal activity on other crimes, we used a quantitative methodology. Through multivariated statistical analysis, the rates of the three offenses were tested with control variables exogenous in relation to the crimes. The sociological findings are that there is a significant influence of the drug trade in the dynamics of the two crimes. In the case of robberies, the relation between crime rates was positive and strong in both periods studied. Homicides, however, were influenced by the drug trafficking only in the first period of time researched. In the second period researched, the rate of robberies (influenced by drug dealing) was the variable that impacted most in the prevalence of murders at a continental level.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-05-17T18:11:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 joycekelinascimentosilva.pdf: 2103990 bytes, checksum: 6efba82e23debb8f624ac6a15b27e5ab (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-05-18T11:37:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 joycekelinascimentosilva.pdf: 2103990 bytes, checksum: 6efba82e23debb8f624ac6a15b27e5ab (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-18T11:37:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 joycekelinascimentosilva.pdf: 2103990 bytes, checksum: 6efba82e23debb8f624ac6a15b27e5ab (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-05-23 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Os estudos sobre o universo legal e judiciário, focando a descrição e compreensão de sua estrutura e entraves cresceram nos últimos anos no Brasil. E embora a criminalidade, geralmente, seja interpretada como um fenômeno masculino, observamos um crescente interesse acadêmico pela agência feminina criminosa, impulsionado pelo incremento no número de mulheres no Sistema Prisional na última década, especialmente pelo envolvimento com o tráfico de drogas. O objetivo deste trabalho é promover a discussão teórica sobre a possível influência de representações sociais de gênero, incorporadas aos sistemas de orientações e valores dos magistrados, no processo de tomada da decisão condenatória, bem como na natureza e quantidade das penas aplicadas. A definição do objeto da pesquisa decorre da constatação da escassez de estudos sobre a atuação dos magistrados brasileiros no processo decisório, bem como do incremento da participação da mulher nas estatísticas criminais. A análise dos elementos que surgem como determinantes na tomada de decisão pelos juízes envolveu elementos definidos na legislação brasileira antidrogas e na legislação processual penal. A pesquisa empírica empreende uma análise da sentencing nos processos de mulheres envolvidas com o tráfico, focalizada nos processos sentenciados e a problematização das variáveis explicativas das decisões pela autoridade judiciária, na sentença. Os estudos de “sentencing” concentram-se na análise do processo decisional e das disparidades nas penas, promovendo a desmistificação da ideia de imparcialidade na tomada de decisões judiciais ao analisar a atuação dos magistrados, bem como as variáveis sócio-históricas, filosóficas e jurídicas incorporadas no processo de racionalização da decisão, influenciando sua práxis e dinamizando uma cultura jurídica capaz de aplicar penas distintas para acusados pela prática de crimes semelhantes. Essa perspectiva teórica se apresenta como significativo instrumento de análise em estudos de sentenças, capaz de fornecer elementos conceituais aplicáveis à compreensão das condicionantes diretivas que envolvem a atividade judicante. Foram selecionados 39 (trinta e nove) sentenças, proferidas no período entre 2007 e 2012, nas 04 (quatro) Varas Criminais da Comarca de Juiz de Fora. Nestas sentenças, figuraram como acusadas pelo crime de tráfico 49 (quarenta e nove) mulheres, dentre as quais 03 (três) mulheres apareceram em 02 (duas) sentenças diferentes no período de tempo pesquisado, motivo pelo qual foram considerados 52 (cinquenta e dois) casos em conformidade com o objeto deste trabalho. Na análise sobre os critérios legais e extralegais que informam os magistrados durante o processo de tomada da decisão, num modelo da tradição jurídica na civil law, percebemos a filiação a um sistema de orientação marcado pelo formalismo jurídico, pronto a justificar-se dentro de um legalismo, em detrimento de uma postura universalista de promoção da justiça material. Bem como a reprodução de uma cultura penal tácita de conformidade quanto ao rigor no julgamento e condenação pelos crimes previstos na Nova Lei de Drogas. / Studies about the legal and judicial universe, focusing on the description and understanding of its structure and barriers have grown in recent years in Brazil. And although crime usually be interpreted as a male phenomenon, we observe a growing academic interest in female criminal agency, driven by the increase in the number of women in the prison system in the last decade, especially for involvement with drug trafficking. The objective of this work is to promote theoretical discussion on the possible influence of social representations of gender incorporated into the systems of guidelines and values of the magistrates in making the sentencing decision, as well as the nature and amount of penalties. The definition of the object of the research stems from the scarcity of studies on the role of Brazilians judges in decision process as well as the increase of women's participation in the crime statistics. The analysis of the elements that emerge as determinants in the decision by the judges involved elements defined in Brazilian law on narcotics and criminal procedure law. Empirical research undertakes an analysis of “sentencing” in cases of women involved in drug trafficking, focused on sentenced processes and questioning the explanatory variables of the decisions of the judicial authority in sentencing. Studies of “sentencing” focus on the analysis of decision making and disparities in criminal penalties, promoting the demystification of the idea of impartiality in making judgments to analyze the performance of judges, as well the sociohistorical, philosophical and legal variables incorporated in the process of rationalization of the decision, influencing your praxis and fostering a juridical culture able to apply different legal penalties for defendants that practice similar crimes. This theoretical perspective is presented as meaningful analytical tool in studies of sentencing, capable of providing conceptual elements applicable to the understanding of constraints directresses that involve adjudicative activity. We selected 39 (thirty-nine) sentences, handed down between 2007 and 2012, in 04 (four) Criminal Courts the Judicial District of Juiz de Fora. In these sentences, figured as accused for the crime of trafficking 49 (forty-nine) women, among which 03 (three) women appeared in 02 (two) different sentences in the time period studied, why were considered 52 (fifty-two) cases in accordance with the object of this work. In the analysis of the legal and extralegal criteria that inform the magistrates during the decision making process, a model of tradition in the civil law, we realize the membership of a guidance system marked by legal formalism, ready to be justified within a legalism, rather than a universalist stance of promoting material justice. As well the reproduction of a tacit criminal culture of conformity as to the rigor in the trial and sentencing for crimes under Brazilian Drug Law.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-08-22T11:26:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 alexandrejosesallesdefreitas.pdf: 1482710 bytes, checksum: 414c313b3458b97f77134266a90fe5e1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-08-22T12:01:41Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 alexandrejosesallesdefreitas.pdf: 1482710 bytes, checksum: 414c313b3458b97f77134266a90fe5e1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-22T12:01:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 alexandrejosesallesdefreitas.pdf: 1482710 bytes, checksum: 414c313b3458b97f77134266a90fe5e1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-12 / O presente trabalho estuda a aplicação prática de prisões preventivas, medida processual penal tratada como excepcional pela própria Constituição, mas que vem se tornando cada vez mais usual e recorrente. A fim de explicar o porquê de a exceção estar virando a regra, juristas e acadêmicos já apontam para problemas como falta de um prazo legal para a duração, ampla margem interpretativa dos fundamentos legais, bem como questões mais arraigadas de seletividade dos órgãos ligados à justiça criminal. A partir destes estudos, conjugados com uma revisão bibliográfica sobre a sociologia do crime e do desvio, aliados às discussões sobre o atual modelo de proibicionismo que resulta na política de “guerra às drogas”, o trabalho promove o estudo de 155 ações penais referentes ao crime de tráfico de drogas, distribuídas a uma das Varas Criminais da Justiça Estadual da comarca de Juiz de Fora – MG, num lapso temporal de dois anos, compreendidos entre as datas de 01/01/2014 e 31/12/2015. Os dados quantitativos e qualitativos extraídos destes processos foram interpretados com enfoque na questão da prisão preventiva e seu efeito no fluxo processual. Na sequência, seleciona-se 83 sentenças das quais se passa a analisar, tendo-se por base a teory of sentencing, as fundamentações para condenar, as penas utilizadas pelo magistrado dentre outros fatores, que permitem constatar um alto índice de condenações e uma predileção por penas privativas de liberdade, confirmando-se na prática a lógica da punição. Finalizase com o estudo de um caso modelo, do qual se observa em pormenores, desde a abordagem policial que resulta na prisão em flagrante, perpassando-se por sua conversão em preventiva até a posterior condenação, as correlações entre os órgãos de justiça criminal e a lógica de um processo de tráfico de drogas, onde se aliam dois dos principais gargalos do encarceramento. / The present work studies the practice of pre-trial detention, that should be exceptional, but has being usual. To explain the reason of being the rule, lawyers and specialists point to questions like lack of legal deadline, wide margin about legal grounds and questions like the selectivity of criminal justice. From these studies, with a literature review about sociology’s crime and deviance, allied to discussions about the actual model of prohibitionism that results in the public policy of war on drugs, this work promotes the study of 155 criminal actions linked to drug trafficking in a criminal court of State Justice in a city county, in a period between January of 2014 and December of 2015. The quantitative and qualitative data extracted from these cases were interpreted with focus on pre-trial detention and the effects on the process flow. In sequence, 83 were selected and analyzed by the theory of sentencing, the grounds of condemnation, the penalty used by the magistrate and other factors that allow us to verify an high index of condemnations and a preference to custodial sentences which confirms the punishment logical. We finished with a model of case study where were observed, in details, since the police approach that results in detention in the act, passing by conversion to pre-trial detention until the final condemnation, the correlations between criminal justice and the logic in a process of drug trafficking where two of the most important problems of incarceration are allied.