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En 2022, les droits et revendications autochtones se retrouvent parfois à la une. Par contre, peu d’individus connaissent les droits qu’un individu autochtone a dans le système de justice canadien. Suite à l’article 718.2 (e) mis en place dans le but de diminuer le haut taux d’incarcération de ces peuples, les rapports Gladue ont été élaborés spécifiquement pour les individus autochtones. Ces rapports sont présentés au juge lors de la détermination de la peine. À l’aide d’une analyse inspirée de la théorisation ancrée, cette thèse avance plusieurs pistes de réponse à la question suivante: Comment les rapports Gladue permettent-ils d’aborder les conséquences du Settler Colonialism? De ce fait, le Settler Colonialism permet de réaliser que les conséquences de la colonisation sont encore présentes dans plusieurs sphères de la société, incluant le système de justice. Les analyses des entretiens nous ont permis de constater que les rapports Gladue semblent avoir des impacts lors de la détermination de la peine, mais permettent aussi à l’individu autochtone de faire une réflexion de soi, lors du processus de rédaction du rapport. Par contre, l’analyse des données nous a aussi permis de réaliser plusieurs problématiques, telles que le manque de ressources pour les individus autochtones et le manque d’accessibilité de ces rapports. Ainsi, le taux élevé des individus autochtones incarcérés ne peut se voir diminuer, s’il n’y a pas d’autres investissements pour appuyer ces rapports. En d’autres termes, d’autres outils, autant au niveau de la prévention que dans le système de justice, doivent être disponibles pour les contrevenants autochtones.

Introduction: Social justice education aims for transformative, liberatory, democratic classrooms and curriculum. From inception, the Ontario Midwifery Education Program (OMEP) has included curriculum that reinforced key principles of Ontario midwifery, including informed choice, continuity of care and choice of birthplace. Despite the social justice underpinnings of these principles, the OMEP has not formally defined social justice in the context of midwifery education or formalized a social justice-based curriculum linked to the Canadian Midwifery Competencies (CMCs) set out by the Canadian Midwifery Regulators Council (CMRC). Methods: A modified Delphi design was utilized that involved focus groups, interviews, two rounds of surveys and a member checking session. Participants were recruited through purposeful and snowball sampling. Open coding was used to analyse qualitative data and identify themes, and quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: Three key findings were elicited. First, qualitative data was used to articulate a definition of ‘social justice’ in the context of midwifery education based on the OMEP’s social justice values, goals, and actions. Second, 86 social justice-based elements (grouped in three thematic areas) and 32 social justice-related CMCs were identified which gave way to 26 corresponding learning outcomes and 6 program level learning outcomes. Third, it was noted that the thematic categories, ‘legal and economic structures’, and ‘policy and health service structures’, were not captured in any of the 32 CMCs suggesting the need for a paradigmatic shift in social justice education in midwifery. Conclusion: Recommendations to the OMEP are: 1. develop social justice curriculum using constructive alignment and social justice education pedagogies, 2. incorporate social justice curriculum throughout the program to be a global exemplar, and 3. add additional competencies to the existing CMRC’s roles-based framework to support structural competency education. Future work could involve the development of a Canadian midwifery education framework that centres social justice pedagogies and curriculum. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc) / This study aimed to define ‘social justice’ in the context of Canadian midwifery education, determine specific social justice content to be included in Ontario Midwifery Education Program (OMEP) curriculum, and identify social justice-based Canadian midwifery competencies (CMCs) set out by the Canadian Midwifery Regulators Council (CMRC). This work was completed through consensus-building methodology that included focus groups, interviews, and surveys. A definition that aligned participants' interpretations of the term social justice was developed. A key finding was that participant-identified social justice content that dealt with ‘legal and economic structures’, and ‘policy and health service structures’ did not have any corresponding CMCs, suggesting that those respective structural competency categories may be underdeveloped in Canadian midwifery curricula. These findings suggest that the OMEP is undergoing a shift in its understanding of social justice knowledge and praxis. It is recommended that the OMEP adopt innovative social justice teaching methods and concordant curriculum to propel the program into novel territory for health professions education.

The quality of probation officer-client therapeutic alliance (TA) can result in improvements in supervision success including reduced rearrest and non-compliance. However, less is known about how clients' perceptions of procedural justice during interactions with their probation officer (PO) influence the quality of the PO-client TA and impact supervision outcomes. While extant research supports the importance of procedural justice for shaping citizen's legitimacy beliefs and compliance to the law within policing, we know little about how and whether these concepts influence the PO-client TA in community supervision and whether they impact compliance. Using self-reported survey data collected from a sample of adult individuals on county-level probation (N = 172), this study examined the influence of client perceptions of procedural justice, legitimacy, and legal cynicism in predicting the PO-client TA. Multivariate regression analyses examined the collective effect of these interpersonal relationship factors on clients' odds of receiving a technical violation and receiving a positive drug test. Results indicated that clients' perceptions of procedural justice were positively associated with the PO-client TA. Clients who viewed their PO treated them fairly and with respect were more likely to report a higher quality relationship. However, perceptions of procedural justice, legitimacy, and the TA were unrelated to compliance outcome. Risk level was the strongest predictor for receiving a technical violating and positive drug test. These findings suggest that while procedural justice was associated with a stronger TA, procedural justice alone may be insufficient to elicit supervision compliance. This study suggests the need to expand future research to consider procedural justice in the context of other supervision outcomes, including client satisfaction. Though the current study found procedural justice did not impact technical violations and positive drug tests, it may improve clients' satisfaction of the supervision process, which could result in greater client success and improved outcomes

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Quantitative research investigating the causes and subsequent impact of transitional justice practices has further developed thanks to the production of cross-national data on justice practices, namely by the Justice Data Project and the Transitional Justice Research Collaborative. Current work, however, does not consider the role of justice from a feminist perspective. For example, with respect to causes, we know little about whether and how justice processes are gender inclusive, and what the factors lead to gendered inclusion within justice practices. There is also a need for further inquiry to explain how gendered conflict violence, e.g., sexual violence directed at women, influences justice adoption, and if so, whether these justice processes are more likely to be inclusive of women and gendered issues. Regarding justice impact (its post-hoc effects), there is much to know about the implications gendered justice pose for post-violence societies. Moving away from essentialist notions that position men as protectors and women as inherently peaceful and mere victims of abuse, feminist scholars advocate for research to showcase women's agency as security providers in peacebuilding and peacemaking. I introduce a framework to explain how women and gendered issues become integrated into justice practices and evaluate implications that result from these processes. Such a research program is important, if not crucial, to understand the role of women as agents in the development of peace and security in countries with a history of violence and human rights abuse. In doing so, I respond to demands calling for gender perspectives on issues related to security and positive peace, a peace that includes social justice, that can only be achieved by dismantling the unequal power structures of gender, race, and class.

No / Organizational justice is an important determinant of workplace attitudes, decisions, and behaviors. However,understanding workplace fairness requires not only examining what happens but also when it happens, interms of justice events, perceptions, and reactions. We organize and discuss findings from 194 justice articleswith temporal aspects, selected from over a thousand empirical justice articles. By examining temporalaspects, our findings enrich and sometimes challenge the answers to three key questions in the organizationaljustice literature relating to (i) when individuals pay attention to fairness, including specific facets, (ii) howfairness judgments form and evolve, and (iii) how reactions to perceived (in)justice unfold. Our review iden-tifies promising avenues for empirical work and emphasizes the importance of developing temporal theoriesof justice. / Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology-FCT. Grant Numbers: PTDC/EGE-GES/098856/2008, EXPL/IIM-GES/0962/2013